International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 52, issue 3-4

Authors: Wu, Chengsong | Xu, Minglong | Wu, Tonghui | Ma, Guoliang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Panel reflection antenna in large diameter is a typical cantilever structure and has the quality of low-stiffness, weak-damping and flexible-significantly. Large amplitude and enduring vibration will occur when satellite adjusts posture due to frequency coupling, which will greatly affect pointing accuracy of the antenna. In this paper, four Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) patches are applied as sensors and actuators to control the coupling vibration of the antenna. PD and fuzzy control algorithms are utilized to build the closed-loop feedback control system. Active vibration control of the first two vibration modes in both free attenuation vibration situation and steady excitation vibration …situation are implemented. The experiment results suggest that using MFC sensors and actuators in active vibration control of the antenna is effective. Show more

Keywords: Active vibration control, panel reflection antenna, MFC sensors and actuators

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162157

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1267-1275, 2016

Authors: Zhang, Shuai | Zhang, Yahong | Zhang, Xinong | Zheng, Yisheng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper deals with the vibration control of a doubly curved shell by Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC) piezoelectric actuator. The driving force and bending moment formulas of MFC actuator are derived based on the constitutive relations of the piezoelectric material and bending deformation theory. The vibration of the doubly curved shell under fuzzy PID control is simulated. Results show that using fuzzy PID controller can effectively suppress the vibration of the system. Compared with classical PID controller, the fuzzy PID controller shows better performance, faster response and stronger robustness.

Keywords: Doubly curved shell, MFC actuator, vibration control, fuzzy PID control

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162176

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1277-1286, 2016

Authors: Su, Daniel | Li, Xiang | Luo, Yun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Prosthesis is an important means of compensatory morphological and functional way to help extremity disabled patients in rehabilitation and reintegration. As the human-machine interface (HMI) in between the prosthesis and the stump, compatibility of the prosthetic socket liner interface greatly influence whether the amputee abandoned artificial limbs or not. Base on complaint bistable mechanism and 3D printing technology, this paper presents a bionic elastomer design of prosthetic socket liner. Compatible flexible continuum structure has interface design to achieving anisotropy mechanical force properties.

Keywords: Prosthetic socket, silicone liner, human-machine interface (HMI), anisotropy, 3D printing, bionic, elastomer, passive structure, complaint bistable mechanism

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162074

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1287-1293, 2016

Authors: Liang, Qinghua | Mo, Jinqiu | Dai, Xin | Long, Yongjun | Cao, Jiayong | Wang, Shigang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a two-dimensional (2D) analytical model for predicting the magnetic field in field modulated permanent-magnet (PM) eddy-current couplings with a slotted conductor rotor. Based on the subdomain method, the original radial-flux model with a cylindrical geometry is simplified and analyzed in Cartesian coordinates to solve the moving conductor eddy current problem, avoiding the complicated computation with Bessel function in cylindrical or polar coordinates. In the process of modeling, the effects of the field modulation on the eddy currents, the influence of eddy current reaction field on the air gap field, and the interactions between the adjacent conducting bars …are considered. The moving PM field is treated as a source of a time-harmonic field and the diffusion equations in the bars are simplified and converted to complex temporal Hemholtz functions. The comparison of analytical and nonlinear finite element analysis results shows the effectiveness of the proposed analytical model. Show more

Keywords: Eddy current coupling, field modulation, radial flux

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162135

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1295-1303, 2016

Authors: Nowacki, J.P. | Drabik, A. | Alshits, V.I.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Electroelastic 2D fields excited by a straight general line source in an anisotropic periodically layered piezoelectric medium are expressed in an implicit analytical form of well-convergent Fourier integral. The analysis is given in terms of the 8 × 8 propagator matrix constructed for a graded or stratified medium formed by a periodic succession of layers. The general line source represents a combination of the straight 4D dislocation with the force and charge distributed along the same line.

Keywords: Piezoelectricity, anisotropy, 1D inhomogeneity, periodic multilayers, general line source

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162079

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1305-1311, 2016

Authors: Zheng, Yisheng | Zhang, Xinong | Ma, Chicheng | Zhang, Zhifeng | Zhang, Shuai

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To design an ultra-low frequency (ULF) isolator, a magnetic spring composed of a pair of ring magnets is employed in parallel with the conventional pendulum. The magnetic spring can produce magnetic torque to cancel the gravitational torque of the pendulum and hence reduce the resonance frequency. The magnetic torque is calculated based on the Amperian current model. After establishing the analytical dynamic model of the ULF isolator, the transfer function is achieved and the isolation performance is evaluated from two aspects analytically: the resonance frequency and the center of percussion effect.

Keywords: Vibration isolation, ultra-low frequency, pendulum, magnetic spring

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162161

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1313-1320, 2016

Authors: Dong, Guangxu | Zhang, Xinong | Luo, Yajun | Zhang, Yahong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To improve the performance of vibration isolator in the low frequency region, a magnetic spring-beam vibration isolator with the high-static-low-dynamic stiffness (HSLDS) characteristic is developed in this paper. The proposed isolator is designed by combining a negative stiffness magnetic spring (NSMS) in parallel with an Euler-Bernoulli beam. The NSMS comprising four magnet pairs is utilized to reduce the resonant frequency of the isolator. An analytical expression of the negative stiffness (NS) of the NSMS is derived according to the Amperian current model, and the approximation to NS is deduced. Based on the harmonic balance method (HBM), the dynamic response of …the isolator is obtained and the impacts of external force and damping ratio on the force transmissibility are investigated numerically. The simulated results demonstrate that the NSMS can effectively reduce the resonant frequency of the isolator and broaden the bandwidth for vibration isolation. Also the damping property of the isolator with NSMS is improved. Show more

Keywords: Vibration isolation, negative stiffness magnetic spring, Euler-Bernoulli beam

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162084

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1321-1329, 2016

Authors: Yang, Guicai | Pei, Cuixiang | Xiao, Pan | Chen, Zhenmao | Wang, Wanjin | Luo, Guangnan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) method using rotating bias magnetic field was proposed for NDT of delamination defect in a thin multilayer tube of W-Cu monoblock in ITER divertor. To investigate its feasibility, a numerical simulation code was developed for EMAT signal simulation of tube configuration and uniform bias magnetic field. The EMAT signals of a typical EMAT transducer under bias magnetic field applied outside the tube were simulated for deboning defect of different size in the W-Cu interface of the mono-block. The reasonable sound speed and simple dependence of the signal amplitude on defect size demonstrated …that the developed code is efficient and the proposed rotating bias field EMAT is feasible for inspecting delamination defect in thin multilayer tubes. In addition, an experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of the rotating speed on the EMAT signals. It is found that a normal rotation speed does not give significant influence on the EMAT signals, which further support the validity of the rotating bias field EMAT. Show more

Keywords: EMAT, rotation bias magnetic field, monoblock, delamination, thin multilayer tube, Tokamak

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162120

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1331-1339, 2016

Authors: Yamamoto, Tatsuya | Bu, Yinggang | Mizuno, Tsutomu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Magnetic flux in the environment can be converted to electric power using a coil. However, to date, the power recovered has been miniscule because of increases in the AC resistance of the coil. This paper reports an investigation of the role of the core in the impedance of the coil, and the output power of the energy harvesting circuit of the leakage magnetic flux recovery coil. The use of a magnetoplated wire with a ferrite core in an energy harvesting circuit resulted in an increase in power of 29.3% to give 6.53 mW at 150 kHz in a uniform magnetic …flux density of 27 mT. Show more

Keywords: Energy harvesting, magnetoplated wire, ferrite core

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162117

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1341-1349, 2016

Authors: Mao, Boyong | Xie, Shilin | Zhou, Jinxiong | Zhang, Xinong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Dielectric electro-active polymer (DEAP) is a new kind of smart materials and has many advantages such as large deformation, fast response and so on. These features make dielectric elastomeric is a suitable material for actuators. In the article, a new type of DEAP vibration isolator is proposed, which utilizes the fiber stiffening DEAP membranes. The dynamic model of the DEAP isolator is developed by employing a nonequilibrium thermodynamic model. A set of harmonic vibration tests are conducted to identify the model parameters of DEAP isolator. The results show that the area of hysteresis loop increases with the increase of displacement …amplitude, and the dynamic stiffness of DEAP isolator increases with the increase of excitation frequency. An additional stiffness component is introduced thereafter in the model in order to correct the stiffness coefficients based on the measured data. Based on the identified isolator model, a simulated study on semi-active vibration isolation is also carried out. The simulated results show that the effective frequency range of vibration isolation can be expanded in some extent under DC input voltage. It indicates the feasibility of semi-active vibration isolation with the present DEAP isolator. Show more

Keywords: Dielectric elastomeric, DEAP isolator, fiber stiffening DEAP membrane, semi-active vibration isolation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162169

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1351-1358, 2016

Authors: Hu, Zifan | Zhang, Xinong | Luo, Yajun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The vibration of hoop truss structure can be attenuated effectively through the voice coil actuator (VCA) under an adaptive LMS-based feedback strategy. The governing equations of the hoop truss with voice coil actuator are obtained using finite element method. The LMS-based feedback control theory is introduced and a simulation on adaptive vibration control of hoop truss structure with voice coil is done under the LMS-based feedback control strategy. The results of the simulation indicate that adaptive LMS-based feedback control using VCA is a viable control mean.

Keywords: Voice coil actuator, hoop truss structure, LMS-based feedback control

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162111

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1359-1367, 2016

Authors: Luo, Yajun | Yi, Huizhen | Yang, Huiran | Jiang, Zhutong | Zhang, Xinong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a multi-layer piezoelectric structure (MPS) is designed as a sensor with multi-channel and high-output properties. It is bonded onto the surface of a cantilever, and then the FEM modeling and simulations are developed. The mathematical formulation of the model is based on the shear deformation beam theory because of the large thickness of MPS. Furthermore, the FEM model is obtained based on the Hamilton's principle and the finite element method. The effects of some key parameters such as the number of piezoelectric layers, the thickness of per piezoelectric patch and that of per adhesive layer are analyzed …on the sensing property of the MPS. Finally, a contrast experiment is also finished. The results have shown that this novel piezoelectric structure has a clear sensing advantage. It is helpful for designing the piezoelectric balance sensor or the piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting structure. Show more

Keywords: Multi-layer piezoelectric structure, sensor, finite element method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162118

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1369-1376, 2016

Authors: Tanaka, Yoshikazu | Oko, Takuya | Mutsuda, Hidemi | Ichikawa, Kazuo | Yamamoto, Toshihide | Okihama, Keisuke

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study, the power generated by a flexible piezoelectric device (FPED) assuming engine vibration is presented. An FPED is designed considering the frequency of the vehicle engine, and a forced vibration experiment is conducted. The FPED has a pinned-pinned support. The experimental results are presented, and the power generation is discussed. The validity of a theoretical analysis method is also considered for future manufacturing. Finally, a feasibility study for power generation using an actual engine is conducted, and the results are presented.

Keywords: Piezoelectric film, flexible piezoelectric device, renewable energy, theoretical analysis method, forced vibration, engine vibration

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162104

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1377-1383, 2016

Authors: Matsui, Daigo | Oga, Satohiro | Kyoso, Masaki | Kiryu, Shogo | Shimatani, Yuichi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Several types of small spiral coils were made as receiver coils for wireless power-transmission to the implantable medical devices. The electrical characteristics of the coils were tested in the air and the physiological saline solution under the similar ionic condition to the body fluid. Both of the effective inductance and the effective loss were increased in the saline in the range of tested frequency. In the saline, relationship between the operating frequency and the effective inductance closely fitted to the equation curve derived from a simple circuit model that includes a stray capacitance component. The values of capacitance estimated from …the curve fittings were proportional to the surface area of the coil. Show more

Keywords: Wireless power transfer, implantable device, spiral coil

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162160

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1385-1391, 2016

Authors: Shimizu, Yuzo | Endo, Takuma | Takagi, Shintaro | Sawada, Tatsuo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study reports on the effects of tapered metering pins on the behavior of magnetorheological (MR) fluid with a magnetic field applied around an orifice under an impact load. We proposed a mechanical model of the MR fluid pipe flow and compared it with the experiment results of the flow under an impact load. We also conducted drop impact tests with four types of tapered metering pins and carried out qualitative analysis of the effects of the pins. The experimental results were analyzed by displacement, velocity and acceleration of the dropping piston. The results show that the shape of the …pins has some effect on the entire shock absorption process, whereas magnetic field strength affects the post-peak behavior only, and shock absorption with a longer tapered pin is more widely controllable by a magnetic field. These results indicate that a tapered metering pin has applicability to shock absorption using an MR fluid. Show more

Keywords: Magnetorheological fluid, shock absorber, orifice, metering pin

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162097

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1393-1400, 2016

Authors: Yang, Yun | Li, Long | Deng, Zhiyang | Kang, Yihua

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the rough surface crack signal, a magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection technique based on the magnetic medium lift-off is proposed for the first time. The influence of surface roughness on the crack signal is analyzed based on a simplified model of the workpiece with rough surface. By replacing the air region of the lift-off between the sensor and workpiece with magnetic medium, the leakage magnetic field of the crack and surface roughness are redistributed which results in the change of signals acquired by the sensor. The improvement of the SNR comparing …to the widely used air medium lift-off is demonstrated and confirmed through simulation approaches. In addition, the different thickness and relative permeability of the magnetic medium lift-off are analyzed to optimize the improvement method in this paper. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection, surface roughness, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), lift-off

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162115

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1401-1408, 2016

Authors: Zhang, Dongli | Wu, Meixian | Li, Hongmei | Chen, Zhenmao | Li, Yong | Xie, Shejuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The thickness of anti-corrosive layer coated in the inner surface of steel oil containers is very important to prevent the containers from corrosion. To make the measurement accurate, some effective means are needed, especially for the eddy current sensor inclining or deviating over the curved inner surface of the containers. By using an electromagnetic field simulation method with high accuracy, the distorted signals and the measure precision of lift-off were analyzed. Then, some correction measures were proposed according to the characteristics of testing signals due to the sensor's inclination or deviation. Simulation results confirmed their effectiveness for enhancing the measure …precision. The conclusions can give an effective theoretical guide to the centering and verticality controlling of the sensor in practice. Show more

Keywords: Eddy current sensor, posture correction, coating thickness measurement, numerical simulation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162129

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1409-1415, 2016

Authors: Tsuchiya, Kazuyoshi | Aljarf, Saad Mohammad | Kaneko, Daiki | Kajiwara, Kagemasa | Kimura, Minoru

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: pH sensors are used to measure pH of solvents changed by a chemical reaction in a beaker. Those pH sensors are created by the glass electrode approach, which has a glass thin film of approximately 0.05 [mm] at the bottom, and source electrode, which has a liquid interchange at the bottom; in addition, a silver chloride electrode was included in each electrode. Because of the complex construction, the size increases, hence it is important to downsize the pH sensor in ex-change to monitor pH in microscopic measurement, for instance cells. Nonetheless, it is complicated to create a smaller sized in …the glass electrode method; KCl solution is used as an internal liquid of the glass electrode and the source electrode. Hence, in this paper, the solid type of one electrode approach without an internal liquid as a new pH measuring method is proposed. An antimony electrode (as a working electrode) creates the one electrode approach and an Ag/AgIO3 electrode (as a source electrode) deposited on the surface with Sb/Sb2 O3 and SiO2 thin film (as an insulator) of the functioning electrode. Thus, the proposed sensor is a reliable sensor; therefore, the coefficient of determination between them shows more than 0.98. Show more

Keywords: pH sensor, Antimony electrode method, Ag/AgIO3 electrode method, RF magnetron sputtering

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162139

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1417-1424, 2016

Authors: Kitao, Junji | Takahashi, Yasuhito | Fujiwara, Koji | Ahagon, Akira | Matsuo, Tetsuji | Daikoku, Akihiro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to accurately represent the hysteretic property, this paper investigates the identification method for the play model. The magnetic field at the maximum magnetic flux density of symmetric loops is corrected, thereby improving the representation accuracy of magnetization curves and hysteresis losses under alternating magnetic flux density conditions. Moreover, we investigate its effectiveness in the finite element magnetic field analyses taking account of hysteretic property by using the play model.

Keywords: Hysteretic property, electrical steel sheet, play model

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162122

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1425-1432, 2016

Authors: Xiao, Ling | Li, Ming | Cheng, Wenjie | Fan, Hongwei | Liu, Gang | Sun, Yanhua

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a new numerical method based on the finite element method (FEM) is presented to analyze magnetic properties and eddy current losses in Fe-based soft magnetic composites (SMCs) from viewpoints of nonlinear theory. In this method, SMCs are assumed to be composed of homogeneous ferromagnetic particles (circular, hexagon) and insulating layer with periodicity. The results show that the effective permeabilities in the models with pores and defects are more than that with pores only. By reducing the coating thickness, the eddy current loss was greatly suppressed and the permeability improves largely. The calculation results in hexagon model are …consistent with the experimental value which can be used to design the optimum prescription and parameters before the experiment. Show more

Keywords: Soft magnetic composites, eddy current loss, permeability

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162056

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1433-1441, 2016

Authors: Li, Hao | Luo, Jinglin | Yan, Guirong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A multi-in-multi-out (MIMO) electrodynamic vibration suppression system based on global-local control strategy is established in this paper. The system has a structure composed of an upper layer and a lower layer. The lower layer employs a MIMO vibration suppression algorithm to suppress local vibration by using several eclectrodynamic vibration suppressors. The upper layer consists of a personal computer and a data acquisiton system to perform the principal component analysis of the global structural vibration. Resusts of the vibration suppression experiment on a slender structure show that the maximum vibration suppression decreased by 82%, and the overall structural average vibration decreased …by 58%, which proves that this method is effective and feasible. Show more

Keywords: MIMO, electrodynamic vibration suppressor, global-local control

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162147

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1443-1451, 2016

Authors: Mizuno, Shota | Ishikawa, Takeo | Kurita, Nobuyuki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a topology optimization method and rotor structure designs for a permanent magnet synchronous generator based on this method. These described designs enable high output power and less permanent magnet volume. The topology optimization method is a genetic algorithm that considers the clusters and cleaning procedure of material. The optimized rotor has a structure in which the magnet is moved in the direction of rotation, and the output power of the optimized rotor is larger than that of the Prius type generator, in spite of less PM volume.

Keywords: Topology optimization, permanent magnet synchronous generator, genetic algorithm

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162128

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1453-1460, 2016

Authors: Kinoshita, Katsuyuki | Uchida, Koki | Imatani, Shoji

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We investigated the magnetic behavior of an austenitic stainless steel with an inherent magnetic sensor under cyclic deformation, as well as the factors controlling its magnetic behavior. The permeability properties of type 304 stainless steel (SUS304) specimens subjected to different prestrains were measured along the longitudinal and width directions after an arbitrary number of cycles. It was found that the estimation parameter corresponding to the variation in the permeability increased and decreased periodically with an increase the number of cycles. Moreover, after comparing the values of the estimation parameter before and after stress-relief annealing, it was determined that the internal …tensile stress of the martensite phase generated by the cyclic deformation caused the estimation parameter to decrease. This suggested that it should be possible to determine the magnitude of the inelastic strain in SUS304 on the basis of the inherent magnetic sensor. Show more

Keywords: Cyclic deformation, SUS304 stainless steel, inherent magnetism, nondestructive evaluation method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162231

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1461-1467, 2016

Authors: Zhou, Ying | Wang, Minghui | Zhu, Liangfan | Luo, Yun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Constant-force behavior is an unique property of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) and could be used in designing constant-force elements in surgical devices. It is easily obtained by stretching an SMA wire. However, studies with SMA bending strips have seldom been reported before. According to the constant-force design principles of the bending strips obtained through simulations in previous paper, several prototypes were developed for experimental evaluation. This paper presents a proof of concept on the principles through experiments. The results show its availability as constant-force element for practical use.

Keywords: Constant-force, NiTi shape memory alloys, bending strips

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162131

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1469-1475, 2016

Authors: Chen, Dezhi | Zhao, Wenliang | Bai, Baodong | Kwon, Byung-Il

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents the performance analysis and experiment of vibration and noise in transformer cores, considering the different magnetostriction influence of electrical steel sheets in the lamination rolling direction and perpendicular to this direction. Firstly, the magnetostrictive curves are obtained by the experimental test, which are utilized for the accurate setup in the finite element method (FEM). Then, the vibration and noise of a single phase power transformer are analyzed by FEM. Finally, the simulation results are verified by the experimental results under the DC bias.

Keywords: Vibration and noise, magnetostriction influence, transformer, finite element method, DC bias

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162105

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1477-1484, 2016

Authors: Kim, Taeyoung | Jeong, Inhyuck | Kim, Dukjin | Kim, Byungtaek

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, the air gap flux density distribution of a surface PM vernier motor are analytically investigated, and principles of torque production are explained by not using lumped electrical circuit parameters but using magnetic quantities. To these ends, the equations of magnetic field waves, stored energy and torque are derived. The obtained equations are compared to those of a conventional PM machine, which shows that the vernier motor has substantially different characteristics of energy and peak flux densities in the core parts as well as air gap. Finally the design guides for vernier motor design to avoid saturation of …core material are presented and verified through FE analysis for a practical model. Show more

Keywords: Air gap flux density, field energy, saturation, vernier motor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162230

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1485-1493, 2016

Authors: Kurihara, Takeshi | Narita, Takayoshi | Kato, Hideaki | Yamamoto, Yoshio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Thin steel plates are widely used in various industrial products. However, there are problems where deterioration of surface quality and metal plating occurred by transporting. As a solution to these problems, a noncontact transport of steel plate using electromagnetic force has been proposed. However, there is a risk that side slipping or the dropping of the plate may occur. Therefore we have proposed the addition of electromagnetic actuators to control the horizontal motion of levitated steel plate. In this study, a thin steel plate (0.24 mm thickness) was magnetically levitated, and we carried out transport experiments to discuss the effect …of a magnetic field from horizontal direction applied to the levitated steel plate on its elastic vibration. As a result, it is confirmed that the application of a magnetic field in the horizontal direction improves the levitation stability of transported thin steel plate. Show more

Keywords: Electromagnetic levitation control, thin steel plate, vibration control, magnetic field, transportation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162144

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1495-1502, 2016

Authors: Adachi, Takahito | Takahara, Kenji

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyse and to measure damping characteristics of a linear generator. The linear generator can convert any mechanical vibration to electric power. The damping characteristics of the linear generator change due to the changes of the connected resistance. Therefore, a linear generator can be used as a controllable damper. The viscous damping coefficients were calculated by a finite element method. The prototype linear generator was produced based on the simulation and its damping characteristics were measured. It was confirmed that the viscous damping coefficient was controlled by PWM signal. Furthermore, the charging characteristics were …measured when it mover was driven by constant vibration of amplitude 30 [mm] and frequency 3 [Hz]. It was conceivable that the proposed linear generator can be used as a generator or a controllable damper as necessary. Show more

Keywords: Linear generator, PWM signal, viscous damping coefficient, semi-active suspension

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162166

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1503-1510, 2016

Authors: Wang, Li | Chen, Zhenmao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Quantitative evaluation of crack profiles using Eddy Current Testing (ECT) signals often underestimates depth of a Stress Corrosion Crack (SCC) because of the crack complicated property, especially the conductivity property. In this paper, to improve reconstruction precision of crack depth, an SCC numerical model considering crack conductivity distribution is adopted. To solve the high-dimension optimization problem with multiple conductivity parameters, a hybrid inversion strategy combined Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm with Powell direction acceleration method is proposed. Owing to overcoming local optimum and slow search speed in a high-dimension solution space of PSO algorithm, and solving the difficulty of initial …value selection for Powell direction acceleration method, the hybrid inversion strategy can improve SCC reconstruction accuracy and numerical stability. Results from simulated and measured ECT signals of several artificial SCCs demonstrate that the proposed strategy is effective to improve reconstruction precision of crack depth. Show more

Keywords: Eddy current testing, stress corrosion cracks, reconstruction, particle swarm optimization, high-dimension optimization, Powell direction acceleration method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162167

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1511-1517, 2016

Authors: Yamamoto, Takeshi | Matsuzawa, Shuhei | Ogawa, Shinnosuke | Ota, Tomohiro | Hirata, Katsuhiro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Electromagnetic fluid shows a unique behavior as elongation and sharpening in electrostatic field. Especially the electromagnetic fluid in this research can be largely deformed in microscale without breakup or collapsing thanks to its very high viscosity. The technique can be applied to microscale structures or MEMS devices. However experimental approach to control the deformation is insufficient because it is very difficult to measure electrostatic stress and surface tension acting on electrostatic fluid during deformation. This research reveals its mechanism quantitatively by calculating the deformation of electromagnetic fluid with a proposed combined method of FEM and MPS (Moving Particle Semi-implicit).

Keywords: Electromagnetic fluid, combined method, FEM, MPS

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162226

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1519-1524, 2016

Authors: Murai, Masanori | Matsuoka, Shuji | Hirano, Takashi | Yamanaka, Yoshinari | Yamanaka, Kyoji | Takagi, Toshiyuki | Uchimoto, Tetsuya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To eliminate microwave reflections from a truncated-cone antenna element used to irradiate liquid objects with microwaves, the element needs to be designed optimally. Three design parameters were used in the optimization, the objective function to be minimized being power reflection coefficient of the microwaves. An applicable range of relative permittivity for the liquid objects was identified. The characteristics of the antenna were checked in experiments using water. Also the temperature dependency of the antenna was checked in both numerical and experimental tests.

Keywords: Microwave heating, microwave irradiation, microwave antenna, optimum design

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162136

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1525-1530, 2016

Authors: Sato, Morihiko | Oya, Ryusuke | Ishikawa, Takeo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We have developed a ten stages Marx generator type pulsed power system with MOSFETs. The operation principle of the circuit has been clarified, and the experimental results have confirmed the operation of the developed circuit. In the case of ten stages system, the repetitive operation is verified at the frequency of 1 kHz, and the output voltage of 9.4 kV was obtained. The current was calculated as 36 A, and increasing of the current flowed in the system was achieved. The experiment of the underwater pulsed electrical discharge is performed, and the occurrence of the underwater pulsed electric discharge was …confirmed. Show more

Keywords: Pulsed power, MOSFET, underwater electric discharge

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162156

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1531-1536, 2016

Authors: Fukuoka, Katsuhiro | Noma, Shota | Kobayashi, Masaki | Ozaki, Tomohiro | Oikawa, Yoshiro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In a rotating-magnetic-field-type magnetizer using a three-pole (three-phase) coil, omnidirectional cracks can be detected via a single test. However, the rotating magnetic field ultimately experiences non-homogeneous distribution in an area far from the centre of the magnetizer. In this study, a multi-coil-type magnetizer that widely obtains uniform rotating magnetic fields was hence developed. Distributions of rotating magnetic flux densities in test object were evaluated using finite-element analysis, and the utility of the multi-coil was confirmed. In addition, the technique for omnidirectional magnetization on whole surfaces of 3D-shaped test object was considered via implementation of the subject multi-coil magnetizer.

Keywords: Magnetic particle testing, rotating magnetic field, multi coil, omnidirectional magnetization, finite element method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162174

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1537-1543, 2016

Authors: Fukuoka, Katsuhiro | Horiike, Sho

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As magnetic particle testing (MT) detects microcracks using a simplified method, it is used for non-destructive inspection of ferromagnetic materials in various industrial fields. However, MT can provide only a rough distribution shape of a crack; a quantitative technique for evaluating the crack shape has not been established in conventional MT. In the present study, the relationship between the crack shape and the shape of the adhered magnetic particles was revealed by image measurements using a high-speed video camera. We developed a technique for quantitatively evaluating the crack shape from the results of magnetic particle indication in MT.

Keywords: Magnetic particle testing (MT), quantitative evaluation, dynamic image, crack shape estimation, indication

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162211

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1545-1551, 2016

Authors: Uchida, Yoshihisa | Sugiyama, Hirohiko | Tachino, Shinya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The multi-purpose module system (MMS), a modular robot, comprises joint and function modules. It is possible to transform the MMS into the series-connected and the quadruped forms. This study presents a quadruped form MMS (MMS-G03). In particular, modeling and simulation of MMS-G03 for attitude control is discussed. Two attitude control methods are proposed based on an inverted pendulum model using a state feedback control scheme. The effects of the two methods are evaluated. According to the results, the attitude angle approached the target angle and converged. The attitude angle increased upon increasing the weight rate in both control methods because …of the increase in the moment of inertia of body. The lifted leg method is effective at lower leg length rates, and the supporting leg method is effective at higher leg length rates. The usefulness of the proposed attitude control methods was observed under various module conditions. Show more

Keywords: Multi-purpose module system (MMS), module robot, state feedback control

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162094

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1553-1560, 2016

Authors: Sim, Sunbo | Le, Minhhuy | Kim, Jungmin | Lee, Jinyi | Kim, Hoon | Do, Hwa-Sik

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes an encircling-type magnetic camera for inspecting the damage to control rods. The magnetic source and sensors in the magnetic camera were separated from each other, which minimized the electromagnetic interference of adjacent sensors and improved the spatial resolution. An induced current (IC) appears on a control rod whenever a time-varying current is applied to the magnetic source, i.e., an encircling coil. The IC flows along the circumferential direction (θ -direction) of the rod, and generates a time-varying magnetic field in the radial direction (r-direction) around the defect. Bobbin-type integrated Hall sensors are arrayed inside the encircling coil, …and therefore the r-direction magnetic field around the defect is measured. Seventeen Hall sensors were arrayed at a 21° angle with respect to 1.85-mm resolution to measure the electromagnetic field distribution on a stainless-steel small bore piping system, which had an external diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm. The 40% (1-mm diameter) and 20% (3-mm diameter) depths of the hole-type wears were inspected using the proposed system. In addition, slit-type cracks with a length of 3 mm, depth of 0.2 mm, and width of 0.1 mm in both axial and circumferential directions could be inspected. Show more

Keywords: Control rod, encircling coil, eddy current, sensor array, small bore piping system, magnetic camera, imaging

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162154

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1561-1567, 2016

Authors: Yazdan, Tanveer | Zhao, Wenliang | Kwon, Byung-Il

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a new topology that combines the flux barrier configuration and the split permanent magnet structure of spoke type interior permanent magnet motor (SIPM) with concentrated winding to improve the average torque as well as the quality of torque. The flux barriers can reduce the leakage flux between the magnets inserted in the rotor. Whereas, splitting the magnet across the steel core can decrease the magnetic resistance of the rotor shape. Therefore, both techniques are combined to get their benefits together to improve the output characteristic. The structure is further optimized using Kriging method and Genetic Algorithm to …obtain an efficient design within given constraints of the machine. It is demonstrated that torque constant of optimal model is improved. Moreover, cogging torque and torque ripples are minimized. Finite element analysis is performed to verify the proposed topology and the optimal design. Show more

Keywords: Ferrite magnets, optimization, spoke type motor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162195

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1569-1576, 2016

Authors: Ni, Na | Zhang, Ling | Wang, Yin | Shi, Lixin | Zhang, Chi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Structural health monitoring plays a crucial role in maintaining the long lifespan of large-scale infrastructure. In this paper, a new type of sensing technique for localized structural damage is proposed. This technology can be adopted to measure cracks by using a transparent capacitive sensor. The capacitive sensor is fabricated using a dielectric elastomer with attached stretchable transparent electrodes. The electrodes are ionic conductors. The materials of the sensor are transparent and inexpensive, which make the sensory sheets a feasible application for large surfaces without impeding optical signals. The performance transparency of the sensor is beneficial to visually detect the expansion …of cracks through other non-destructive testing technologies. An experiment was conducted to determine the robustness of the capacitive sensor. Tests on perspex sheet and over-reinforced concrete beam demonstrated the ability of the sensor to detect strains and cracks over the surface that it covered. Show more

Keywords: Capacitive sensor, structure health monitoring, ionic skin

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162215

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1577-1584, 2016

Authors: Suzuki, Junya | Terao, Kyohei | Takao, Hidekuni | Shimokawa, Fusao | Oohira, Fumikazu | Miyagawa, Hayato | Suzuki, Takaaki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We propose a magnetically driven microvalve made of negative photoresist SU-8 containing magnetic pure iron particles as a magnetically driven actuator and valve element. SU-8/Fe composite forms the magnetically driven component using a photolithography and wet etching. The composite valve element made of SU-8/Fe composite in the microchannel is rotated by the external magnetic field of a permanent magnet. The flow reduction ratio of about 44% and the pressure resistance of 4.6 kPa are experimentally measured on the prototype.

Keywords: SU-8/Fe composite, microvalve, magnetic driving

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162186

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1585-1590, 2016

Authors: Nagase, Masae | Kobayashi, Koichiro | Woo, Taeseong | Takiyama, Yoshihiro | Yamazaki, Keita | Sekino, Masaki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Biomagnetic measurements are affected by environmental magnetic noises emitted by various electric systems including trains and elevators. In this study, we measured low-frequency magnetic noise by using a fluxgate magnetometer at a laboratory located in an urban area and analyzed the dominant noise sources during real-world operation of these systems. Additionally, we evaluated the noise reduction effect of a small, magnetically shielded box combined with compensation coils.

Keywords: Environmental magnetic noises, biomagnetic measurement, extremely-low-frequency magnetic noise, magnetically shielded box

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162040

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1591-1598, 2016

Authors: Matsumoto, Takanori | Uchimoto, Tetsuya | Takagi, Toshiyuki | Vertesy, Gabor

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the chill structure in ductile cast iron using the incremental permeability method, focusing on the dependence of chill structure on magnetic properties. The relationship between some parameters of the incremental permeability method and the micro-structure of the matrix (ferrite, pearlite, chill) is discussed. As a result, each area fraction of ferrite, pearlite, and chill can be evaluated by multi-parameter analysis. Then, the hardness of the cast iron samples is estimated based on the discussed incremental permeability parameters.

Keywords: Ductile cast iron, chill structure, incremental permeability method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162106

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1599-1605, 2016

Authors: Murakami, Iwanori | Shimada, Takeru | Kobayashi, Yasuhiro | Mori, Hayato | Ando, Yoshinori

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this report, a stabilization method for a repulsive-type magnetic levitation system using a superconducting magnetic bearing is proposed. A repulsive-type magnetic levitation system can generate a large levitation force. However, this system is unstable since there is no horizontal stabilization and moment of force without control. Incidentally, a high-temperature (high-Tc) superconducting magnetic bearing can always stabilize levitation without control. Moreover, it is possible to cancel the unstable force of repulsive-type magnetic levitation by increasing the rigidity of the high-Tc superconducting bearing. In this study, the unstable force of repulsive-type magnetic levitation was stabilized by combining these two methods. In …addition, the levitation system generated a large levitation force. Show more

Keywords: Stabilization method, repulsive-type magnetic levitation, superconducting magnetic bearing

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162181

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1607-1613, 2016

Authors: Di Barba, Paolo | Mognaschi, Maria Evelina | Bonislawski, Michal | Palka, Ryszard | Paplicki, Piotr | Piotuch, Rafal | Wardach, Marcin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper presents simulation and experimental results of an Electric Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous (ECPMS) machine that offers an extended magnetic field control capability. This makes it suitable for battery electric vehicle drives. Rotor, stator and additional direct current supplied coil of the machine have been analyzed in detail. Control and power supply systems of the machine have been presented. Influence of the additional excitation on the machine performance has also been discussed.

Keywords: Electric vehicles, permanent magnet machines, hybrid excitation, field-weakening, flux control

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162190

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1615-1622, 2016

Authors: Su, Hao | Chen, Ming

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Through the analysis of the J-A model, the metal magnetic memory signal of Δ B (the distance between Br and -Br ) can reflect the fatigue degree, and can be verified by bending fatigue test of 45# steel. The test results show that Δ B has three stages in the fatigue process, which correspond to the entire crack propagation process. By measuring the Δ B values, the fatigue state of the specimen can be evaluated.

Keywords: Metal magnetic memory, J-A model, rotating bending fatigue

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162082

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1623-1628, 2016

Authors: Kobayashi, Futoshi | Kitabayashi, Keiichi | Shimizu, Kai | Nakamoto, Hiroyuki | Kojima, Fumio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The multi-fingered robot hand has much attention in various fields. Many robot hands have been proposed so far. A teleoperation system for the hand/arm robot allows intuitive manipulation of the hand/arm robot. This paper deals with a motion capture system for controlling the hand/arm robot remotely. Here, we use vision and inertial sensors simultaneously in order to detect the position and the posture of an operator's arm and hand.

Keywords: Motion capture, vision, inertial sensor, teleoperation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162140

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1629-1636, 2016

Authors: Kato, Masayuki | Hirata, Katsuhiro | Asai, Yasuyoshi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Linear resonant actuators (LRAs) have been used in a wide range of applications because of their high efficiency. However, the amplitude of LRAs severely decreases when external loads are applied. As a solution to this problem, this paper proposes a disturbance compensation control using sensor-less load estimation. First, we propose a load device which is able to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of an actual LRA mounted on an electric shaver. Next, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed control through measurement using 1-mover LRA and voice coil motor. As a result, measurement using this load device validates the effectiveness of …the proposed control. Show more

Keywords: Linear resonant actuator, load estimation, disturbance, compensation control, load device

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162220

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1637-1646, 2016

Authors: Kobayashi, Masashi | Hirata, Katsuhiro | Kitayama, Fumiya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We propose a new linear oscillatory actuator which converts rotational motion into linear motion using brushed DC motors for Active Control Engine Mounts (ACMs). It was assumed that ACMs using this actuator would be low cost because brushed DC motors can be easily mass produced and the control method has already been established. Finally, we verified the performance of this actuator through FEM analysis, dynamic simulation, and experiments on a prototype.

Keywords: Active control engine mount, linear oscillatory actuator, brushed DC motor, finite element method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162218

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1647-1653, 2016

Authors: Yang, Seung-Ho | Hirata, Katsuhiro | Ota, Tomohiro | Kawase, Yoshihiro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to design a contactless position sensor using coil impedance, the sensitivity and the linearity of impedance characteristics against the displacement are required. It therefore is very important to clarify the factors which affect the performance of position sensor. In this paper, the effects of components (core, coil and shield case) of position sensor on the impedance sensitivity are calculated by means of the experimental design method and the results are reported.

Keywords: Complex magnetic permeability, high sensitivity, position sensor, design of experiments, impedance analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162193

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1655-1663, 2016

Authors: Hyuga, Takahiro | Ishikawa, Naoto | Saito, Yoshifuru | Marinova, Iliana | Ohuch, Manabu | Kojima, Takaharu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Previously we have succeeded in exploiting a new high sensibility eddy current testing (ECT) sensor called the infinite (∞) coil. Operating principle of this ∞ coil is that two adjacent coils constructing the north and south poles alternatively set a zero magnetic potential region and keep the same situation when eddy currents are flowing along the paths in parallel to the exciting coils. If the eddy currents could not flow the paths in parallel to the exciting coil on the test specimen, then a zero magnetic potential region between the two exciting coil moves toward the other position. …This means that a sensing coil located at a mid position of two exciting coil is possible to detect the disturbed magnetic fields, i.e., the defect in the test specimen could be detected from the sensing coil signal. In the present paper, consideration of the practical flat/film ∞ coil design leads to an employment of the two rectangular shape exciting coils. Practical experiments and 3D FEM simulations verify the validity of our practical design policy of the flat/film ∞ coil. Show more

Keywords: Nondestructive testing, ECT, practical design, enhancement of sensor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162163

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1665-1672, 2016

Authors: Nakamoto, Hiroyuki | Matsumoto, Takuya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Human skin has tactile receptors that have different response characteristics. These characteristics are effective for the tactile texture classification. In this paper, we propose a classification method by using a magnetic tactile sensor. The tactile sensor has two sensing elements that detects slow and fast deformations occurred on the surface of itself. We confirm that the output voltages of the sensing elements include frequency characteristics of tactile texture. In addition, a support vector machine classifies tactile textures based on the output voltages.

Keywords: Tactile sensor, GMR, inductor, tactile texture

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162125

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1673-1679, 2016

Authors: Nakamoto, Hiroyuki | Ootaka, Hideo | Hirata, Ichiro | Kobayashi, Futoshi | Kojima, Fumio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We propose a stretchable strain sensor for measurement of distributed strain. The strain sensor is composed of elastic sheets. The elastic modulus of the strain sensor is low. Hence, the strain sensor pasted on human skin or clothes is able to stretch along their shape and stretch. The principle of the strain measurement is a capacitive change based on stretching. In this paper, a distributed strain sensor is proposed. A design of measurement circuit also is described. Experimental results reveal the characteristics of the distributed strain sensor and the effectiveness of the measurement circuit.

Keywords: Strain sensor, distributed strain, flexible sensor, stretchable sensor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162126

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1681-1688, 2016

Authors: Hong, Do-Kwan | Joo, Dae-Suk | Lee, Ji-Young | Woo, Byung-Chul

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The integrated motor propulsor (IMP) is a new unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) propulsion apparatus. The IMP consists of a rim-driven motor, a fluid hydrodynamic bearing, and a propulsor. KERI (Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute) is developing a surface permanent magnet (SPM) type of synchronous motor and a PWM-driven inverter. This system operates at a power density of 50HP (37 kW) at 1,000 rpm and is intended to fit the IMP system. The optimum design of the PMSM for the IMP has been developed successfully considering the pole-slot combination, electric performance, and the noise and vibration characteristics using multi-physics analyses and statistical …design of experiments (DOE). A back-to-back performance test rig was proposed and considered for operation in a water tank. The acoustic field in a water tank of an optimum model was compared with that in an air condition considering the FSI (fluid structure interaction) dynamics. Show more

Keywords: Integrated motor propulsor (IMP), unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), multi-physics analysis, design of experiments (DOE), coupled, analysis, magnetic-forced vibration-acoustic analysis, response surface, methodology (RSM)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162162

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1689-1695, 2016

Authors: Faktorová, Dagmar | Luptáková, Eva

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The article is directed on detection of changes of blood phantom permittivity, which can begin by insertion of substances defining a diseased condition in living organism. It is based on assumption that the structure of the blood phantom is possible to specify analytically more exactly than the structure of blood with more difficulty controllable ingredients in living organism. For that purpose blood phantoms were created ant their permittivity were compared with the permittivity of living organism blood. For that purpose microwave frequencies which are suitable to interact selectively with dielectric substances differing with content of different ingredients on the used …microwave signal. Application methods were adopted in accordance with the kind of the material and the manner of microwave frequencies application. The evaluation methods of the measured values were also used with regard to these values. Show more

Keywords: Permittivity, blood, blood phantom, microwave frequencies, transmission method, reflection method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162179

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1697-1702, 2016

Article Type: Research Article

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 1703-1727, 2016