International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 67, issue 2

Authors: Wang, Shaopeng | Ma, Jinguang | Liu, Chengcheng | Wang, Youhua | Lei, Gang | Guo, Youguang | Zhu, Jianguo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance (PMAREL) machine, the main structure of this machine is quite similar to that of traditional PMAREL machine, and the main difference is that the grain-oriented silicon steel is used to replace some part of the stator teeth. The rolling direction of the grain-oriented silicon steel is along the radial direction of the machine, thus the advantage of higher permeability and higher kneel point in this material can be used to release the flux saturation problem of the traditional non-grain-oriented steel used in the PMAREL machine when the applied current density …is high. Firstly, the structure of both proposed novel and traditional PMAREL machines are optimized and the design parameters are determined. Secondly the electromagnetic and mechanical performance are compared in these two machines which includes the demagnetization analysis, mechanical stress analysis when the rotor at the maximum speed, torque ability, efficiency by using the finite element method (FEM). It can be seen that the problem of stator teeth saturation in the novel PMAREL has been alleviated, and compared with the traditional PMAREL machine, the novel PMAREL has higher efficiency, wider speed range and 7% higher torque ability. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance (PMAREL) machine, grain-oriented silicon steel, optimization, finite element method (FEM)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201619

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 131-140, 2021

Authors: Wang, Liping | Chen, Renwen | Zhang, Yuxiang | Liu, Chuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The response charge of piezoelectric speed sensors using a conventional rectangular cantilever is low, which also causes a low sensitivity in speed measurement. To improve the sensor sensitivity, a piezoelectric speed sensor based on a streamlined piezoelectric cantilever is employed in this paper. Furthermore, a theoretical optimization model of the sensor based on Bernstein polynomial equation is established, and a simulation optimization flow work is also proposed. With method of moving asymptotes (MMA) algorithm, more charge output can be obtained than before. The simulation results show that the optimized sensor can output a voltage of 416 mV and obtain a …sensitivity of 52 mV/m⋅s−1 when the input speed is 8 m/s. As compared with the values of 300 mV and 37.5 mV/m⋅s−1 in the un-optimized case, the improvement in the sensor sensitivity is up to 38%, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method. Show more

Keywords: Piezoelectric, velocity sensor, sensitivity, cantilever

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201629

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 141-152, 2021

Authors: Eldabe, Nabil T. | Abou-zeid, Mohamed Y. | Abosaliem, Adel | Elenna, Ahmed | Hegazy, Nada

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study, the effects of internal heat generation and mixed convection with thermal radiation on peristaltic motion of a non-Newtonian fluid are investigated. The fluid used is third-grade model. The flow is through the gap between two co-axial vertical tubes under the effect of radially varying magnetic field. The outer tube is flexible with sinusoidal deformations. The problem is modulated mathematically by a system of partial differential equations which describes the equations of momentum, heat transfer and nanoparticles concentration which are simplified by using long wave length and low-Reynolds number assumptions. The closed solutions of fluid temperature and nanoparticle …concentration are obtained, and the solution of velocity is obtained by using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The radially varying magnetic field effect on the axial velocity is discussed and it is shown that the increase of magnetic field parameter tends to reduce the fluid flow. Show more

Keywords: Non-Newtonian nanofluid, peristaltic flow, varying magnetic field, heat transfer

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210001

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 153-163, 2021

Authors: Karaçuha, Kamil | Tabatadze, Vasil | Veliyev, Eldar Ismailovich

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study, the cylindrical wave diffraction by double strips with different lengths and boundary conditions are investigated. The scattered fields are found by the Numerical-Analytical Approach. The double-strip structure satisfies integral boundary conditions which are the generalization of Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. The electric field, current distribution, and Total Radar Cross Sections are investigated. The results are compared with other methods and previous findings such as the Method of Moments and Physical Optics. The theoretical and numerical analyses indicate that the fractional order, the position of the line source have tremendous effects on the total-field distributions.

Keywords: Electromagnetic diffraction, fractional boundary condition, fractional double strips, integral boundary condition, line source

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210006

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 165-181, 2021

Authors: Liu, Chengcheng | Liu, Qainyu | Wang, Shaopeng | Wang, Youhua | Lei, Gang | Guo, Youguang | Zhu, Jianguo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel flux switching claw pole machine (FSCPM) with soft magnetic composite (SMC) cores. The proposed FSCPM holds advantages of the conventional flux switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM) and claw pole machine (CPM) with SMC cores. As permanent magnets are installed between the stator claw pole teeth, FSCPM has good flux concentrating ability, and the air gap flux density can be significantly improved. The torque coefficient of FSCPM is relatively high due to the applied claw pole teeth and global winding. FSCPM is mechanically robust because there are no windings or PMs on its rotor. Moreover, the …core loss of FSCPM is relatively low for the SMC material has lower core loss at high frequency compared with silicon steels. The topology and operational principle of FSCPM are explained first. Several main dimensions of the machine are optimized to achieve better performance, based on 3D finite element method (FEM). Furthermore, the rotor skewing technology is adopted to reduce the cogging torque and torque ripple. Show more

Keywords: Flux switching claw pole machine (FSCPM), soft magnetic composite (SMC), flux concentrating, cogging torque, torque ripple

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210009

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 183-203, 2021

Authors: Wei, Mengfei | Zhang, Chi | Chen, Jinhua

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a nonlinear iterative magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model for a novel counter-rotation dual-rotor axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (CRDR-AFPMSM). The proposed machine mainly consists of two rotors with opposite rotation directions, two sets of concentrated windings and a stator core sandwiched in between the two rotors. The model takes into account of the nonlinear characteristics of the saturable permeance in the stator core, and the permeance matrix is updated by an iterative procedure to accurately illustrate its nonlinear feature. The air gap flux density, back electromotive force (EMF) and torque are predicted by the model. Based …on the nonlinear model, the thickness of the stator yoke is determined. All of the results obtained by the proposed model match with finite element analysis (FEA) results closely, thus the validity of the proposed MEC model is verified. Show more

Keywords: Counter-rotation dual-rotor flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (CRDR-AFPMSM), nonlinear magnetic equivalent (MEC), saturable permeance, finite element analysis (FEA)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210012

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 205-221, 2021

Authors: Hu, Xiao | Qiu, Yang | Xu, Qing-Lin | Tian, Jin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents an efficient hybrid method consisting of Lorentz reciprocity theorem, finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method, thin wire model, transmission line (TL) equations and transfer impedance model, which can be utilized to analyze the system-level transient responses of the microstrip antenna system with antenna, metallic enclosures, braided shielded cable, and lumped element, when illuminated by an external electromagnetic pulse (EMP). In order to avoid over-fine mesh generation and repeated modeling of the antenna in multiple simulations, Lorentz reciprocity theorem is employed to extract an equivalent source model of antenna coupling, thereby improving the computational efficiency. Then, the transfer impedance model and …thin wire model are incorporated into the FDTD-TL method efficiently to deal with the back-door coupling through the shielding layer of feeding coaxial cable. Finally, the hybrid FDTD method combined with the extracted equivalent source of antenna coupling is utilized to solve the coupling responses of the whole antenna system. The results of numerical simulation are verified by comparing with the simulation results of CST CS. Then, considering the influence of different incident conditions of external EMP, the characteristics of the coupling response of the system are analyzed. The obtained coupling response information demonstrate that the proposed method is available for further designing electromagnetic protection of the inner circuits of the microstrip antenna system against the impact of external EMP. Show more

Keywords: Lorentz reciprocity theorem, finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD), transmission line (TL) equations, equivalent source model, microstrip antenna system

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210014

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 223-236, 2021

Authors: Sun, Xiaodong | Cai, Feng | Tian, Xiang | Wu, Minkai

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Permanent magnet synchronous hub motors (PMSHMs) have been gradually introduced into the applications of electric vehicles. On this basis, the six-phase motor has the characteristics of high reliability, high power density and low torque ripple. And its fault tolerance is a large advantage compared with the three-phase motor. The multi-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor is redundant due to the number of phases. When the motor fails, it does not have to stop running, merely adjust its control mode and enter the fault-tolerant compensation control algorithm to resume the operation of the system. The FCS-MPC algorithm can replace the cascade structure …in the traditional control and eliminate the modulation module. This makes it have good steady-state performance. The speed response is also improved. It can be combined with multiple control objectives with strong flexibility by simply changing the objective function. The prediction model is compensated. Finally, the experimental results show the effectiveness of this method. Show more

Keywords: Six-phase motor, model predictive control (MPC), fault-tolerant, permanent magnet synchronous hub motors (PMSHMs)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210033

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 237-260, 2021