International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 70, issue 2

Authors: Zhou, Sili | Li, Guoli | Wang, Qunjing | Qian, Zhe | Ye, Qiubo | Xu, Jiazi | Gao, Shihao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A permanent magnet spherical motor (PMSpM) is a representative multiple degree-of-freedom electric apparatus. This paper proposes new analytical models for the PMSpM with stepped cylindrical permanent magnets (PMs). The research is not only to obtain the magnetic field and torque models of the PMSpM but also to yield a potential analytic tool for the spatial magnetic field and torque decomposition. The model decomposition aims to acquire a potential tool for the future research on PMSpM topology optimization and working mechanism. To achieve the two research targets above, the toroidal expansion method is used for magnetic field modeling, and the …finite element method verification and experimental verification are conducted. Then, forces and torques are deduced from the Lorentz force law. In addition, a prototype PMSpM has been produced and the comparison studies of the air-gap flux density and torque among decomposed components are conducted using finite element analysis results and experimental results. It is concluded that the proposed analytical PMSpM models and the model decomposition method are proved. Show more

Keywords: Toroidal expansion, magnetic field modeling, permanent magnet spherical motor, stepped cylindrical permanent magnets, finite element method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210220

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 109-127, 2022

Authors: Wang, Yongchao | Pang, Qishou | Fan, Kuangang | Tan, Wengang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: With the continuous development and innovation in the field of global magnetic levitation technology, the suspended permanent magnet maglev rail transit system has emerged. At present, no mature relevant technical standard references are available in the world. To study the electromagnetic radiation problem of the permanent magnet maglev train system, we use the finite element method to simulate and analyze the Halbach array track of different combinations of suspension modules, and the six-channel high-precision magnetic field test system is used to test and compare the actual engineering magnetic fields. The results show that the permanent magnet magnetic suspension rail transit …system can shield the magnetic energy of the suspension module in the rail beam to reduce the influence of electromagnetic radiation. With the increase in suspension height between the rail and vehicle magnets, the generated magnetic field intensity exhibits a significantly weakening trend. The magnetic field energy of the permanent magnet maglev train is maintained at the centimeter level. Combined with the actual project, the passengers on the train and pedestrians, and residents along the red rail are not affected by the magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet. This paper provides a theoretical basis for resolving people’s concerns about the electromagnetic radiation of maglev trains, and provides important theoretical support for the development of maglev rail transit. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnetic suspension, orbital magnetic field, halbach array orbits, finite element simulation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210218

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 129-147, 2022

Authors: Guo, Liyan | Xiao, Sen | Wu, Shuang | Wang, Huimin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Compared with the surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) motors, the consequent-pole permanent magnet (CPM) motors can obtain the approximate output torque on the basis of saving 30% PM material. However, due to the special arrangement of the CPM motor, its torque ripple is large, which will affect the smooth operation of this kind of motor. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid consequent-pole permanent magnet (HCPM) motor with an auxiliary PM on one side of the iron pole, which can reduce the torque ripple and ensure smooth operation effectively. In order to make the performances of proposed motor better, the Taguchi method …is used to optimize the proposed HCPM motor. Furthermore, the influence rule and the relative importance of each optimization variable on the optimization goal are obtained by the average value analysis and the variance analysis, respectively. According to the above analysis results, the optimized hybrid consequent-pole permanent magnet (OHCPM) motor is obtained. Finally, the performances of SPM motor, CPM motor, and OHCPM motor are compared to verify the validity of the proposed structure. Show more

Keywords: Average torque, consequent-pole permanent magnet motor, hybrid consequent-pole, Taguchi method, torque ripple

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210096

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 149-174, 2022

Authors: AI, Mengmeng | Xu, Ziyi | Liu, Wenhui

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the reliability of traditional double winding permanent magnet wind generator is low when it runs on the sea, and it cannot run normally when the fault occurs, the fault tolerance characteristics of the generator are studied. Taking a 60 kW double winding permanent magnet synchronous wind generator as an example, the finite element method is used to calculate the electromagnetic parameters of the generator under rated load, single winding fault condition and fault-tolerant condition, and the variation characteristics of magnetic density, electromagnetic torque and other electromagnetic parameters under various working conditions including fault-tolerant conditions are determined. …At the same time, the thermal circuit method is used to check the hot spot temperature of the generator under various working conditions to explore the fault tolerance necessity and operation reliability of the dual winding permanent magnet wind turbine. Finally, by building a prototype platform, the rationality of the solution model and the accuracy of the calculation results are verified. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet wind generator, double winding structure, fault tolerant operation analysis, thermal effect analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210156

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 175-195, 2022

Authors: Oliveira, José Mario Alexandre Melo | de Melo, Daniel Felipe Lins Cabral | Silva, Crislane Priscila do Nascimento | de Oliveira, Antônio Jerônimo Belfort | Barbosa, Douglas Contente Pimentel | Gomes, Daniel de Filgueiras | Barboza, Amanda Gomes | de Melo, Marcos Tavares | Kleinau, Bruno Agra | de Almeida, Ricardo José de França Padilha Vieira

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper describes an array of eight Yagi–Uda antennas, a beamforming circuit (BFC) and an antenna control system (ACS), which form a switched smart antenna structure, the principal feature of which is that its main lobe is maximized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, while its side lobes are minimized. The application of the PSO integrated with the 3D electromagnetic simulation software Ansys HFSS has achieved excellent results, and has been validated in practical experiments. The results measured in the open field are in agreement with the simulations and are comparable with the arrangement of the energy distribution concessionaires. …As expected, the gains obtained proved to be greater when the main lobes were pointed toward the objective angles. These characteristics meet the needs of supervisory control systems used by electricity distribution companies, which require high-gain RF communication networks in order to monitor electric switches in a distant area covered by the respective base transceiver stations. The entire setup herein described and tested has performed extremely well, and is certainly a promising approach by which to control the outstations of electricity distribution companies without the need to install additional repeaters. Show more

Keywords: Beamforming circuit, smart antenna, Yagi-Uda, PSO, switched system, remotely controlled

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210116

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 197-212, 2022

Authors: Huang, Xuchen | Li, Yong | Ding, Keqiang | Shen, Yunde

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a novel high speed valve (HSV) actuator with low power consumption. The structure design of tapered armature and control method of double duty ratio pulse width modulation (PWM) are proposed in the HSV actuator to improve steady and transient characteristics. The electric-magneto-mechanical model of the HSV actuator is established and investigated by theoretical analysis. Parameters improvement of the HSV actuator is analyzed by the model, and optimized results for a prototype actuator have been obtained. The experimental and simulation curves agree well with the changing trend, and show that the opening time of the HSV actuator is …7.3 ms, the closing time is 20 ms, and power consumption in maintenance stage is 1.35 W, within the stroke of 2.5 mm. Compared with normal driving method, the proposed structure and method have the advantages of opening time reduced by 37%, closing time reduced by 29%, and steady-state power consumption reduced by 93.5%. The proposed structure and method in the HSV actuator are available to meet the driving requirements of both steady and transient performance in fluid control systems better, especially in power shortage or power supply inconvenient engineering. Show more

Keywords: High speed valve, double duty ratio, pulse width modulation, low power consumption

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210108

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 213-228, 2022