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The aim of the International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics is to contribute to intersciences coupling applied electromagnetics, mechanics and materials. The journal also intends to stimulate the further development of current technology in industry. The main subjects covered by the journal are:
- Physics and mechanics of electromagnetic materials and devices
- Computational electromagnetic in materials and devices
- Applications of electromagnetic fields and forces
The three interrelated key subjects - materials, electromagnetics and mechanics - include the following aspects: control, micromachines, intelligent structure, inverse problem, eddy current analysis, electromagnetic NDE, magnetic materials, magnetoelastic effects in materials, bioelectromagnetics, magnetosolid mechanics, magnetic levitations, applied physics of superconductors, superconducting magnet technology, superconducting propulsion system, nuclear fusion reactor components and wave propagation in electromagnetic fields.
Authors: Kyrgiazoglou, Athanasios | Gerardis, Stefanos | Loizos, Dionisis | Politis, Panagiotis-Avgerinos | Theodoulidis, Theodoros
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Machining technology plays a major role in modern manufacturing industries due to the growing demand for equipment and products for aerospace, automotive, precision machinery sectors etc. A key issue associated with any type of machining operation is the accelerated tool wear which leads to shorter tool life, thus to low machining precision and decreased productivity. In this paper an electromagnetic Non-Destructive Testing method (NDT), and in particular Eddy Current Testing (ECT), is used to detect the wear of used cutting tools vs a new one.
Keywords: Eddy Current Testing, machinery tools, non-destructive evaluation
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230130
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2023
Authors: Tamburrino, Antonello | Sardellitti, Alessandro | Milano, Filippo | Mottola, Vincenzo | Laracca, Marco | Ferrigno, Luigi
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper introduces Buckingham’s 𝜋 theorem in the context of Non-Destructive Testing & Evaluation (NDT&E). Its application leads to easier problems to handle by reducing the number of variables involved. In this sense, dimensional analysis can provide the foundation for in-line, real-time and low-cost inspection methods that are fully compatible with the requirements of the Industry 4.0 and NDE 4.0 paradigms. In order to show the impact of the Buckingham’s 𝜋 theorem in NDT&E, we consider a practical case of interest, i.e. the simultaneous estimation of thickness and electrical conductivity of metallic plates via Eddy Current Testing. An initial numerical …analysis is carried out with the aim to show the metrological performance of the method. The results obtained show that the method combines good accuracy with low computational costs. Show more
Keywords: Dimensional analysis, Buckingham’s 𝜋 theorem, non-destructive testing & evaluation, eddy current testing, multi-parameter simultaneous estimation, thickness estimation, electrical conductivity estimation, NDE 4.0
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230133
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2023
Authors: Reboud, Christophe | Vigneron, Audrey | Skarlatos, Anastassios
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Infrared thermography is an imaging technique that can be used to inspect materials for flaws and various degradations in a non destructive way. In this work, we focused on the use of fast models to recover information about the material properties from experimental measurements recorded over time. Two different modelling approaches are compared to each other and to experimental data acquired on a composite plate. Then, the model based inverse problem consisting in estimating the plate properties is discussed.
Keywords: Infrared thermography, composite material, plate thinning
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230170
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2023
Authors: A.R., Arjun | Sasi, B. | Kumar, Anish
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Eddy current measurements are prone to edge effects when measurements are carried out near a sample boundary. In order to reduce these edge effects, typically ferrite shields are used which constrain the magnetic field within the shield volume. However, their effects on sensitivity towards changes in conductivity for Sweep Frequency Eddy Current (SFEC) measurements have not been investigated. A 2D axisymmetric Finite Element Model (FEM) has been developed to predict the frequency response of impedance of SFEC probes. The model predicted that the addition of shields minimized edge effect but with reduced sensitivity. A simulation study is carried out to …optimize the probe design to increase the sensitivity of shielded ferrite probes. Based on these results, a probe is constructed with a custom ferrite shield and its shielding efficiency and probe sensitivity are compared experimentally with those for the probe with conventional ferrite shields. Show more
Keywords: Sweep Frequency Eddy Current Testing, Finite Element Model, edge effect, probe design optimization and sensitivity
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230138
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2023
Authors: Wu, Tong | Wang, Yuanyuan | Li, Xiaoguang | Tao, Yu | Ye, Chaofeng
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The reliability of thimble tubes plays a critical role for maintaining the safety of a nuclear power plant. The defect depth needs to be quantified and predicted to support the operational decision-making. This paper presents a method to quantify the defects on thimble tube wall based on the analyzation of eddy current testing (ECT) data. Then, a method using artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the detect depth is studied. The tubes are divided into 2 shapes and four regions according to their positions and the data of each region and each shape is expanded by mean interpolation. A prediction …model based on ANN is constructed for each shape in each region. The experimental results show that the model can predict the signal of the next year according to the signal of the previous three years with mean absolute percentage error less than 16%. Show more
Keywords: Thimble tube, eddy current testing, artificial neural network, quantification, prediction
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230132
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2023
Authors: Park, Won-Kwang
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Several researches have confirmed the possibility of localizing small anomalies via Kirchhoff migration (KM); however, when the background information is unknown, small anomalies cannot be satisfactorily retrieved. This fact can be examined through the simulation results; however, related theoretical result to explain the reason of such phenomenon has not yet been investigated. In this contribution, we show that the imaging function of the KM can be expressed by an infinite series of the Bessel function of the first kind, material properties, and antenna arrangement, and applied alternative value of the background wavenumber. Based on the theoretical result, we explain why …the exact location and shape of anomalies cannot be retrieved. The simulation results with synthetic data exhibited to support the theoretical result. Show more
Keywords: Kirchhoff migration, scattering matrix, background information, microwave imaging, simulation results
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230113
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2023
Authors: Bouali, Ferroudja | Mohellebi, Hassane
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The present work concerns the study of the effect of variation of the thickness of 2D cylindrical test-piece and lift-off (the air gap between the sensor and the test-piece) on the sensor response in case of transient source current. The coupled circuit’s method employed is based on the mutual’s inductances calculation and with the association to Kirchhoff laws it yields to a transient algebraic equations system which is solved at each time step. The method is applied to the study of the pulsed eddy currents in cylindrical and axisymmetric device with electrical conductivity and geometrical dimensions variations.
Keywords: Coupled electric circuits, pulsed eddy current, non destructive testing and evaluation, geometry and physical properties, lift-off
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230141
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2023
Authors: Stamou, Georgia | Angelopoulos, Spyridon | Hristoforou, Evangelos
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper presents a portable device based on an Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR) sensor for Steel Health Monitoring. The system operates by detecting magnetic anomalies in ferromagnetic materials caused by strain, corrosion, etc. This sensor can have various applications in the transportation, building, and aerospace fields for safety and maintenance monitoring of ferromagnetic materials. In this work, a low-cost device, that combines a high-sensitivity AMR sensor, a microcontroller, and supporting electronics has been designed and implemented. This sensor allows the contactless measurement of the magnetic flux density along three axes, when placed above the material under test, while the microcontroller and …the required electronics enable real-time analysis and monitoring of measurements. In order to house and protect the sensor under various circumstances, a 3D-printed enclosure has also been created. This device can be used along with rehabilitation techniques for treatment of defective areas of an under-test material. Its versatility allows it to be employed in a variety of testing conditions for both single-point and scanning mode monitoring. The device’s portability, ease of use and applicability to on-site measurements make it accessible to a wide range of users, requiring only a personal computer to display the measurements. Finally, measurements are presented to prove the device’s accuracy for steel health monitoring. Show more
Keywords: Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR), magnetic sensor, steel heath monitoring, microcontroller, magnetic anomaly detection
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230137
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2023
Authors: Baskaran, Prashanth | Ramos, Helena Geirinhas | Ribeiro, Artur Lopes
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Probability of Detection (PoD) models, in general, take into consideration one or multiple flaw parameters such as its length, maximum depth, and/or maximum surface area, and one flaw signal. However, due to correlation between the response signals, it might be necessary to consider multiple flaw response signals simultaneously. Hence, in this work, we demonstrate the possibility of including multiple correlated flaw signals, features, towards the construction of a PoD curve. The flaw features considered are the 3 components of the magnetic flux density. This is a simulation based PoD estimation for a narrow opening notch type flaw located in the …sub-surface of a two-layer geometry. The inspection is carried out by an uniform eddy current probe that induces a spatially uniform fields into the conducting space, around the region of interest. The analysis was performed using the semi-analytical boundary element method (BEM). Show more
Keywords: Boundary element method (BEM), electric dipoles, magnetic-electric Green’s functions, Probability of Detection (PoD)
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230134
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2023
Authors: Mendi-Altube, Amaiur | Villar, Irma | Carretero, Claudio | Acero, Jesús
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper describes the procedure of electromagnetic and thermal modeling of an induction hardening load of 42CrMo4 steel. In addition to the temperature and field level dependent physical properties of the material, the magnetic behavior of the load is captured by means of some kind of non-linear impedance boundary condition which simplifies the computational cost of the simulation. The numerical results show the critical behavior around Curie temperature. Finally, a comparison between several simulation results and experimental measurements are provided to assess the usefulness of the proposed electro-thermal simulation.
Keywords: Induction heating, non-linear load, electro-thermal model, finite elements
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230182
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
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