International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Yang, Chaojun | Zheng, Shaoqing | Peng, Zhizhuo | Zhu, Jiwei | Ding, Yifei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a steady-state and dynamic response model is proposed to predict the working characteristics of the electromechanical transmission system including eddy-current magnetic couplers. Considering the influence of mechanical characteristics of motor and load device on the performance of eddy-current magnetic couplers, the system is divided into input and output for kinematic analysis. The expressions of electromagnetic torque versus speed are obtained through layer analysis of the eddy-current magnetic coupler during steady-state and then, the dynamic response model of the system is established by combining the kinematic analysis with the motor, the eddy-current magnetic coupler and three typical loads …(constant torque load, quadratic rate load and constant power load). The dynamic characteristics during starting and speed-regulation of the system under constant torque loads are analyzed using the proposed model. The variations of the torque and speed with time of input and output are calculated by numerical integration. Finally, the speed and torque during starting and speed-regulation computed with the dynamic response model are compared with those obtained from the experimental results. The result shows a good agreement. Show more

Keywords: Electromechanical transmission system, eddy-current magnetic couplers, a steady-state and dynamic response, working characteristics, mechanical characteristic, kinematic analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230111

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-22, 2024

Authors: Fan, Xinyu | Zhu, Yanbing

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The composite electromagnetic linear actuator features a co-axial integrated design that merges the moving coil and moving iron actuator types. This design leads to significant interactions among electrical, magnetic, and thermal fields during operation, which in turn affect energy consumption and temperature increases. To further improve the material utilization rate of the actuator and optimize its comprehensive performance, such as force density and temperature rise, a multi-physical field collaborative optimization method was proposed. First, the energy consumption and temperature rise mechanisms of the actuator were analyzed. The bidirectional coupling relationships of multi-physical fields during its operation are studied. Simulations and …experiments were conducted to establish the rules governing the spatiotemporal evolution of energy consumption and temperature fluctuations under standard operational conditions. Based on this, a system-level collaborative optimization model for the actuator was established. Sensitivity analysis helped segregate the design variables into system-level and independent categories. Subsequently, using a multi-objective genetic algorithm, the optimal parameter settings were determined. The optimization results revealed that the force constant of the main driving components increased by 5.4%, and the average temperature of the coil decreased by 6.3%; additionally, the starting force of auxiliary components increased by 2.3%, and the temperature of the yoke decreased by 0.8%. Show more

Keywords: Composite electromagnetic linear actuator, multi-physical field, collaborative optimization, temperature rise characteristics

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230428

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-21, 2024

Authors: Yin, Shuli | Sato, Kazuki | Ito, Yuki | Ota, Hiroaki | Otomo, Yoshitsugu | Igarashi, Hajime

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: An automatic design optimization of a wireless power transfer system is performed using Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS). Several key factors, i.e., the compensation network, shapes and geometrical parameters of the coils are determined after searches, in order to achieve the high transfer efficiencies for coaxial aligned and misaligned cases. The improved Selection policy in MCTS, called first play urgency (FPU), is implemented for optimization. It proves to be a more promising technique for finding optimal solutions when the searching volume is limited, compared with the original MCTS with using the upper confidence bound applies to tree (UCB1).

Keywords: First play urgency, Monte Carlo tree search, optimal design, wireless power transfer systems

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230220

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024

Authors: Lv, Pin | Wang, Kaixuan | Su, Xunwen | Zhai, Yuelin | Cheng, Lushuai | Wang, Haoming

Article Type: Addendum

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-249001

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-1, 2024

Authors: Guo, Liyan | Sun, Zihan | Yang, Wenqian | Wang, Huimin | Li, Xinmin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMSRM) has been widely used in many fields due to their advantages of less permanent magnets and low cost. However, the permanent magnet torque and reluctance torque of the traditional PMSRM reach their maximum values at different current angles. Therefore, the utilization ratio of the total torque to each torque component is low, which leads to the low power density of the PMSRM. To solve this problem, a new rotor structure suitable for PMSRM is proposed in this paper. The rotor can improve the total torque by increasing the maximum value of permanent magnet torque …and the utilization rate of total torque to each torque component. Thus, the power density of the motor is effectively improved. In order to realize the matching design of each parameter in the proposed rotor structure, the Taguchi method is used to optimize the design, and the influence of each optimization variable on torque and torque ripple is analyzed. The finite element simulation analysis method is used to establish the electromagnetic simulation model of the traditional structure, the new structure proposed and the optimized structure of the new structure by Maxwell simulation software. The simulation results show that the proposed new rotor structure not only effectively improves the torque density, but also effectively reduces the torque ripple. Show more

Keywords: PMSRM, power density, asymmetric rotor, finite element method, Taguchi method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220262

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024

Authors: Ke, Zhihao | Yi, Huiyang | Zhang, Penghui | Feng, Yuexin | Liang, Le | Deng, Zigang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A model predictive control (MPC) method based on Q-learning algorithm, named QMPC, is proposed for weakly damped, nonlinear and open-loop unstable magnetic levitation platform (MLP) systems. In addition, the design of MPC controller for the MLP system, the state space of the MLP system airgap, the action space of the predictive horizon and control horizon, the reward and punishment function are also included in this research. Based on the Simscape and MATLAB/Simulink, the joint simulation of the MLP control system is realized. Compared with PID controller and traditional MPC controller, the simulation results show that QMPC controller has better disturbance …rejection ability and tracking performance under six working conditions. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic levitation platform, Q-learning algorithm, model predictive control, disturbance rejection ability, tracking performance

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-240003

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-24, 2024

Authors: Zhao, Shuai | Xu, Xinjun | Bi, Yaxuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Taking the surface profile of C45 steel grinding as the research object, a two-dimensional finite element contact model of rough surface and smooth rigid surface was established by using ANSYS software, and the stress distribution characteristics and rules of contact surface were analyzed under 0–10 MPa normal load. On this basis, the force-magnetic coupling model was established by using ANSYS APDL language. Furthermore, the influence of stress under on leakage magnetic field of contact surface under different load conditions was studied. The results indicated that according to the zero-crossing point of the normal component of the leakage magnetic field or the …extreme point of the tangential component, the number of stress concentrations on the contact surface and the stress level of the corresponding area can be effectively determined. This innovative approach offers valuable insights for future studies on surface contact stress distribution between components. Show more

Keywords: Rough surface, surface contact property, finite element method, stress-magnetization effect

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230407

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Ahmed, Mohamed Essam | Merino, Inigo Garcia de Madinabeitia | Mehrgou, Mehdi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The development of electric vehicles (EVs) presents the challenge of optimising electric machines to enhance efficiency, compactness, noise, vibration, harshness (NVH), and affordability, while reducing the dependence on heavy rare-earth materials to reduce the CO2 footprint of electric powertrains. This paper introduces a comprehensive optimization approach for the electromagnetic design of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), employing a combination of Design of Experiment (DoE) and Robust Neural Networks (RNN). The optimization framework is utilised to comprehensively address the multiple objectives of an electric machine, including efficiency, noise, vibration, harshness (NVH), and cost. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven modelling …has resulted in significant performance improvements, achieving up to 96% total efficiency over the entire load cycle with substantial NVH reductions of up to 20 dB, while reducing the magnet rare earth materials by 35% compared to the baseline. Furthermore, this methodology reduces the simulation time by up to 90%, demonstrating the potential of combining neural network optimization with conventional finite element simulation techniques. The validation of the AI-driven optimization approach with the measurement of the baseline and optimised electric machines for efficiency and vibration is demonstrated for correlation. Show more

Keywords: Electric machines, electromagnetic optimization and modelling, design of experiment optimization, neural network-modelling, multi-objective and multi-physics optimization, topology optimization, robustness and sensitivity analysis, electric drive, E-machine efficiency, noise, vibration and harshness (NVH), electromagnetic finite element modelling

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230210

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024

Authors: Wang, Zongfan | Wang, Yijin | Fan, Shewei | Li, Lei | Yang, Guolai | Wang, Liqun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper conducts the structural design and a fuzzy PID control for the hybrid excitation eddy current recoil absorber (HE-ECRA) aimed at mitigating the impact of instantaneous intensive load on the artillery mount. Firstly, a structurally simpler HE-ECRA is designed to replace the traditional hydraulic recoil absorber. It not only circumvents issues such as liquid leakage and maintenance difficulties associated with the traditional hydraulic structure but also enables real-time control of resistance. Subsequently, equivalent subdomain (analytical) and finite element models are established for the HE-ECRA. By inputting the artillery launch load, the operational performance, as well as the relationship between …structural parameters and the resistance law, are investigated. Finally, a stable resistance control method for the HE-ECRA based on a fuzzy PID strategy is proposed. A co-simulation platform was developed to facilitate bidirectional dynamic data transmission between the recoil motion parameters and excitation current. The research indicates that the controlled HE-ECRA can mitigate the ’saddle’ effect, enhance the stability of recoil resistance, and reduce the impact effect of launch load on the artillery mount. This paper provides a universal buffering solution for structures subjected to transient high-impact loads and offers a feasible method for real-time resistance control. Show more

Keywords: Hybrid excitation, eddy current recoil absorber, equivalent subdomain model, electromagnetic damping force, fuzzy PID control

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-240010

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-22, 2024

Authors: Zhao, Tong | Li, Desheng | Li, Zequn | Wang, Bin | Ye, Lezhi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a novel embedded double air gap electromagnetic hydraulic composite retarder (ED-EHR) is proposed. It has the advantage of high braking torque in the full-speed range compared with existing eddy current retarder, hydraulic retarder and electromagnetic hydraulic composite retarder (EHR) of the same size. However, the ED-EHR has the problem of mismatch between electric excitation and braking torque, i.e., the electric excitation is too large. In order to solve this problem, a multi-objective optimization design of the electromagnetic model (ED-EHR-E) of the ED-EHR is carried out with the objectives of minimum electrical excitation and maximum braking torque. Firstly, …the working principle of the ED-EHR is introduced. Secondly, a multi-objective optimization method (FKNG-II) combining the full factorial design of experiment, the Kriging surrogate model (KSM), and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is established for the ED-EHR-E. Finally, the optimized the finite element analysis (FEA) results are compared with the FEA results and the experimental results of the initial design prototype. The results show that the optimized electrical excitation is reduced by about 29%, and the braking torque of the electromagnetic part is increased by 3%–16% in the full speed range. And the braking torque of the hydraulic part is increased by 10% by the optimization. In addition, the advantages of the ED-EHR are validated by comparison with the EHR. Show more

Keywords: Electromagnetic-hydraulic composite retarder, multi-objective optimization, pareto front solutions, 3-D finite element method (3D-FEM), experiment

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230260

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-20, 2024