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The aim of the International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics is to contribute to intersciences coupling applied electromagnetics, mechanics and materials. The journal also intends to stimulate the further development of current technology in industry. The main subjects covered by the journal are:
- Physics and mechanics of electromagnetic materials and devices
- Computational electromagnetic in materials and devices
- Applications of electromagnetic fields and forces
The three interrelated key subjects - materials, electromagnetics and mechanics - include the following aspects: control, micromachines, intelligent structure, inverse problem, eddy current analysis, electromagnetic NDE, magnetic materials, magnetoelastic effects in materials, bioelectromagnetics, magnetosolid mechanics, magnetic levitations, applied physics of superconductors, superconducting magnet technology, superconducting propulsion system, nuclear fusion reactor components and wave propagation in electromagnetic fields.
Authors: Desenfans, Philip | Gong, Zifeng | Vanoost, Dries | Gryllias, Konstantinos | Boydens, Jeroen | De Gersem, Herbert | Pissoort, Davy
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This work compares three nonlinear solution methods for the performance of an induction motor’s magnetic equivalent circuit model with magnetic saturation. The interrelation between magnetic flux density and permeability introduces nonlinearities in the differential system of equations. Three popular nonlinear solution methods are selected for comparison, namely (i) the Gauss–Seidel method, (ii) the Newton–Raphson method and (iii) the inverse Broyden’s method. While all three methods have been applied in this context before, no comparison study has been published to the authors’ best knowledge. The study finds that the inverse Broyden’s method is most performant in terms of the number of …required iterations, the computation time per iteration and the resulting total computation time. However, for substantial saturation levels, the authors recommend a hybrid implementation of multiple solution methods to obtain robust and reliable convergence. Show more
Keywords: Magnetic equivalent circuit, nonlinear, induction motor, saturation, Gauss–Seidel, Newton–Raphson, inverse Broyden
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230237
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Yu, Caofeng | Yang, Kun | Peng, Jingjing | Wei, Yijun | Shen, Gang | Li, Baokun
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: A coaxially integrated macro-micro composite actuator (MMCA) with large stroke and high accuracy is proposed by combining a voice coil motor (VCM) with the giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA). The magnetic circuit model of the macro-motion part is established based on the driving principle of VCM, and the multi-field coupling model of the micro-motion part is established based on the Jiles-Atherton model. The finite element method was used to analyze the relationship between displacement, output force, velocity, acceleration, and time of the macro-motion part under different currents, the magnetic flux density, output force, and displacement curves of the micro-motion part, and …the mutual influence between the macro and micro motion parts were analyzed. The prototype of the MMCA was developed, and an experimental test platform was built. The results show that the MMCA macro-motion displacement curve can fit the simulation curve well during open-loop positioning, and when the current size of the input macro-motion coil is 4 A, the experimental curve of the MMCA is the most consistent with the simulation curve. When closed-loop control, the motion curve of the drive can well follow the set displacement curve, in which the maximum stroke of the prototype developed is 50 mm, the positioning error of the macro-motion part is less than 20 μm, the maximum stroke of the micro-motion part is 40 μm, and the overall positioning accuracy of the MMCA is 0.14 μm. The research results provide a new idea and theoretical basis for further optimization and development of precision positioning platform with high precision and large stroke. Show more
Keywords: Finite element analysis, macro-micro composite actuator, positioning accuracy, precision motion workbench
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230236
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-20, 2024
Authors: Abdi, Ammar | Barakat, Georges | Ouazir, Youcef | Amara, Yacine
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: In this work, a 3D analytical magnetic model based on hybridation of the sub-domain’s method and the image’s theory to compute magnetic field and translational motion eddy current in the conducting plate of the Halbach permanent magnet induction heater planar topology is developed. The main objective is to remedy the problem of the transverse edge effect, and hence improving the efficiency of analytical model and the accuracy of results. The developed model also allows fast and precise simulations of 3D magnetic phenomena, and presents an important reduction in computation time compared to 3D finite element simulations.
Keywords: Eddy currents, 3D analytical solution, permanent magnet, induction heating, transverse edge effect, Halbach arrangement
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230256
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Yang, Guangxin | Pan, Jiabao | Wang, Daoming
Article Type: Review Article
Abstract: Magnetorheological materials refer to field-response smart materials whose properties are controllable with a magnetic field, including fluid, grease, elastomer, and gel. The unique magnetorheological effect exhibited by these smart materials is a physical phenomenon where physics and engineering intersect and has extensive application prospects in modern machinery. In electro-mechanical systems, magnetorheological materials offer a superior design method for mechanical devices used in the fields of transmission, damping, and braking. It is important to control the magnetorheological materials for advancing the design philosophy of modern electro-mechanical devices. Hence, this paper presents a recent progressive review on the fundamentals of magnetorheological materials …and numerous applications. Firstly, an introduction to the magnetorheological effect and different types of magnetorheological materials are presented in this review. Then, the individual and coupled effects of sedimentation, temperature, and magnetic field on magnetorheological materials are discussed. Finally, magnetorheological materials-based devices have been extensively reviewed, including actuator, clutch, damper, brake, pump, valve, and robot, thus aiming to provide useful information for facilitating the design of complex electro-mechanical systems. Show more
Keywords: Magnetorheological materials, magnetorheological effect, stability, reliability
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230195
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-37, 2024
Authors: Boukhenoufa, Farouk | Ikhlef, Nabil | Aomar, Lyes | Hacib, Tarik
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Toroidal transformers are designed using a circular core instead of the traditional laminated rectangular core, which reduces inductance losses and increases efficiency. The primary goal of this study is to understand the cooling mechanisms involved in electrical transformers, which are critical components in power systems. Steady electromagnetic, fluid flow and temperature equations are simultaneously solved (direct method) using the finite elements method FEM of a shielded toroidal transformer. The paper focuses on creating a direct-coupled model (DCM) to understand the processes involved in electrical transformers cooling, using Magneto-AeroDynamic (MAD) models. The nonlinear models developed will be implemented and validated in …this parametric study for different inlet velocities and the number of outlet. Transformers generate heat during operation, and it’s important to control the temperature to prevent overheating and ensure reliable operation. Show more
Keywords: Shielded toroidal transformer, magneto-aerodynamic, direct-coupled model (DCM), parametric study
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230243
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Pauli, Florian | Hafner, Martin | Hameyer, Kay
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The accurate and time-saving prediction of essential machine variables (output power, torque, and efficiency) is crucial for manufacturers offering a wide power range of induction machines. Many motor variants are typically produced by axially scaling and rewinding the machine. Rescaling procedures of electromagnetic models of induction machines are in everyday use and well known. However, while a high accuracy can be achieved by rescaling in theory, more significant deviations between simulated and measured output parameters of the realized scaled device occur in praxis. These deviations can mainly be attributed to the faulty separation of effects in the distinct machine components, …such as the rotor, stator, and bearings. This paper introduces an optimization-aided modeling approach based on the induction machine’s simple equivalent circuit representation. The method is validated by measurement data obtained from many induction machines with various axial lengths and winding configurations. Show more
Keywords: Induction machine, scaling
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230216
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Witczak, Pawel | Osinski, Piotr
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The article discusses the impact of reactive power load on additional power losses in a high-power transformer operating at a VAr static compensation station. The presence of an almost pure capacitive load on the secondary side together with the thyristor switches is the cause of high-frequency components in the phase currents. The additional effect of electrical resonance between the transformer inductance and the load capacitance is also taken into account. The analysis is achieved using a three-dimensional finite element approach.
Keywords: Power transformer, capacitance load, eddy currents, power losses, finite element method
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230202
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Bensehila, Aissa | Bouzidi, Athmane | Takorabet, Noureddine | Ristagno, Baptiste
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper presents a parametric study of linear induction motor for design purpose. The chosen mathematical model uses a 2D formulation with magnetic vector potential A. The implementation of the model is carried out with the finite element method on the free platform Gmsh-GetDP. Circuit model is coupled to FE model so that constant voltage supply mode can be considered. This work aims to highlight the effect of the pole pair number on the characteristics and the performances of the linear induction machine through two numerical models associated to an analytical one. Furthermore, the study shows the effect of the …pole pair number on the phase imbalance and the spatial harmonic spectrum of the machine. Reducing this imbalance and higher order harmonics presence will increase machine performances. Show more
Keywords: Linear induction motor, phases imbalance, space harmonics, analytical models, FEM, EEC, pole pair number
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230244
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Heya, Akira | Inoue, Tsuyoshi
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Liquid hydrogen turbopumps are used in large high-performance rockets. Stable high-speed rotation is required for rocket turbopumps. The damping mechanism of the pump must suppress vibration not only in the radial direction but also in the axial direction. However, conventional damping elements using oil or rubber cannot be used due to the cryogenic temperature of liquid hydrogen. Therefore, the application of eddy current dampers to liquid hydrogen turbopumps is focused on in this paper. Although various structures of eddy current dampers have been developed, the multi-degree-of-freedom damping characteristics of dual Halbach array type eddy current dampers for liquid hydrogen turbopumps …have not yet been investigated. The variation of damping characteristics with temperature has also not yet been verified. In this paper, we propose a novel dual Halbach array type eddy current damper for liquid hydrogen turbopumps. The proposed damper can generate high damping force and can be operated maintenance-free at the cryogenic temperature. The analysis results show that the damping characteristics strongly depend on temperature and that the amplitude reduction effect is greater at low temperatures. It was also found that the proposed damper has a higher damping force density than conventional dampers. Show more
Keywords: Eddy current damper, magnetic damper, dual Halbach array, cryogenic environment, turbopump
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230258
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Sato, Daisuke | Kitagawa, Wataru | Takeshita, Takaharu
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper proposes a method to reduce torque ripple in axial gap motors by multi objective optimization of permanent magnets (PMs) shape using genetic algorithm (GA). Torque ripple is a problem because it causes vibration and noise. Conventionally, torque ripple has been reduced by quantitatively designing the PMs in the shape of multiplicative wave. However, it is difficult to optimize the objective function only by quantitative evaluation through sensitivity analysis. Therefore, in this study, the functions constituting the PMs interface shape are expressed as a Fourier-based series. The PMs is optimized by optimizing combination of their coefficients with GA. As …a result, the proposed model is almost equal to the average torque of the basic model and the torque ripple is significantly reduced. Furthermore, fillets are applied and the effect on each characteristic is verified. Show more
Keywords: Axial gap motor, torque ripple, genetic algorithm, magnet shape, Fourier-based series
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230229
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
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