International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Sriwannarat, Warat | Fernando, Nuwantha | Seangwong, Pattasad | Siritaratiwat, Apirat | Khunkitti, Pirat

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Machine ratio adaptation of a dual-PM modular doubly salient permanent magnet machine (DPM-DSPM) was proposed to improve the torque characteristics. An optimization design process was examined. Essential machine indicators were investigated to obtain an optimal machine ratio. It was found that p = 4 and a 0.8 rotor pole width ratio of the DPM-DSPM produced the best essential machine indicator that provided the appropriate magnetic flux path and high flux regulation quality. Then, the DPM-DSPM with an optimal machine ratio was investigated based on open-circuit and on-load tests and then compared to a reviewed DPM-DSPM. The results, based on 2-D …finite element analysis, verified that the optimal proposed DPM-DSPM had better torque characteristics. In particular, the optimal proposed structure produced 35.04% higher electromagnetic torque with 61.75% lower ripple torque than the review structure. Therefore, an optimal machine ratio for a DPM-DSPM can be beneficial in solving industrial machine problems, especially noise reduction from vibration. Show more

Keywords: Machine ratio, split ratio, rotor pole width ratio, dual-PM modular, doubly salient permanent magnet machine

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220047

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2023

Authors: Di, Chong | Bao, Xiaohua | Pan, Jin | Wang, Chunyu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A comprehensive study of a ferrite magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine (FMaSynRM) for the forklift applications by using open-source platform is introduced in detail in this paper including both modelling and electromagnetic design aspects. On the electromagnetism modelling side, this paper uses Elmer as the core and combines other open-source packages covering the preprocessing, solving, and postprocessing sections to build the finite element model of the FMaSynRM. On the electromagnetic design side of the FMaSynRM, this paper mainly discusses the single-double layer winding arrangement, rotor topology, and demagnetization performance. And the power, efficiency, and current maps of the finalized machine …at different speeds and loads are estimated by the finite element method (FEM) using the open-source platform, which takes different control logics into consideration. Finally, the predicted results by FEM are verified by the tested results. The modelling method by using open-source platform and design procedure of the FMaSynRM presented in this paper can also be used in the design of other electrical machine types in the adjustable speed applications. Show more

Keywords: Open-source platform, finite element method (FEM), ferrite magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine (FMaSynRM), single-double layer winding

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220086

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-21, 2023

Authors: Liang, Shimin | Yang, Guolai | Al-Zahrani, Ahmed | Li, Lei

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: As a new type of permanent magnet arrangement in the eddy current brake (ECB), the Halbach array is gradually gaining attention thanks to its excellent magnetic field utilization. However, the absence of an accurate theoretical model causes great distress in the design phase of the ECB. To tackle this, this article establishes a subdomain model that can intuitively observe the influence of structural and material parameters on the magnetic field and eddy current braking force. The accuracy of the analytical model is verified by the finite element method (FEM). The calculation results show that the eddy current braking force is …the largest when the relative velocity of the primary and secondary reaches the critical velocity value. The recoil equation of motion is introduced to analyze the change law of the braking force under intensive impact load. A small prototype impact test platform was set up to analyze the change of braking characteristics of the ECB under the impact load. To reduce the weight of the ECB, the multi-objective optimization of the ECB parameters is carried out. The vital structural mass of the ECB is reduced by 19.44% while meeting the recoil requirements. Show more

Keywords: Eddy current brake, subdomain model, braking force, intensive impact load, multi-objective optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220138

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-21, 2023

Authors: Wu, Jie | Deng, Bingbing | Huang, Hao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper studies on the permanent magnets configuration on the transmission torque of the multi-pole bilayer magnetorheological (MR) coupling. Based on the electromagnetic field theory, the magnetic circuit models of traditional permanent magnet array (TPMA) and Halbach permanent magnet array (HPMA) are established, and the magnetic flux density within the MR fluid working gaps has been derived in order to evaluate the merits of the designed MR coupling. A 3D FE magnetic-fluid analysis has been necessary following the initial conceptual analysis, in order to study the influence of key parameters on the transmission torque. The results show that the transmission …torque of the MR coupling with Halbach permanent magnet array is 33.45% higher than that of the ordinary permanent magnet array, with a same structure size. For the MR coupling with Halbach permanent magnet array, the unilateral magnetic focusing effect is better with the increase of the residual flux density of the secondary magnetic pole as well as the radial length of magnetic pole. And the single side magnetic focusing effect is the best when the main magnetic pole is 15°. The influence of the magnetic pole angle on the transmission torque has been further studied. Show more

Keywords: Multi-pole bilayer magnetorheological (MR) coupling, traditional permanent magnet array (TPMA), Halbach permanent magnet array (HPMA), permanent magnet, transmission torque

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220227

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2023

Authors: Liu, Xin | Zhang, Yuting | Wang, Xiaoyuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Permanent magnet toroidal motor (PMTM) is a novel spatial motor that integrates toroidal drive system and permanent magnet synchronous motor. The unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) with planet rotor eccentricity is the main cause of vibration in PMTM. In this paper, the analytical model of magnetic field with planet rotor eccentricity is established with the consideration of magnetic flux leakage. The calculation results of eccentric magnetic fields are compared with simulation results of finite element model. Based on the Maxwell tensor method, the analytical model of UMP with planet rotor eccentricity is established. The changes of UMP with initial eccentricity are …obtained. The UMP is analyzed with the effects of eccentric distance and angle. The transient variations of UMP are discussed with different eccentric situations respectively. In addition, both simulation and calculation results for UMP have a good agreement, which verifies the validity of analytical model. Show more

Keywords: Toroidal motor, rotor eccentricity, magnetic field, UMP

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220025

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2023

Authors: Fan, Xinyu | Xie, Chengzhi | Zhu, Zhibing | Li, Yang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As an important actuator component, the electromagnetic linear actuator has a significant impact on the performance of fully flexible variable valve trains. Aiming at the shortcomings of the conventional moving coil electromagnetic linear actuator (MCELA) with low force density and insufficient end-passive self-holding ability, a novel compound electromagnetic linear actuator (CELA) integrating the advantages of MCELA and the moving iron electromagnetic linear actuator (MIELA) was proposed in this work. The CELA has two operating modes, including single drive mode and cooperative drive mode, and its loss variation is different from that of the single MCELA or MIELA. Firstly, the current …and displacement curves under different operating modes were obtained through experiments, which were then used as the excitation source to quantitatively analyze the copper and iron losses under different working conditions by means of 3D finite element simulation. The loss distribution and ratio of CELA under typical operating conditions were discussed in detail. The effects of stroke and valve opening duration on CELA losses were analyzed. The results show that there are significant differences in the loss variation rules between the two operating modes, the losses increase as the working stroke increases in single drive mode. In the cooperative drive mode, the losses are much greater than in the single drive mode, with the losses decreasing in the initial stage and then increasing as the stroke increases. None of the valve opening durations had a significant effect on losses. This study provides a reference for loss studies of other novel electromagnetic linear actuators. Show more

Keywords: Compound electromagnetic linear actuator, loss distribution, iron loss, operation mode

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220185

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2023

Authors: Kamel, Noureldeen M. | Faried, Andrew M. | Shehata, Omar M. | Hammad, S. | Farhoud, Saleh M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper discusses Design, Implementation and Control of Series Elastic Actuator (SEA). This model was mainly dependent on usage of mechanical off-shelf components which are weigh cheaper to purchasable models developed by companies. For an appropriate performance-to-cost component selection, cost-constrained design requires careful evaluation of important performance criteria. In addition, we used These models to create force and position tracking controllers that combine PID and disturbance observer control architectures model and practical based. SEA can be used as a compliant actuator, We have been keen to utilize a collaborative robot and tackle the safety issues that arise when robots and …humans interact as well as the cost issue. As a result, The goal of this study is to show how to design and install hardware as well as implementing some software programs to produce a fully functioned University of Texas Series Elastic Actuator (UT-SEA). Show more

Keywords: Humanoid robots, compliance, series elastic actuators robotic manipulators, UT-SEA

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220139

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. S1-S13, 2022

Authors: Ma, Guoliang | Zhang, Meng | Wang, Hongxi | Song, Siyang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the field of intelligent drive and sense, the traditional actuator can realize linear actuation and lacks sensing function. Therefore, a new sensing actuator is designed, which can not only output force and displacement, but also have thrust anti-torque sensing function. Firstly, the model of piezoelectric actuator is designed, and the geometric and mechanical models are established. Furthermore, the geometric relationship of mechanical and electrical parameters is analyzed. Secondly, the optimal included angles are determined after finite element analysis and optimization. Finally, the maximum output displacement is obtained through finite element analysis, and the maximum strain position is pointed out. …Besides, the rotational stiffness is obtained. The results show that the modeling method and simulation results are accurate. Show more

Keywords: Piezoelectric, actuator, maximum strain

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220097

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. S1-S7, 2022

Authors: Tomizawa, Takuma | Guo, Yijun | Yusa, Noritaka

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study, a simulation-assisted probability of detection (POD) analysis that considers multiple flaw parameters and signal features is presented, including an evaluation of its applicability to eddy current testing for weld inspection. In the proposed method, both the real and imaginary parts of eddy current signals were considered, unlike conventional methods that only consider signal amplitude. Type 304 stainless steel plates were joined by butt welding, and slits were fabricated on the weld path. The eddy current inspection was conducted using a uniform eddy current probe. Numerical simulations were also performed using the finite element method, with the model …imitating the experimental situation. The POD contours were calculated using the proposed method, and they exhibited a reasonable tendency. In addition, the 95% lower confidence intervals of the proposed and conventional PODs were compared and were almost equal with respect to the decision threshold, indicating the applicability of the proposed method. Show more

Keywords: Multi-parameter, POD, slit, butt weld, detection capability, uniform eddy current, stainless steel

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220123

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. S1-S9, 2022

Authors: Kikuchi, Hiroaki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Magnetic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for ferromagnetic steel using spectrum analysis of induced voltage at a pickup coil and magnetic flux density has been studied. A voltage induced at the pickup coil was measured, and the corresponding magnetic flux density was calculated. Then, their frequency spectrums were obtained through a Fourier analysis. For deformed specimen, higher harmonic components decrease as compared with undeformed specimen. The wave distortion factor for the induced voltage and the magnetic flux density were defined and evaluated. Those values decrease with increasing reduction ratio of the specimen; this means the waveforms of induced voltage and magnetic flux …density for a less deformed specimen has a large distortion in those waves. Those changes reflect a nonlinearity of the magnetization curves of the specimen. The results in this study indicate a potential of magnetic NDE using spectrum analysis of measurement wave forms. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic NDE, harmonic, spectrum, distortion factor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220134

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. S1-S7, 2022