International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 41, issue 1

Authors: Sun, Feng | Oka, Koichi | Jin, Junjie

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes an improvement method of zero suspension force of a permanent magnetic suspension device. The zero suspension force of a magnetic suspension device is indispensable for floating off from the adhere position. Generally, the magnetic suspension system using permanent magnet is difficult to realize the zero suspension force, since the permanent magnet cannot make its attractive force zero. However, the proposed magnetic suspension device that mainly consists of a disk-shape permanent magnet, two …"F" shape iron cores, a suspended object, and an actuator, has realized the semi-zero power suspension and semi-zero suspension force. In the magnetic suspension device, since there is magnetic leakage, the suspension force could not be made exact zero. Therefore, in this paper, the zero suspension force performance will be improved using a special shape permanent magnet. Some IEM (Integral Element Method) analysis and experimental measurement have been carried out, and the comparison results indicate that the zero suspension force is decreased above 83 percent comparing with the original device in generally using conditions. Finally, the suspension simulation and experiment results indicate that the suspended object can be levitated robustly. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic suspension, zero suspension force, permanent magnet, experiment

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-121631

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2013

Article Type: Editorial

Abstract: Preface to the ICMIT2011 special issue.

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-121634

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 1-1, 2013

Authors: Han, Qingkai | Yang, Zhengxin | Wang, Boping | Zhang, Jie | Qi, Fei | Li, Xuejun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Based on the theory of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) multilayered plate and by using the state-vector and propagator matrix approach, the natural characteristics (i.e. modal analyses) of the hard-coating plates are investigated. The hard-coating plates in this study are composed of a purely elastic substrate and one magneto-elastic or electro-elastic coating layer of which the thickness is much smaller compared to the substrate layer. Firstly, every field variable of the hard-coating multilayered plate is written into one …of the two state vectors, which are related to each other by the form of matrix-production; Secondly, all the field variables are expanded into the form of infinite trigonometric series, and then the field variables of two adjacent layers are connected by the propagator matrix which is the expression of the unknown natural frequencies; Finally, by applying the boundary conditions at top and bottom surfaces, the natural frequencies can be exactly solved. Numerical examples are provided in the last part, and effect of both coating thickness and coating material properties (with either magnetic or electric effect involved) on the natural frequencies and mode shapes are discussed. The results are also compared with some finite element results. Show more

Keywords: Hard-coating plates, electromagnetic effects, natural characteristics, propagator matrix approach

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-121629

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 13-28, 2013

Authors: Wang, Qunjiao | Chang, Shouwei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: La_{1-x} (Ca, RE)_x VO_3 (0⩽ x ⩽ 1) composition-spread films were fabricated successfully by Combinatorial Pulsed Laser Deposition (CPLD). The structures and thermoelectric (TE) properties of the films were evaluated paralelly by Concurrent X-ray Diffraction (CXRD) and Multi-channel Thermoelectric Measurement systems respectively. The CXRD (200) peaks of the composition-spread films changed linearly, which indicated that the composition-spread films formed solid solution in the whole composition …range (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1). The effects of oxygen content and the substitutions of Ca and rare earth (RE: Ce, Nd, Eu) ions on TE properties of LaVO_3 were also analysed respectively. There was little change in the Seebeck coefficients of LaVO_3 films grown at different growth temperatures, while the resistivity decreased with the enhance of the growth temperatures. The largest power factor (0.7 μW/cm K^2 ) of LaVO_3 film was obtained at 800°C, while the valence of vanadium ion changed from 3+ to 2+ because of the lack of oxygen. With the increase of the content of Ca^{2+} ions, the valence of vanadium ion changed from 3+ to 4+, which was responsible for the decrease of TE properties in La1-xCaxVO_3 system. The substitution of RE (Ce, Nd, Eu) ions for La ions changed not only Seebeck coefficient but also resistivity, but power factor (α) was not increased obviously. In La1-xCexVO_3 system, La ion took 3+, and Ce ion took 3+ although Ce^{4+} was stable in theory, which caused the valence of V ion not changed as expected from 3+ to 2+. The reason may be that the size of Ce^{3+} ion is similar to that of La^{3+} ion, so Ce takes the valence of 3+ easily in LaVO_3 . Show more

Keywords: La_{1-x}(Ca, RE)_xVO_{3} , film, thermoelectricity, CPLD, Concurrent-XRD

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-121628

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 29-37, 2013

Authors: Takahashi, Kazuhiko | Iwamuro, Yusuke | Sugimoto, Iwao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a mathematical model of a mass-sensitive chemical sensor with a plasma polymer film (PPF)-coated quartz crystal resonator (QCR) that can be used to process signals from gas sensing systems that are operated under ambient conditions. To approximate the responses of the PPF-coated QCR sensor to the sample gas, a mathematical model based on the diffusion equation (assuming the one-dimensional Fickian diffusion of the sample gas molecules into the sensor film) is investigated based …on the assumption that the sorption/desorption phenomena occur in the vicinity of the PPF surface. Computational experiments show the feasibility of the proposed mathematical model for estimating the response of the PPF-coated QCR sensor. Show more

Keywords: Plasma polymer film, quartz crystal resonator, chemical sensor, diffusion equation, dynamic model

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-121625

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 39-49, 2013

Authors: Lin, Wenyi | Sasaki, Minoru | Tamagawa, Hirohisa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Unlike well-investigated polymer-based soft actuators such as gel, Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite, conducting polymer, a CFRP-based polymeric laminate possesses quite distinguished properties. It was previously reported that a CFRP-PVC laminate exhibited two-way deflection in accordance with environmental temperature, but it could not exhibit symmetric deflection because of its asymmetric structure. It must broaden the potential usefulness of the CFRP-based polymeric laminate as a soft actuator by achieving its symmetric deflection. In this study, …we attempted to fabricate a new CFRP-based polymeric laminate which could exhibit symmetric deflection by electrical laminate temperature control. Despite such a successful outcome, still there was a room to improve the performance of the new CFRP-based polymeric laminate especially about the degree of its deflection. Its deflection was not so large for the actuator use. Hence, we further attempted to fabricate another CFRP-based polymeric laminate which could exhibit large and symmetric deflection under electrical control of laminate temperature. In fact, this another CFRP-based laminate exhibited symmetric deflection in accordance with temperature and the deflection was indeed enhanced. Show more

Keywords: CFRP, PVC, actuator, laminate, deflection

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-121630

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 51-58, 2013

Authors: Mu, Shenglin | Tanaka, Kanya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a novel control scheme of PID type internal model control (PID-IMC) using neural network (NN) is proposed for the position control of ultrasonic motor (USM). In the proposed scheme, a new NN controller combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on probability is introduced. The NN controller is employed for tuning the control parameter in PID-IMC for compensating the characteristic changes and non-linearity in USM. On one hand, the application of the proposed …method avoids the Jacobian estimation in conventional back-propagation (BP) type NN. On the other hand, the PSO based on probability, originated from tribes-PSO, simplifies the PSO setting by reducing the parameters to be set in USM control. For confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method in position control, a group of experiments have been done on an existent USM servo system and the results are studied in this paper. Show more

Keywords: Ultrasonic motor, PID-IMC, neural network, particle swarm optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-121626

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 59-71, 2013

Authors: Sun, Zhiyong | Hao, Lina | Chen, Wenlin | Li, Zhi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Cell injection procedure is very essential in the field of molecular biology, and the injection force affects the success rates very much. However, conventional methods of manipulating individual biological cell failed to make use of the injection force information. This article is intended to design a static micro-force sensor with a simple structure which employs the piezoelectric material PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) film as its sensing element to detect the micro-force during cells injection and to develop …a close-loop control method to regulate the whole fore-tracking system. A Fuzzy-PID and an ordinary PD feedback control method are employed separately in this article to regulate the micro-force tracking system which is used to carry out automatic living-cell injection tests. Experimental results with different control methods are achieved. And the Fuzzy-PID and PVDF sensor based force control method is validated. Show more

Keywords: PVDF, force sensor, Fuzzy-PID, cell injection, inverse model

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-121624

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 73-86, 2013

Authors: Morita, Minoru | Jiang, Zongwei | Yamamoto, Kazunori | Suzuki, Michiyasu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Cerebral strokes occur on account of a thrombus formed in blood vessels, which blocks the blood flow to the brain and induces brain cell necrosis. We require the ability to quickly treat this by dissolving the thrombus with a low risk of brain hemorrhage. In this study, we concentrate on the design of a high-performance microstirrer to dissolve the thrombus. The piezoactuator is selected and discussed because it has both sensing and actuation functions, and has …a high power in relation with its size. Further, a new type of microstirrer is designed to generate high-amplitude vibration, and its motion can be easily controlled by adjusting the input signals to the actuators. Several types of microstirrers were manufactured on the basis of the finite-element method (FEM) simulation results, and the effect on the dissolution was experimentally validated. Show more

Keywords: Microstirrer, piezo-cell, cerebral stroke, thrombus dissolution, FEM, motion control

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-121627

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 87-96, 2013

Authors: Lee, Sunjung | Lee, Seung-ha | Park, Ilyong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A popular technique for wireless power transfer and data communication between fully implantable active medical devices and base stations is inductive coupling. A weakness of current technology means that the magnetic coupling coefficient is sharply decreased by variations in the distance and misalignment between two coils. This can result in degradation of communication and efficiency of power transfer between implants and external devices. In this paper, a method to track the coil position of the implant …device using a 3-axis magnetic sensor module in the wireless remote controller has been proposed for efficient power transfer and robust data communication. The magnetic sensor module is implemented for obtaining the magnetic flux vector of the magnet in the middle of the inner coil. Based on the obtained magnetic flux vector, the pseudo-distance vector between the inner coil and the outer coil can be calculated and the position of the inner coil can be tracked. From experiments to evaluate the performance of the implemented remote controller's ability to find the inner coil position, we found that our remote controller could track the position of the inner coil of the implant device with the averaged error range of 3.73 mm and increase to a maximum of about 30% above the minimal power requirement for charging a battery of the mock-up implant device. It is expected that the implemented remote controller can be used for implantable active medical devices such as fully implantable middle ear hearing devices. Show more

Keywords: Wireless power transfer, implantable active medical device, inductive coupling, inner coil position tracking, 3-axis magnetic sensor module

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-121633

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 97-107, 2013

Authors: Kim, Ilhwan | Kwon, Chang-Hee | Lee, Wangheon

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Ozone (O_3 ) is generated using a voltage controlled inverter of single-phase sinusoidal waveform, in contrast to the current controlled inverter using three phases as used for the control of AC motors. The generated ozone quantity is directly proportional to the frequency as well as the applied voltage of the power supply. In this paper, we propose not only a voltage control inverter running at 600 Hz and a step-up transformer from 220 V to …12 KV using an IGBT inverter, but also a fuzzy inference engine using the MAMDANI Min-Max composition so as to generate high-density ozone. We show that the proposed ozone generation system produces double the quantity of ozone at a higher efficiency level than a conventional ozone system using the current controlled inverter through actual experiments with the developed ozone system. Show more

Keywords: Ozone generation, silent discharging, IGBT, PWM inverter, APS, fuzzy inference

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-121632

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 109-119 , 2013