International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 71, issue S1

Authors: Kitamura, Takuya | Maehara, Fumiya | Kato, Taro | Uchino, Daigo | Ogawa, Kazuki | Ikeda, Keigo | Endo, Ayato | Narita, Takayoshi | Kato, Hideaki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In recent years, ultra-compact electric vehicles have gained increasing interest. These vehicles can easily make turns owing to their compactness, and they have a low impact on the environment. However, exterior road and wind noises have a large impact on occupant comfort in the interior space because an electric motor is used instead of an internal combustion engine. Therefore, an active noise control system using control sound or masking for ultra-compact electric vehicles was studied. To select the sound used for masking, a sound containing 1/f fluctuation, which has a relaxing effect on humans, was investigated. In the study …of 1/f fluctuations, various analysis methods for comfort evaluation are used. However, a method of detecting sounds including 1/f fluctuations has not been established and clarified. Thus, a basic study of 1/f fluctuations was performed to select the sound to be used for the masker. Furthermore, brain waves of participants were measured in cases in which participants heard sounds including or not 1/f fluctuation. The results revealed that sounds including 1/f fluctuation of amplitude and frequency helped participants to relax. Show more

Keywords: Ultra-compact EV, interior sound, masking, 1/f fluctuation, brain wave

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220180

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S373-S382, 2023

Authors: Morishita, Naoki | Funaki, Michiro | Kikuchi, Yoshimi | Wakiwaka, Hiroyuki | Sonehara, Makoto | Sato, Toshiro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Because of growing demand in the aircraft industry, research is being conducted around the world to reduce CO2 emissions by electrifying aircraft. The authors are studying a non-contact hybrid aircraft brake that combines an eddy current brake and a magnetorheological fluid brake. This paper presents a basic study of braking and regenerative torque using an axial gap type eddy current brake. The result as that a maximum braking torque of 51.3 mNm was obtained with a three-phase AC power supply when the speed of the conductor disc was 2,000 rpm, the current was 3 A, and the frequency was 10 Hz in …the CW direction. The maximum regenerative torque was 48 mNm when the speed of the conductor disc was 2,000 rpm, the current was 3 A, and the frequency was 10 Hz in the CCW direction. Show more

Keywords: Eddy current brake, electro-magnetic brake, axial gap type motor, three-phase AC, aircraft

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220184

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S383-S392, 2023

Authors: Hamasaki, Atom | Furuse, Ayumi | Uchimura, Jin | Takashima, Yasumasa | Ozeki, Sumio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The structure of carbon materials can be controlled using a magnetic field, enhancing their functional properties. Most of the magnetic-field effects on carbon material growth were found to originate from the magnetic-field orientation. However, we observed that the magnetic-field orientation did not affect the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs); instead, under a magnetic field of 10 T, the preferential growth of metallic SWCNTs (1-nm diameter) was observed using chemical vapor deposition and liquid decomposition, suggesting chirality selectivity. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectra showed that the defect structure and oxygen content of SWCNTs increased with increasing magnetic-field intensity. Therefore, thin …metallic nanotubes can be selectively grown by applying a high magnetic field in environments where nanotubes are relatively difficult to form. Show more

Keywords: Single-walled carbon nanotubes, chirality, diameter, magnetic control, electrical properties

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220186

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S393-S401, 2023

Authors: Chen, Yuansheng | Chen, Yuhang | Zheng, Lei | Tong, Lichen | Chen, Wei | Ji, Hongli

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Piezoelectric bimorph actuator has the advantages of small size, fast response speed and high displacement accuracy, but its inherent hysteresis nonlinearity seriously affect the control accuracy and stability of the system. The dead-zone operator was incorporated into classical Prandtl–Ishlinskii model to enable the description of asymmetric hysteresis of piezoelectric bimorph actuator. A hybrid model approach was developed with neural network and improved Prandtl–Ishlinskii model, and it has the advantages of a neural network with ready-made training algorithms and improve the Prandtl–Ishlinskii (PI) model to describe the asymmetric hysteresis. The adaptive control method was derived from training algorithm of neural network, …which can update the weight parameters of Play operator and Dead-zone operator in real time. Comparing the results without control, the RMSE of displacement error decreases by 61.35% with classic model, and decreases by 82.93% with hybrid model and proposed adaptive tracking control. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid model and adaptive control approach can more effectively compensate the hysteresis of piezoelectric bimorph. Show more

Keywords: Piezoelectric bimorph actuator, Prandtl–Ishlinskii model, neural network, adaptive control, hysteresis nonlinearity

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220187

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S403-S412, 2023

Authors: Hirose, Soichiro | Nguyen, Dang Trang | Taguchi, Kozo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The performance of soil microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) is greatly affected by the material of the anode. In this study, a low-cost material was fabricated based on rice husk charcoal (RHC) and cheaply available Bokuju (Japanese black drawing ink). Using the fabricated material to make the anode, the SMFC obtained a maximum power density of 9.52 μW/cm2 . RHC showed a significant impact on the performance of the anode electrodes. Also, the ratio of RHC to Bokuju affected the output of the SMFC.

Keywords: Soil microbial fuel cell, rice husk, Bokuju

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220189

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S413-S420, 2023

Authors: Cai, Runze | Yang, Shiyou

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Due to the deficiency in using the cross-bonded grounding mode, a large circulating current is usually induced in the metal sheaths and armors, reducing the permissible current rating of submarine cables. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel grounding mode to suppress these circulating currents and enhance the permissible current rating within the voltage limits of metal sheaths and armors. To achieve the best performance of the novel grounding mode, the optimal grounding impedances are given. Theoretical analyses indicate that for general submarine cables, the novel grounding mode can suppress the circulating currents within the voltage limits compared …with the two-ends grounding mode, and can reduce the short-circuit terminal voltage of metal sheaths and armors compared with the non-interlinked version of the proposed mode. The numerical results further validate the better comprehensive performances of the novel grounding mode in reducing the power loss and short-circuit overvoltage. Show more

Keywords: Submarine cable, grounding mode, current rating, grounding impedance, terminal voltage

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220195

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S421-S428, 2023

Authors: Nakamoto, Hiroyuki | Terada, Kazuma | Guy, Philippe | Uchimoto, Tetsuya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Flow accelerated corrosion generates not only pipe-wall thinning but also roughness on an inside wall. In some flow conditions, the increase in roughness can increase the mass transfer coefficient by up to 80%. It is then very important to have an evaluation tool to monitor and quantify the roughness of a pipe. This study aims to estimate the roughness by using ultrasonic attenuation. The advantage of using ultrasonic attenuation is that it utilizes the signals measured by existing ultrasonic probes, and does not require significant changes to the equipment. To evaluate the inner rough surface, this study compares ultrasonic attenuations …on random and periodic rough surfaces. We used an ultrasonic broadband probe on specimens with random and periodic rough surfaces in experiments. The results indicate a significant difference between the attenuation values estimated on random and periodic roughness. In addition, attenuation of amplitude at specific frequencies also was observed. These specific frequencies implied having the potential to estimate the pitch of periodic flaws on the rough surface. Show more

Keywords: Nondestructive testing, ultrasonic attenuation, rough surface

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220196

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S429-S436, 2023

Authors: Kawada, Kohei | Kuromizu, Masafumi | Gotoh, Yuji

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The cementite is often deposited on spheroidal graphite cast iron materials used in industrial machinery during manufacturing. Since the cementite is extremely hard and brittle, the cast iron may be damaged when the stress is impressed to the cast iron containing the cementite. Therefore, it is important to estimate the volume fraction of cementite contained in cast iron. However, at present, destructive inspection is generally performed to estimate the presence and volume fraction of cementite in the cast iron. In this research, an electromagnetic non-destructive inspection method to estimate whether the cementite is contained in spheroidal graphite cast iron is …proposed. The surface of the cast iron is rough, so the distance (lift-off : L o ) between the electromagnetic sensor and the cast iron is changed slightly depending on the measurement position. By this method, lift-off (L o ) and the cementite content can be detected with an accuracy of less than about 10%. Show more

Keywords: Spheroidal graphite cast iron, cementite, finite element method, electromagnetic field analysis, play model

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220201

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S437-S447, 2023

Authors: Mochizuki, Yuki | Gotoh, Yuji

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Nickel plating is used on the surface of rolling rolls in paper mills, and it is important to monitor the thickness of the nickel plating. In this research, the electromagnetic inspection method for the thickness of the nickel plating using the difference in electromagnetic properties between the nickel and the base material of S25C steel is proposed. On the other hand, the detection signal is also affected by the changing distance (lift-off: L o ) between the proposed electromagnetic sensor and the nickel plating. In this paper, by measuring the magnetic field in two directions of the electromagnetic sensor, …it is shown that both the thickness of the nickel plating and the lift-off (L o ) are evaluated. Show more

Keywords: Nickel plating, thickness evaluation, lift-off, electromagnetic field analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220202

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S449-S455, 2023

Authors: Jankowski, Piotr | Piłat, Andrzej | Wołoszyn, Joanna

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the paper the results of research on an ultra-fast actuator with high initial energy were presented. The purpose of this research is to determine the critical parameters of a copper coil and a double-layer disc based on magneto-thermal analysis. The determined parameters must ensure the expected dynamics of the moving disc while not exceeding the allowable coil and disc temperature.

Keywords: Actuator, inductive dynamic drive, ultra rapid hybrid breaker

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220203

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S457-S464, 2023