International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 71, issue S1

Authors: Shimura, Kazuhiro | Kanaya, Takanori | Hoshina, Syuichi | Kobayashi, Shigeki | Sato, Mitsuhide | Sonehara, Makoto | Sato, Toshiro | Mizuno, Tsutomu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Increasing the switching frequency of direct current–direct current converters is effective in reducing the size of magnetic components used in converters. However, as the switching frequency increases, the loss and heat generated by the magnetic components increase. Therefore, in this study, a magnetic tape that bypasses the magnetic flux in the windings of magnetic components is proposed to reduce the loss and heat generation of these components. The effect of suppressing the temperature rise of magnetic components with a magnetic tape during the converter drive was investigated. The temperature rise of a 1-MHz 100-V/200-V 800-W boost inductor was reduced by …16.8 K by applying the magnetic tape. Additionally, applying the magnetic tape to the inductor reduced the heat generation. Show more

Keywords: Inductor, DC–DC converter, magnetic composite material

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220124

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S85-S94, 2023

Authors: Ukwungwu, David | Leuning, Nora | Hameyer, Kay

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, an efficiency improvement of a high-speed permanent magnet excited synchronous machine (PMSM) by the use of spot-welding as lamination packaging technology is realized. Welding, interlocking, clinching and gluing are typical technologies to manufacture electrical steel stacks of electrical machines. However, these processes deteriorate the magnetic properties of the steel sheets, thereby decreasing the overall efficiency of the machine. Variations of line-welding (six, eight, twelve, thirty two and forty) line welds and spot-welding procedure is performed and analyzed. A semi-physical iron loss separation approach is used to extract the IEM iron loss model (Eggers et al., IEEE Transactions …on Magnetics 48 (11) (2012), 3021–3024). These parameters are utilized during the finite element simulation to calculate the effective iron loss (efficiency) of the machine while using each joining procedure. A low speed, high-speed and WLTC-c3 driving cycle is exemplarily used to analyze the effects of each procedure on the machine efficiency at the different operating conditions. Show more

Keywords: Welding process, ferro-magnetic lamination, numerical simulation, electrical steel

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220125

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S95-S106, 2023

Authors: Guo, Yijun | Yusa, Noritaka | Hashizume, Hidetoshi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study explores the applicability of microwave nondestructive testing to detect a metal pipe’s inner crack. Three-dimensional finite element simulations were conducted to study the inspectability of cracks using microwaves in different modes and the dependency of the reflection characteristics of microwaves on crack size. The simulation results showed that microwaves in the TM01 and TE01 modes can detect circumferential and axial cracks, respectively. The positive relationship between crack size and intensity corresponding to the reflected microwaves was obtained in simulations and then verified by experiments. In both simulations and experiments, the axial crack length showed a small …influence on the results, especially for shallow crack detection. In the experiments, circumferential and axial cracks with a width of 0.3 mm were detected using microwaves. The experimental results revealed that signal amplitudes decreased when a slit penetrated a pipe wall, probably due to a microwave leakage. Show more

Keywords: Circumferential and axial cracks, microwave mode, crack size, pipe wall penetration

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220127

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S107-S115, 2023

Authors: Zou, Guoping | Su, Xingyang | An, Siguang | Xiao, Shilong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The optimization designs of modern electromagnetic devices are often modeled as high dimensional multi-objective problems due to their high-quality demands in multiple functions and systemization. To identify and remove the redundant objectives, an interactive aggregation trees method embedded into the two-archive algorithm 2 is proposed to solve the high dimensional multi-objective optimizations. To balance the speed and the accuracy in finding the redundant objectives, conflict degree, conflict list and conflict flag are developed in an interactive aggregation trees frame. The two-archive algorithm 2 is modified to adjust the updated model obtained from the objective-reduction frame. Mathematical test functions and TEAM …Workshop Problem 22 are used to test the performance of the proposed method. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method can remove the redundant objectives effectively and provide qualified solutions for the electromagnetic optimization designs. Show more

Keywords: Aggregation trees method, high dimensional optimization, inverse problem, two-archive algorithm 2

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220130

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S117-S126, 2023

Authors: Xiao, Shilong | An, Siguang | Zou, Guoping

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Due to the high requirements for performance of antennas in the modern communication system, more and more objectives need to be considered, which makes the antenna design unendurable time-consuming and hard to converge. To obtain the Pareto solutions for antenna design effectively and efficiently, a dual reduction method is incorporated in an improved multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D). To obtain information about conflicting objectives on the Pareto front, the size of the MOEA/D neighbourhood is dynamically adjusted; to improve the speed and accuracy of finding redundant objectives, PCA and Pareto impact ratio are used as dual objective-reduction criteria. …Numerical results in solving the mathematical benchmark problems, an antenna array problem and Yagi-uda optimal design demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce redundant objectives and increase the convergence speed. Show more

Keywords: MOEA/D, dual objective-reduction method, inverse problem, antenna design

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220131

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S127-S134, 2023

Authors: Kikuchi, Hiroaki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Magnetic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for ferromagnetic steel using spectrum analysis of induced voltage at a pickup coil and magnetic flux density has been studied. A voltage induced at the pickup coil was measured, and the corresponding magnetic flux density was calculated. Then, their frequency spectrums were obtained through a Fourier analysis. For deformed specimen, higher harmonic components decrease as compared with undeformed specimen. The wave distortion factor for the induced voltage and the magnetic flux density were defined and evaluated. Those values decrease with increasing reduction ratio of the specimen; this means the waveforms of induced voltage and magnetic flux …density for a less deformed specimen has a large distortion in those waves. Those changes reflect a nonlinearity of the magnetization curves of the specimen. The results in this study indicate a potential of magnetic NDE using spectrum analysis of measurement wave forms. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic NDE, harmonic, spectrum, distortion factor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220134

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S135-S141, 2023

Authors: Ren, Mengyi | Oka, Koichi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a non-contact three-point bending device based on magnetic levitation technology, in which a specimen can be bent while being levitated. As the levitated object needs to withstand an increasing bending load in levitated state, this requires the control system to have a strong robustness. Therefore, a centralized sliding mode controller (CSMC) was proposed for the levitation. Furthermore, based on CSMC, an adaptive centralized sliding mode controller with the bending load as scheduling variable (ACSMC), which is the novelty of this paper, were proposed to deal with the disturbance caused by the bending load. Simulation results demonstrated that …ACSMC has good robustness to three typical bending loads, i.e., ramp load, sine load, step load. Finally, experiments were conducted and experiment results demonstrated that ACSMC allows the device to withstand ramp bending load, sine bending load and step bending load up to 50 N. Show more

Keywords: Sliding model control, magnetic levitation, nonlinear system, centralized control, non-contact three-point bending device

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220135

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S143-S155, 2023

Authors: Zaki, Noureldeen M. | Faried, Andrew M. | Shehata, Omar M. | Hammad, Sherif | Farhoud, Saleh M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper discusses Design, Implementation and Control of Series Elastic Actuator (SEA). This model was mainly dependent on usage of mechanical off-shelf components which are weigh cheaper to purchasable models developed by companies. For an appropriate performance-to-cost component selection, cost-constrained design requires careful evaluation of important performance criteria. In addition, we used These models to create force and position tracking controllers that combine PID and disturbance observer control architectures model and practical based. SEA can be used as a compliant actuator, We have been keen to utilize a collaborative robot and tackle the safety issues that arise when robots and …humans interact as well as the cost issue. As a result, The goal of this study is to show how to design and install hardware as well as implementing some software programs to produce a fully functioned University of Texas Series Elastic Actuator (UT-SEA). Show more

Keywords: Humanoid robots, compliance, series elastic actuators robotic manipulators, UT-SEA

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220139

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S157-S169, 2023

Authors: Rong, Zhongwu | Iwamoto, Yuhiro | Ido, Yasushi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid (TSMF) is a functional fluid that enables heat transfer due to the temperature difference and magnetic field. Using this property, we can increase the driving force while promoting heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer area, in the same manner as a heat sink. However, when multiple cylinders are juxtaposed, the interference between the cylinders will greatly affect the heat transfer. In the present study, we used the hybrid lattice Boltzmann method to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a TSMF around two side-by-side heating circular cylinders under a solenoidal magnetic field. As the …magnetic field increases, the heat transfer effect increases. Moreover, when the distance between the cylinders is close enough, the heat flow becomes unstable. Under the same magnetic field conditions, the unstable flow can promote heat transfer. Show more

Keywords: Temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid, heat transfer, flow around cylinder, numerical simulation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220141

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S171-S178, 2023

Authors: Yu, Fanwei | Tomizawa, Takuma | Song, Haicheng | Yusa, Noritaka

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study proposed a method to evaluate proper experimental conditions of eddy current tests under a low signal-to-noise ratio. This method was applied to quantify the detection reliability of the eddy current test to detect corrosion pits on the surface of austenitic stainless-steel weld cladding from the perspectives of probability of detection and probability of false alarm. The fluctuations of flaw signal and noise were described using truncated bivariate normal distributions of a two-dimensional vector composed of the real and imaginary components of a signal. The probabilities of detection and false alarms were formalized as cumulative distributions of the estimated …distributions of the maximum flaw signal and the noise exceeding a decision threshold. The receiver operating characteristic curves were created by coupling the probabilities of detection and false alarms at various thresholds. The area under the curve was used to quantify the detection reliability, simultaneously considering the probabilities of detection and false alarms. The results obtained in this study support the applicability of this method in quantitatively evaluating the detection reliability of a non-destructive inspection under a low signal-to-noise ratio. Show more

Keywords: Weld inspection, pitting corrosion, detection reliability evaluation, non-destructive testing, probability of detection, probability of false alarm

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220145

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S179-S189, 2023