International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 53, issue S2

Authors: Lahaye, Domenico

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-162250

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S151-S, 2017

Authors: Rossi, Alberto | Messine, Frédéric | Henaux, Carole

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Electrical propulsion in space is currently experiencing significant improvements. Among the electrical space propulsion technologies available, Hall effect thrusters work on the generation of plasma inside a cylindrical channel. These thrusters incorporate a magnetic circuit that has to generate a very specific magnetic mapping inside the plasma channel. There are mainly two objectives in the design process of this type of structure. The first objective is to obtain a specific magnetic mapping in the thruster channel with specific magnetic field radial component values. The second one is to obtain a specific magnetic field line inclination. Moreover, for spatial thrusters the …minimization of the mass is one of the most important optimization criterion. The aim of this work is to develop a method for resolving the inverse magnetostatic problem, which is applied to obtain an optimized magnetic structure for Hall effect thrusters circuit. Show more

Keywords: Hall effect thruster, parametric optimization, magnetic circuit

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-140158

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S153-S165, 2017

Authors: Ounis, H. | Roboam, X. | Sareni, B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, we present an iterative method to assist the designer in the setting of decision variables in an optimization problem with analytical models. This method is based on the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) which allows a clear representation of interactions between variables. Such a process becomes particularly useful for complex optimal design for which choosing the right decision variables to efficiently solve the problem is not so trivial. This approach is applied to the geometrical model of a High Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (HSPMSM).

Keywords: DSM (Design Structure Matrix), decision variables, optimization, model structuring

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-140159

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S167-S178, 2017

Authors: Reinbold, Vincent | Gerbaud, Laurent | Vinot, Emmanuel

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Hybrid electrical vehicles involve two sources of energy, usually gasoline and electricity. The energy management determines the power sharing between the internal combustion engine and the electrical machine (EM). It is highly dependent on the driving cycle (i.e. the use of the vehicle). In this context, the optimal sizing of the EM is determined by: the driving cycle, the power-train characteristics (i.e. ratios and physical limitations e.g. maximum torque available) and the energy management. The key idea of this work is to involve the driving cycle and the environment of the electrical machine in a global multi-objective optimization process taking …into account an optimal energy management and an accurate model of the EM based on magnetic circuit equivalent model. Show more

Keywords: Electrical machine, hybrid electrical vehicle, magnetic equivalent circuit, sizing, energy management, multi-objectives optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-140160

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S179-S190, 2017

Authors: Liu, Dong | Polinder, Henk | Abrahamsen, Asger B. | Stehouwer, Ewoud | Hendriks, Ben | Magnusson, Niklas

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A direct-drive superconducting generator (DDSCG) is proposed for 10 MW wind turbines in the INNWIND.EU project. To fit the generator into the ``king-pin'' conceptual nacelle design, the generator structure with inner stationary superconducting (SC) field winding and outer rotating copper armature winding is investigated in the first research phase. Since the cost is an important performance indicator for this application, this paper presents a method to minimize the active material cost of the ``king-pin'' fitted DDSCG. In this method a relatively fast optimization program is developed with 2D non-linear finite element models. By implementing this method, three typical superconducting generator …topologies are compared in terms of the active material cost and mass, the synchronous reactance and the phase resistance. The optimization method and the comparison results provide the DDSCG designers with a guideline for selecting a suitable machine topology. Show more

Keywords: Comparison, MgB_2, optimization, superconducting generator, topology, wind turbine

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-140161

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S191-S202, 2017

Authors: Putek, Piotr | Paplicki, Piotr | Pulch, Roland | Maten, E. Jan W. ter | Günther, Michael | Paƚka, Ryszard

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes the multi-objective topology optimization of an Electrically Controlled Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine (ECPMSM) using the Level Set Method (LSM) and the Weighted Average Method (WAM) in order to reduce both the electromagnetic losses and the Cogging Torque (CT). Additionally, the back-electromotive force (the back-EMF) is approximately taken into account in the optimization process. For a shape sensitivity of a cost functional we elaborate the Continuum Design Sensitivity Analysis (CDSA). Our main contribution is to formulate and provide the solution to the nonlinear magnetoquasistatic interface problem. Simulation outcomes show that the applied …method leads to a significant reduction of the losses and of the CT and, additionally, minimizes the higher harmonics in the back-EMF. Show more

Keywords: Shape and topology optimization, weighted average method, level set method, electromagnetic losses, cogging torque, back-EMF, continuum design sensitivity analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-140162

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S203-S212, 2017

Authors: Vinot, Emmanuel

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Deterministic Dynamic Programming is frequently used to solve the management problem of hybrid vehicles (choice of mode and power sharing between thermal and electric sources). However, it is time consuming and thus difficult to use in global sizing optimization or in parametric studies. This paper presents a comparison between three methods to compute the DDP problems. These methods are applied on the well known case of the Toyota PRIUS. It proves that a dense matrix method can reduce the computation time by up to 10 compared to more intuitive solving methods.

Keywords: Deterministic Dynamic Programming, solving algorithms, hybrid vehicle

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-140163

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S213-S227, 2017

Authors: Cardelli, Ermanno | Faba, Antonio | Laudani, Antonino | Fulginei, Francesco Riganti | Salvini, Alessandro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A new general typology of optimization algorithm inspired from the classical swarm intelligence, the Continuous Flock-Of-Starlings Optimization (CFSO), is used to face the inverse problem of modeling magnetic materials. It is obtained by translating the numerical swarm/flock-based algorithms into differential equations in the time domain and employing analytical closed-forms written in the continuum. The modeling of magnetic hysteresis is very important for the development of magnetic materials and the accurate design of electrical machines. Recently several hysteresis vector models have been proposed and discussed; one of them is the Vector Hysteron Model (VHM) which is a natural extension of the …Preisach theory to the vector case. In this work we present a CFSO based approach for the identification of VHM in order to reproduce rotational hysteresis loops. Experimental validations are made for both NOG (Not oriented grain) and OG (Oriented grain) steels. Show more

Keywords: Swarm intelligence, inverse problems, magnetic materials, optimization problem, vector hysteresis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-140164

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S229-S238, 2017

Authors: Di Barba, Paolo | Savini, Antonio | Wiak, Sƚawomir

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: An evolution strategy, approximating a single Pareto-optimal solution in an objective space exhibiting more than two objectives, is proposed as a cost-effective method (individual-based approach). Moreover, a standard NSGA-II code is modified in order to control the spread-out of unfeasible solutions in a three-dimensional objective space (population-based approach). Both methods are validated by means of a case study, i.e. the optimal design of a magnetic micro-switch.

Keywords: Evolutionary computing, finite-element analysis, MEMS, multiobjective optimal design

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-140165

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S239-S247, 2017

Authors: Duca, Anton | Duca, Laurentiu | Ciuprina, Gabriela | Egemen Yilmaz, Asim | Altinoz, Tolga

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper studies the efficiency of the General Purpose Computation on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) technique for the implementation of a parallel Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm applied for the optimization of electromagnetic field devices. Several sequential PSO algorithms are compared in order to find the optimal configuration of an electromagnetic device, the TEAM22 benchmark electromagnetic problem. The best PSO algorithm is parallelized by using a GPGPU technique using various configurations for kernels and threads per block. Details of the parallel implementations are explained. The sequential and parallel implementations are compared using as criteria the speed up and the solution …quality. The most efficient approach turned to be the one with one thread per block, which was up to 4 times faster than a sequential implementation running on hardware architectures with processors much more advanced than the core processors of the GPU. Show more

Keywords: PSO, GPGPU, electromagnetic field, optimization, TEAM22

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-140166

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S249-S259, 2017

Authors: Staudt, Tiago | Gerbaud, Laurent | Wurtz, Frédéric | Batistela, Nelson Jhoe | Kuo-Peng, Patrick

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper proposes an optimization approach to address the modeling and sizing complexities of Brushless Doubly-Fed Reluctances Machines. A semi-analytical model and a reluctance network model are coupled to a deterministic optimization algorithm where several inputs and outputs parameters can be constrained to solve sizing equations iteratively by maximizing or minimizing an objective function. A Pareto Front strategy is used to illustrate the models capabilities, highlighting the trade-offs on the design of this kind of electrical machines. The optimization model provides fast results to define a first design, reducing the number of unknown parameters of early development stages. This saves …computation time and computer resources in the design process compared to Finite Element Analysis. Show more

Keywords: Design optimization, brushless machines, electromagnetic analysis, wind energy

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-140167

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S261-S277, 2017

Authors: Kim, Young Hyun | Lee, Jung Ho

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper covers the characteristic analysis and optimum design of an axially laminated anisotropic (ALA) type Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) using a coupled Finite Element Method (FEM) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The rotor core of an ALA type adheres to the shaft axis, which has higher torque characteristics and a higher power factor due to the large difference of the (Ld -Lq ) and (Ld /Lq ) ratio. However, this assembly structure is affected by the centrifugal force around the shaft axis. This paper covers the study of an ALA-type rotor to solve this problem. Therefore, by simulating the …structure and the electromagnetic field, it is confirmed that the width of rotor core and insulator is set to design variables to reduce the minimum loss and the centrifugal force. Finally, comparisons are given with the characteristics of a same rated wattage traction induction motor and those of an ALA-SynRM, respectively. Show more

Keywords: ALA-SynRM, torque density, power factor, centrifugal force, traction motor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-140170

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S279-S288, 2017

Authors: Hadbi, Djamel | Retière, Nicolas | Wurtz, Frederic | Roboam, Xavier | Sareni, Bruno

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aircraft electric network is a complex system, consisting of many different elements integrated to form a unique entity, designed to perform a well-defined mission. In the current state, the network conceptual design is based on standards defined by the aircraft manufacturer. As a consequence, electric subsystem suppliers are doing local optimizations to fulfill these standards in a separated way through a ``mechanistic approach''. This results in a set of optimized subsystems which is not necessarily ``optimal'' with respect to the network level. To overcome this problem, we present a design approach called EPFM (Extended Pareto Front Method) based on …separated subsystem optimizations which aims at finding an optimal configuration of the electrical network at the system level. The EPFM is discussed with regard to the computational cost and the collaboration requirements in the aeronautical industrial context and compared with the classical mechanistic approach. Show more

Keywords: System design, integrated optimal design, multilevel optimization, embedded electrical system

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-140174

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 53, no. S2, pp. S289-S305, 2017