International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 37, issue 2-3

Article Type: Editorial

Abstract: Preface to the OIPE 2010 special issue.

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1379

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 79-79, 2011

Authors: Brochet, Pascal

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: One promising way to address the problem of the synthesis of the design of electrical machines is to set it up as an optimization problem in order to benefit from the most effective optimization algorithms to solve it. Some consequences are here derived from this statement concerning the modeling of electrical machines, the formalization of the optimization problem and the required algorithms to solve it. They come from different experiments on the design of electrical …machine, each one involving a particular methodology, and already reported. This way, a unified approach of multiplex model is proposed. Coupled with adapted multiobjective optimization algorithms it provides a powerful and promising way of designing electrical machines. Show more

Keywords: Design, optimization, multilevel, multiobjective, multiphysics, electrical machine

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1380

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 81-91, 2011

Authors: Di Barba, Paolo | Mognaschi, Maria Evelina | Palka, Ryszard | Savini, Antonio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The optimal shape design of a coreless High-Temperature Superconductor (HTS) winding has been defined in terms of finding the position and length of a set of flux diverters, in such a way to minimize an appropriate objective function. Results for both direct and inverse problems are presented. Additionally, the minimization of the objective function has been pursued by solving a material synthesis problem, in which the geometry of the diverters is given, and their permeability is …unknown. Show more

Keywords: Coreless winding, high-temperature superconductor electrical machine, shape design, stochastic optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1381

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 93-99, 2011

Authors: Ambrisi, Angelo | Formisano, Alessandro | Martone, Raffaele

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Magnets for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance applications are designed to provide high level of magnetic flux density in a testing volume with the greatest level of field homogeneity. Anyway, the manufacturing and assembly tolerances cause unavoidable uniformity degradation, that is usually counteracted by correction coils. The measurement of the magnetic field is the final verification of the complex design and fabrication process of a magnetic system, aimed also at defining currents in correction coils to improve …uniformity. Anyway, when seeking high accuracy, it is necessary to assess the effect on final uniformity of uncertainties in the measurement technique. In this paper, an approach is presented to assess impact of measurement error bars on final device performance, based on Worst Case Analysis, guaranteeing quick computational time. Show more

Keywords: Nuclear magnetic resonance, worst case analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1382

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 101-107, 2011

Authors: Ayed, R. Ben | Berbecea, A.C. | Brisset, S. | Gillon, F. | Brochet, P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The optimization of electromagnetic devices by direct use of finite element models is computationally expensive. This paper presents two effective surrogate-assisted optimization algorithms: Output Space Mapping and Efficient Global Optimization which are employed with regard to a minimum number of finite element model evaluations. A parallel between the two algorithms is made through a single phase safety isolating transformer optimization problem using 3D finite element models.

Keywords: Surrogate-assisted optimization, finite element model, output space mapping, efficient global optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1383

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 109-120, 2011

Authors: Ziolkowski, Marcin | Gratkowski, Stanislaw

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In various engineering and biomedical disciplines often there is a need to design an electromagnetic arrangement which is able to generate a magnetic field of demanded distribution. Such a problem also takes place in magnetic field active shielding designing. In this case solenoids that generate an opposite magnetic field to the external field in the region of interest are used. This paper discusses the problem of finding the shape of a solenoid which produces a given …magnetic field magnitude on the axis. Two different methods are used and compared: iteratively regularized Gauss-Newton method and genetic algorithm based method with the use of Bezier curves. Show more

Keywords: Active shields, genetic algorithms, iterative methods, magnetic field synthesis, nonlinear inverse problems

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1384

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 121-132, 2011

Authors: Cvetković, Zlata | Perić, Mirjana | Vučković, Ana Mladenović

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Two different approaches for homogeneous electrical field generation are presented in this paper. For this generation a primary cell which consists of toroidal electrodes is used. Potential distribution along the system axis is expanded into Taylor and Chebyshev series in the first approach. System dimensions are chosen by setting corresponding terms to zero value so that only linear term remains. In the second approach the synthesis of systems with axial potential linear distribution is performed. Optimization …of the electrodes parameters was carried out using gradient method. A deviation of electric field intensity is used as a criterion of the level of obtained homogeneity. Show more

Keywords: Homogeneous electric field, primary cell of the first order, primary cell of the second order, Taylor primary cell, Chebyshev primary cell

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1385

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 133-145, 2011

Authors: Amdouni, Imen | Saadaoui, Ramzi | El Amraoui, Lilia | Gillon, Frédéric | Benrejeb, Mohamed | Brochet, Pascal

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Throughout this paper we are developing a kernel modular extensible platform, allowing new modules addition and optimizing structure's modeled in different design environments with "black box" approach. This platform identifies electrical structure parameters from their design files on which the user define optimizing problem constants and variables. An application is processed; it is an incremental linear actuator where the static force and the overflow of the dynamic response over two successive step displacements are …improved by optimizing its design and control parameters. Show more

Keywords: Control, design, deterministic methods, modeling, optimization platform, stochastic methods

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1386

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 147-157, 2011

Authors: Nguyen-Xuan, H. | Gerbaud, L. | Rouger, N. | Crébier, J.-C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper presents a physical structure optimization of an integrated semiconductor device: a power MOSFET and other vertical transistors are integrated within the same die, introducing a novel self supplied power transistor. This integrated optimal design leads to complex optimization problems with close constraints. The main constraint model deals with the avalanche phenomenon that is formulated by multiple integral expressions of implicit functions. The paper focuses on two aspects: the integral formulation …of the avalanche model and more specifically its gradient computation in the aim of applying a gradient-based optimization algorithm, and the comparisons of several optimization methods on this problem. Show more

Keywords: Design of monolithically integrated circuits, genetic optimization algorithms, gradient-based optimization algorithm, semiconductor integration constraint, power MOSFET

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1387

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 159-171, 2011

Authors: Dessus, V. | Platas, J. | Brun, P. | Sauvage, E. | Cauffet, G. | Dedulle, J.M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study deals with the optimization of a cold crucible melter where electric currents are directly induced in a glass charge. Designs of experiments are used to determine the factors of the crucible design which have an impact on the efficiency, and result in an optimized configuration. Numerical tools are used to lead the experiments: a finite volume software, used to solve hydrodynamics and thermal equations, is coupled to a finite element software which computes the …Maxwell equations. The innovation is the use to couple directly areas treated with surface impedance and volume formulations, in electromagnetic simulation. The optimized configuration is then studied comparing numerical simulations and experiments in an industrial unit. Show more

Keywords: Coupling, design of experiments, optimization, sensitivity analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1388

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 173-180, 2011

Authors: Mateev, Valentin | Marinova, Iliana

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper a method for characterization of live tissue electromagnetic properties is proposed. The method combines data, acquired by experimental computer system for bio-impedance measurements, and image data obtained by infrared camera. The data from impedance analyzer and from infrared camera are collected simultaneously for a given time period. The impedance data are associated with infrared image data for electromagnetic properties determination. The method developed is applied to evaluate the electromagnetic …properties of biological tissues. The proposed method is applicable for local electric properties determination in inhomogeneous samples with random form. Show more

Keywords: Bioimpedance, measurement system, electromagnetic properties, IR thermal images

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1389

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 181-187, 2011

Authors: Park, Il Han | Chai, Jangbom | Kim, Young Sun | Baek, Myung Ki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a nonlinear magnetic method to estimate the thickness of carbon steel pipe used in the secondary steam cycle of nuclear power plants. The principle of the proposed method is based on utilizing the nonlinear property of magnetic saturation in carbon steel. A magnetic sensor system for the nonlinear magnetic method is designed by the magnetic circuit concept, and is modeled and analyzed with the finite element method and an equivalent electric circuit. The …sensor system is built to experimentally test its performance in the estimation of wall thinning. To demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed nonlinear magnetic method, the measured data from the sensor system are used to estimate the wall thinning, and are compared with the analysis results. Show more

Keywords: Wall thinning, nonlinear magnetic method, magnetic sensor, FEM, magnetic saturation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1390

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 189-198, 2011

Authors: Reimund, Verena | Blome, Mark | Pelkner, Matthias | Kreutzbruck, Marc

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We present a fast inverse scheme that is capable of simultaneously estimating the parameters depth, opening and length for rectangular 3D geometries of surface-breaking defects. The parameter estimation is realized by an iterative least-squares minimization using the trust-region reflective algorithm. A semi-analytic magnetic dipole model that allows the sensor characteristics to be incorporated is used for predicting the stray magnetic fields. Giant magneto-resistance (GMR) measurements were carried out on a test specimen …that includes a series of artificial defects. For the estimation of the defect depths relative errors between 0.6% and 15.9% have been obtained. Due to its very low computational costs, the inverse scheme can suitably be employed in automated production environments. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic flux leakage, GMR sensor, nonlinear least-squares optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1391

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 199-205, 2011

Authors: Ilić, Saša S. | Aleksič, Slavoljub R. | Raičević, Nebojša B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Theoretical analysis of a vertical broadside symmetrically coupled strip line assuming TEM propagation mode is presented in the paper. The effective dielectric permittivity and characteristic impedance of the analysed strip line is determined applying the Equivalent Electrodes Method (EEM), and the results are compared with the ones obtained using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The paper shows determination of the closed-form Green's function of uniform charge per unit line length placed in an anisotropic medium between …two parallel infinite grounded plates. Additionally, dielectric permittivity tensor has a diagonal form, and both, even and odd, modes are considered. Show more

Keywords: Equivalent Electrodes Method (EEM), Separation of Variables Method (SVM), Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC), anisotropic medium, effective permittivity, Finite Element Method (FEM)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1392

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 207-214, 2011

Authors: Szymanik, Barbara | Gratkowski, Stanisław

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Landmines, which affect numerous of territories in the whole world, pose a serious threat mostly to civilians. Therefore there's no doubt that the work on improving the methods of landmines' detection and liquidation should be considered important. Nowadays most effort should be focused on detecting the most common, nonmetallic landmines. In present study we introduce the new method of landmines' detection: active infrared thermography with microwave excitation, which may be considered complementary to popular metal detector. …In this paper we present numerical models (created using TDFEM method) of microwave heating of chosen systems. The comparison between the numerical and experimental results will be presented as well. Show more

Keywords: Infrared thermography, landmine detection, microwave heating, numerical modelling

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1393

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 215-229, 2011

Authors: Lattarulo, Francesco | Amoruso, Vitantonio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The value of the time average Poynting vector P_{ave} in resolving some direct and inverse electromagnetic problems at optical frequencies is claimed. The noticed analogy between P_{ave} and electrostatic field on the surface of a rough object, assumed as a perfect conductor, is fruitfully exploited and the usual Lambert law governing diffuse scattering is re-examined. The given theoretical support is especially recommended to unambiguously resolve, in …computer graphics, the direct object-rendering problem and to deal appropriately, in computer vision, with the inverse object-recovering problem. Show more

Keywords: Electrostatic analogy, Lambert's cosine law, planewaves, rendering, recovering

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2011-1394

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 231-240, 2011