International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 59, issue 3

Authors: Hong, Do-Kwan | Woo, Byung-Chul

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper deals with a 16-pole, 18-slot fractional-slot concentrated-winding permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) for articulated robot applications considering several multiphysics analyses. Optimized PMSMs are compared analytically and experimentally considering electrical and mechanical aspects. The electrical and mechanical analysis results are well matched with the experimental results in terms of the efficiency and temperature. The design, analysis and experiment with the PMSM for articulated robot applications were performed successfully.

Keywords: Smart actuator, articulated robot system, multiphysics analysis, coupled analysis, magnetic-forced vibration-acoustic analysis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-171076

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 881-889, 2019

Authors: Du, Tingchen | Geng, Haipeng | Sun, Yanhua | Lin, Hao | Zhang, Yanyan | Yu, Lie

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, the active magnetic bearing (AMB) system for high-speed permanent magnet (PM) machine has been studied. It includes the coupled action between radial magnetic bearings due to the journal inclination and the coupled action of the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) upon the lateral vibration in a rotor system in addition to the gyroscopic action. It also takes into account the electrical differential equation of system. Firstly, a dynamic model of the 4-DOF rotor-AMBs system is established by adopting the PID control arithmetic and simulated by using software MATLAB/SIMULINK. Secondly, with the method of Fourier Series, the UMP in …the high-speed PM machine, caused by relative eccentricity, is calculated theoretically and proved by using software ANSOFT. Finally, a comprehensive AMB control system for PM machine has been established and verified by simulations. It has provided theoretic guidance for the design AMB system for rotating machinery. Show more

Keywords: Rotor-AMBs system, PM machine, UMP

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-171024

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 891-901, 2019

Authors: Kwon, Jung-woo | Jun, Cha-seung | Kwon, Byung-il

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a variable-flux Vernier machine with dual consequent pole configuration to realize wide speed-range operation. The rotor has a consequent pole structure with high coercive force (HCF) material composed permanent magnets (PMs), whereas the stator has PMs positioned between the flux modulation poles. Stator-mounted PMs are made of low coercive force (LCF) materials that can be easily demagnetized or magnetized for variable-flux machines. By changing the magnetization state of the LCF PMs, suppression of magnetic flux was increased to reach higher-speed operation. Demagnetization of the stator LCF PMs reduced the total magnetic flux to reach a higher speed …range. In addition, reverse magnetization allowed the machine to achieve further speed-range enhancement. The proposed machine was improved with a parametric selection process. Machine performance of each magnetization state was analyzed by way of speed torque curves and efficiency maps. Show more

Keywords: Consequent pole, variable flux, Vernier machine, wide speed range

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-171165

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 903-912, 2019

Authors: Kwon, Jung-woo | Lee, Sung-hyun | Kim, Byung-taek | Kwon, Byung-il

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A variable flux Vernier machine (VFVM) that adopts a consequent pole configuration and drum winding is proposed. To clarify the effectiveness of variable flux features in a Vernier machine, the proposed machine was investigated in terms of different aspects using the finite element method (FEM). The use of consequent pole and drum winding were intended to reduce the cost of manufacture by reducing the magnet amount to half and by reducing the end turns. The proposed machine was analyzed at variable speeds with different magnetization states of the magnets. The torque speed curves of different magnetization states were analyzed …to show the wide speed range of the machine. Differences in the Vernier effect according to the magnetization state were also evaluated. Finally, it was concluded that a variable flux feature can be an effective method to widen the operating speed range of Vernier machines. Show more

Keywords: Consequent pole, variable flux, Vernier machine

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-171083

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 913-920, 2019

Authors: Siddiqi, Mudassir Raza | Khaliq, Salman | Kwon, Jung-Woo | Kwon, Byung-il

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents the optimal design of a dual airgap spoke type permanent magnet vernier machine with dual stator dual winding (DDW) and dual stator single winding (DSW) models having an equal outer diameter and the same magnet volumes. The models were compared at a similar power and volume basis. Latin Hypercube Sampling and the Kriging Method is used to optimize the stator slots in DSW models for improved performance. 2D-Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to verify the results and compare the both models. The DSW model performs similar in terms of average torque, back EMF and shows a …better performance regarding torque ripple, power factor and core loss as compared to DDW model having same dimensions on similar power and volume basis. Furthermore, DSW model has the advantage of having lesser manufacturing complexity and thermal issue posed by inner stator winding. Show more

Keywords: Dual airgap dual winding, dual airgap single winding, latin hypercube sampling, finite element method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-171072

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 921-930, 2019

Authors: Baloch, Noman | Kwon, Byung-il

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a consequent pole changing vernier machine (CPCVM) for variable speed application such as electric vehicles. The proposed topology works as a 48-pole vernier machine with a consequent pole rotor in the low speed region. In this mode, the machine provides high torque and high efficiency. Also, the machine uses less amount of magnet volume than a surface permanent magnet machine. However, in high speed region, the poles of the machine are changed and the machine switches to permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) mode that provides high efficiency in the high speed region. Therefore, the machine combines the …advantages of a consequent pole vernier machine and a conventional PMSM in a single topology. The variable speed range of the machine is extended by pole changing operation. The merits of the proposed topology are investigated by finite element analysis and the feasibility of the machine is confirmed for variable speed operation. Show more

Keywords: Consequent pole, pole changing, vernier machine, variable speed

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-171070

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 931-941, 2019

Authors: Azeem, Muhammad | Humza, Muhammad | Kim, Byungtaek

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents an analytical method to calculate the air-gap magnetic flux density distribution of a permanent magnet (PM) vernier motor. For this purpose, the air gap permeance, the magneto-motive force (MMF) of rotor magnets and the MMF from stator winding are respectively expressed in the form of Fourier series. The permeance function whose values of the all harmonics are given in terms of geometry, is utilized with the MMF of PMs to analyze the air gap flux density of the vernier machine. In addition, the role of each harmonic components of flux density in the production of back electromotive …force (back-EMF) and torque is examined. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the derived expressions are checked with the help of finite element (FE) analysis. Show more

Keywords: Air-gap flux density, analytical investigation, FE analysis, fourier series, vernier motor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-171053

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 943-949, 2019

Authors: Zhai, Xinghui | Luo, Yajun | Xie, Shilin | Xu, Minglong | Zhang, Xinong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The loop antenna is a kind of large and flexible space truss structure commonly with weak damping and low modal frequencies. It is recognized the active vibration control performance of loop antenna structure is limited with use of piezoelectric stack actuator due to small actuating displacement. Besides, the introduction of piezoelectric stack actuator may obstruct the unfolding of antenna. A new active control way is thus put forward in the work where the voice coil motor is used as actuator and connected to the antenna structure by Kevlar fiber. This kind of actuation mode has the advantages of large output …displacement, fast response, large output power and convenient installation. The governing equation of vibration control system of loop antenna employing the voice coil motor - Kevlar fiber actuator is firstly established according to finite element theory. In practical engineering, the first modal frequency of antenna is such low that it might be very close to the operational frequency of attitude adjusting equipment. As a result, the first modal vibration of antenna is easy to be stimulated and thus is often of most concerned in vibration control of antenna structure. Accordingly, aiming to suppress effectively the first modal vibration of loop antenna, the active vibration control strategies with PD and Fuzzy control algorithm are studied respectively. Moreover, PD-Fuzzy composite controller is also designed to improve the control effects near equilibrium position. The numerical and experimental results show that the voice coil motor - Kevlar fiber actuator can suppress the first modal vibration response of the antenna significantly and the performance of Fuzzy control is better than that of PD control. The control performance near equilibrium position can be improved obviously by use of PD-Fuzzy composite control algorithm. Show more

Keywords: Loop antenna, vibration control, voice coil motor, Fuzzy control

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-171229

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 951-958, 2019

Authors: Zhang, Feng | Xu, Minglong | Xie, Shilin | Zhai, Chongpu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a hybrid structure for an adaptive feedback system. The proposed structure was validated through a two-dimensional pointing mechanism involving simulations and experiments, to provide an active vibration control strategy for a range of satellite antennas in a space environment. The performance of the adaptive hybrid control system was investigated numerically to suppress the simulated vibration both in a steady-state and under random excitation. Experiments were carried out with the two-dimensional pointing mechanism to further verify the capability of the proposed control system. Both the simulation and experimental results revealed that the proposed two-dimensional pointing mechanism …with an adaptive hybrid feedback system was effective in reducing the deflection angle vibration response of antenna pointing. Show more

Keywords: Vibration control, adaptive feedback control, pointing mechanism

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-171163

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 959-966, 2019

Authors: Uchida, Yoshihisa | Saito, Tamon | Hatakeyama, Tasuku

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A multi-purpose module system (MMS), a modular robot, comprises joint and function modules. This robot can be variously configured to form serially connected and quadruped robots. This study presents initial designs and tests for a new locomotion module that uses Mecanum wheels (WM11-01). The WM11-01 comprises two Mecanum wheels on a single rotating shaft. Using this locomotion module, MMS-V01-Wn is proposed. In addition, physical specifications for the robot and equations for its locomotion control scheme are developed. These equations deliver relative rotational speeds of the Mecanum wheels that should generate robot motion in any direction. The WM11-01, at a diameter …of only 100 mm, can move through particularly narrow pipes and channel-shaped terrain. We tested the MMS-V01-W1 in a pipe and found that roughness in the pipe surface did not significantly affect the robot’s locomotion. The results below demonstrate the adaptability and effectiveness of a miniaturized omnidirectional locomotion module. Show more

Keywords: MMS, modular robot, Mecanum wheel, module, Omni direction

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-171096

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 967-975, 2019