International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 51, issue 3

Authors: Islam, M.M. | Faruque, M.R.I. | Misran, N. | Islam, M.T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most well-known malignancy of non-skin and the second leading reason of cancer death among the women in the world after the lung cancer. In this review, the development of the microwave imaging system is described for breast cancer detection depending on the ultra-wideband imaging system, which is a promising emerging technology that uses the dielectric contrast between malignant, benignant and normal fibro glandular breast tissues at the microwave frequencies. Some breast cancer detection techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Mammography, Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), Ultrasound and their performances have also been reviewed. There are some restrictions …of the existing UWB imaging systems such as they have no ability to detect the breast tumor at the beginning period, having no 3D pictorial representation of tumor size in all systems and a multiple array antenna in respect of complex system. This encourages the improvement of the extended signal processing techniques for ultra-wideband imaging systems and initiates a more appealing imaging scenario. The limitations and running challenges of the microwave imaging system have been discussed completely with some feasible suggestions. Confidently, this thorough survey has been done here to overcome this limitations of the existing and proposed systems. Show more

Keywords: Breast cancer, , UWB, , electromagnetic techniques

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-150050

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 215-233, 2016

Authors: Cheng, Congcong | Chen, Zhongsheng | Xiong, Yeping | Shi, Hongwu | Yang, Yongmin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (P-SSHI) circuits have been proved to enhance piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting (PVEH), but the maximum conversion efficiency is obtained only when the voltage across the storage capacitor (VSC) equates to the optimal value. For bi-stable rotating PVEH with nonlinear magnetic force in engineering applications, however, the VSC will change greatly when powering real electric loads, thus it is impossible to maintain high conversion efficiency. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents an improved P-SSHI circuit with controllable optimal voltage (COV-PSSHI) by using a voltage control strategy between the storage capacitor and the …electric load. The innovation is to control and maintain the VSC close to the optimal value. Firstly, the COV-PSSHI circuit is proposed and its theoretic model is built in detail. Then its average harvested power (AHP) is theoretically derived and AHP of the COV-PSSHI circuit is proved to be more than that of a classical P-SSHI circuit. In the end, experiments are performed to validate the performance of the COV-PSSHI circuit. It can be seen that the COV-PSSHI circuit can increase the AHP by factor 1.25 compared with classical P-SSHI circuits, which is enough to intermittently power the wireless sensor node. Also power consumption of the voltage control circuit has few effects on the COV-PSSHI circuit. In particular, it needs to optimize the envelop capacitor, the parallel inductor and two threshold voltages of the voltage controller in order to implement the COV-PSSHI circuit well in practice. Show more

Keywords: Nonlinear rotating energy harvesting, bi-stable piezoelectric harvester, P-SSHI circuit, COV-PSSHI circuit

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-150093

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 235-248, 2016

Authors: Zebiri, Chemseddine | Daoudi, Samiha | Benabdelaziz, Fatiha | Lashab, Mohamed | Sayad, Djamel | Ali, Nazar T. | Abd-Alhameed, Raed A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, the gyrotropic bi-anisotropy of the chiral medium in substrate constitutive parameters (ξc and ηc ) of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is introduced in order to observe its effects on the complex resonant frequency, half-power bandwidth and input impedance. Numerical calculations and analysis based on the dominant mode are carried out to show that the latter is directly related to the former. This paper is based on the Moment Method as full-wave spectral domain approach using sinusoidal basis functions. Two new results, namely the appearance of the difference (ξc -ηc ) and sum (ξ c +ηc …) of the two magneto-electric elements are obtained in the electric transverse components and Green tensor expressions, respectively. These new results can be considered as a generalisation form of the previously published work. Show more

Keywords: Microstrip antenna, chiral, gyrotropy, bi-anisotropy, moment method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-150141

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 249-260, 2016

Authors: Cheng, Jun | Qiu, Jinhao | Xu, Xiaojuan | Ji, Hongli | Takagi, Toshiyuki | Uchimoto, Tetsuya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents the overview of previous studies on the eddy current testing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composites. CFRP is composed of many unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy plies stacked together, thus it has laminated structure and inhomogeneous nature. Eddy Current Testing (ECT) is an efficient and non-contact Nondestructive Testing (NDT) technique for conductive materials. The electrical conductivity of carbon fibers can be utilized by ECT system for fiber texture mapping and detection of defects that can cause the conductivity change. Recently a lot of attention has been paid to the electromagnetic properties characterization of CFRP material, fiber texture and …defect detection, as well as the ECT technique enhancement. In this paper we will give the detailed information and results of these research works. In addition this paper also summarizes the available numerical simulation methods for the electromagnetic modeling of CFRP materials, and the calculation of eddy currents and ECT signals. Show more

Keywords: CFRP, eddy current testing, electrical conductivity, numerical simulation, defect characterization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-150168

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 261-284, 2016

Authors: Wang, Congsi | Kang, Mingkui | Wang, Wei | Zhong, Jianfeng | Zhang, Yiqun | Jiang, Chao | Duan, Baoyan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The influences of the random error and mechanical distortion on the electromagnetic performances of phased array antenna (PAA) are of great significance to the research on and development of the high-performance antennas. A coupled structural-electromagnetic model of PAA is developed to describe the effect of random error and mechanical distortion on the performances of antenna. The application of the model to a planar array antenna demonstrates the variation of the sidelobe level and gain with different random errors and different distortion grades respectively. The valuable results provide a theoretical guidance for the engineer to determine the optimal performance-driven structural tolerance.

Keywords: Phased array antenna, electromechanical coupling, random error, mechanical distortion

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-150170

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 285-295, 2016

Authors: Öner, Yasemin | Şenol, İbrahim

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents an analytical sub-domain model for predicting magnetic flux density and winding inductance flux switching permanent magnet (FS-PM) under armature reaction. It is obtained by solving Poisson and Laplace equations in polar coordinates for each domain, i.e. air gap, rotor and stator slots. The model accounts for the influence of interaction between the stator slots and air gap, as well as rotor slots and air gap and winding inductances are obtained from the analytical method and compared by finite element analysis (FEA). Magnetic field distribution are derived from the analytical method and verified by finite element analysis (FEA).

Keywords: Analytical calculation, FEA, permanent magnet, sub-domain model, flux switching, armature reaction

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-160020

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 297-306, 2016

Authors: Rahman, N.H. Abd | Ali, M.T. | Islam, M.T. | Yamada, Y.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Design and analysis of a shaped-beam 12.2 GHz array-fed reflector antenna for broadcasting satellite application and its significant performance improvement are presented in this paper. In the beginning, an elementary design employing a cluster of feed horns illuminating a single reflector has been proposed for multi beam antenna (MBA) system to produce contoured beam for Peninsular Malaysia. In this configuration, the horn positions were determined precisely through a newly developed caustic locus graph, which is the simplified technique for calculating the exact feed locations in both elevation and azimuth plane. The accuracy of the two-dimensional caustic locus graph, which was …developed based on a ray tracing approach, has been verified through EM simulations. A universal feed position equation, derived from the technique has been very useful in designing the multiple feed structures employed in this research to ensure optimum radiation to the exact locations on the earth. Based on the initial design (a cluster of feed horns) due to the small size of the coverage area, an issue with regards to physical constructability of the feed horns is raised. To solve this problem, the MBA is modified by utilizing 18-element microstrip array as the feed, where each element positions are calculated by using the same caustic model. In this approach, calculations of accurate feed positions and optimum excitation coefficients in widely distributed feed areas are considered as among the most critical aspects in designing the shaped-beam antenna system. By using the proposed solution, the preceding issue is solved and higher gain shaped-beam coverage with optimized radiation pattern is generated. This paper shows the results of the contoured beam antenna that have been achieved for beam scanned over a small coverage size of approximately 0.9° long and 0.5° wide. Small variation of radiation level, which is less than 3 dB within the EOC, is also demonstrated in the performance analysis. Show more

Keywords: Antenna feeds, caustic, microstrip antenna arrays, ray tracing, reflector antenna, satellite antenna, caustic

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-150079

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 307-318, 2016

Authors: Chen, Jun-Wei | Zhang, Bo | Ding, Han

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, an arc-edged trapezoidal Halbach PM linear actuator for precision engineering is proposed. In this linear actuator, the Halbach PM array is utilized as a mover. To take into account the magnetic field distortion caused by the finite-length of the PM array near the boundaries, a long-period Fourier series expansion is applied to calculate the field distribution of the PM array and the associated thrust. They are then validated by the finite element method and physical experiments. Finally, by a fitting-based local searching method, design optimization is implemented to achieve a small thrust ripple as well as a …large mean thrust. Show more

Keywords: Halbach array, arc-edged trapezoidal PM, linear PM actuator, fourier series expansion, design optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-150113

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 319-335, 2016

Authors: Tang, Enling | Li, Zheng | Zhang, Qingming | Wang, Meng | Xiang, Shenghai | Liu, Shuhua | He, Liping | Han, Yafei | Xia, Jin | Wang, Hongliang | Xu, Mingyang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to investigate the discharge of the plasma generated by a projectile hypervelocity impact on solar array with three kinds of different substrates at the 60° incidence angle and the external applied voltage of 100 voltage. Four sets of experiments were performed to impact solar arrays with CFRP Aluminum honeycomb sandwich substrate, Aluminum honeycomb sandwich substrate and the aluminum substrate by using two-stage light gas gun loading system and discharge measurement system established. Experimental results showed that discharge voltage and discharge current of the solar array with CFRP Aluminum honeycomb sandwich substrate …are the most strongest among the solar array with CFRP Aluminum honeycomb sandwich substrate, Aluminum honeycomb sandwich substrate and the aluminum substrate. This work will be helpful to improve the material and substrate' structure of the solar arrays in spacecrafts. Show more

Keywords: Hypervelocity impact, plasma, solar array with different substrate, discharge current, discharge voltage

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-150115

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 337-347, 2016