Markets, hierarchies, networks, districts: A cybernetic approach

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Biggiero, Lucio

Affiliations: LUISS University, Viale Pola, 12, 00198 Rome, Italy. E-mail: lbiggier@luiss.it, http://www.luiss.it/facolta/economia/biggiero

Abstract: IDs are regional hyper-networks that survived the socioeconomic evolution of modern capitalism. They also promise to succeed in the coming post-Fordist development. Italian experience has shown that industrial districts are highly important, perform successfully, and are increasing their survival rates. Beyond definition problems, they are multi-dimensional, complex, and adaptive systems. They can be replicated elsewhere and, regardless of the contingent triggering factors, can grow and change their early imprinting features. Cybernetics offers a sound theoretical basis for understanding the key concepts and redirecting industrial policy interventions.

Keywords: Complexity, cybernetics, flexibility, hierarchy, identity, industrial district, industrial policy, Italy, market, network, organization

DOI: 10.3233/HSM-1999-18203

Journal: Human Systems Management, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 71-86, 1999