Work - Volume 41, issue Supplement 1

Authors: Robertson, Michelle M. | Boiselle, Philip | Eisenberg, Ronald | Siegal, Dainel | Chang, Che-Hsu (Joe) | Dainoff, Marvin | Garabet, Angela | Garza, Jennifer Bruno | Dennerlein, Jack

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Radiologists are intensive computer users as they review and interpret radiological examinations using the Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS). Since their computer tasks require the prolonged use of pointing devices, a high prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is reported. The first phase of this study involved conducting a Cognitive Work Analysis in conjunction with a Participatory Ergonomics approach to perform a total work system analysis. We also conducted an ergonomic survey as well as collected computer use data, specifically for the mouse and keyboard. The goal of the study was to reduce the physical exposures for radiologists. This paper …presents Phase I results describing the analyses and redesign process of the radiologists tasks, training design, computer use, and selected survey results. Show more

Keywords: work systems analysis, participatory ergonomics, computer task exposure, musculoskeletal discomfort, training

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0391-1818

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1818-1820, 2012

Authors: Pais, Fernando Lima | Azevedo, Paulo Roberto | Medeiros, Lícia Helena de Oliveira | de Freitas, Iraí Borges | Stamato, Cláudia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article is the result of an Ergonomic Diagnosis in a study for a Specialization Course in Ergonomics. The research is being done in a public hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, where the target system is the radiology sector. For diagnosis purposes, subjective techniques were used, such as an open-ended survey, Corlett questionnaire and techniques for evaluating ergonomic risk such as Owas and Rula. Systematic observation was emphasized using photos and films. Preliminary observations made to the radiographers found that these professionals suffer risks of physical and verbal harassment, as well as sexual harassment. Most of them …feel discriminated against in terms of race and accumulate activities demanding a lot of attention, as the medical diagnosis and subsequent procedures will depend on the outcome of this task. They accumulate tension due to the weight of responsibility, since there are cases where the patient has risk of death. Show more

Keywords: Ergonomic Diagnosis, radiology sector, ergonomic assessment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0641-1821

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1821-1827, 2012

Authors: Biquand, Sylvain | Zittel, Benoit

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Increased lifespan in western societies causes the increase of hospitalization in the old age, notably for patient showing forms of dementia including Altzheimer disease. These patients relate poorly to care givers and nurses, and cases of maltreatment have repeatedly been reported. To prevent abuse and increase patient’s quality of life, Gineste and Pelissier (2007) proposed a philosophy of care based on the Humanitude® concept. Acknowledging that being human is being vertical and related to other humans, the pillars of Humanitude® are gaze, touch, talk, and standing. These modes of relation are systematically developed in care giving techniques derived from the …concept. After several studies in geriatric hospitals, to assess psychosocial and ergonomic aspects of work, we present an analysis of the gap between the logic of human care and the logic of hospital organization, impacting employees work conditions and psychological welfare. Care giving is not only a “one to one” relation with the patient but needs to be integrated in the whole organization. Psychologists and ergonomists should be instrumental in defining the project and the organization linking human care giving towards the patients and better work conditions for healthcare employees. Show more

Keywords: work analysis, care, maltreatment, humanitude, burn-out

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0392-1828

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1828-1831, 2012

Authors: Silvana, Salerno | Laura, Forcella | Ursula, Di Fabio | Irene, Figà Talamanca | Paolo, Boscolo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Introduction. Patient’s aggressive behavior is one of the major problem in the psychiatric ward. Here we present the preliminary results of a psychiatric ward case-study, of a public hospital in the Chieti province, in order to plan ergonomic improvement. Method We applied the Method of Organizational Congruencies in the psychiatric ward in order to study the relationship between organized hospital work and nurses wellbeing in a 24 hour shifts. Results We observed 58 main phases in the three work shifts. The technical actions are mainly those of any hospital wards (shift briefing, preparing and administering drugs, recording data on clinical …charts, etc.). We found important differences mainly due to the nurses overcontrol activities on the patients behavior (preventing suicides or self destructive behavior), the occurrence of restraint procedure towards patients, the pollution due to patient’s cigarette smoke. Discussion The fear of patient’s self destructive behavior or other aggressive behaviour are the main cognitive and social aspects of this hospital ward. Nurses working in this psychiatric ward have to accept: locked doors, poor and polluted environment, restraint procedure with high risk of aggression and no availability of mental health care programs. A new interdisciplinary concept for ergonomics in psychiatry setting may represent a challenge for both nurses and patients and the community. Show more

Keywords: psychiatric ward, ergonomics, health care workers, nurses, aggressions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0393-1832

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1832-1835, 2012

Authors: Sacouche, D. A. | Morrone, L.C. | Silva-Júnior, J.S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: In health care services, the workers from laundry and linen services are exposed to various occupational hazards, including the ergonomic risk. Were decided to study the effect of ergonomic factors at work in the musculoskeletal system for employees in this sector. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in a mid-sized general hospital in Brazil. Site visit was conducted to apply recognition of occupational hazards and work activities flow. Medical evaluation of twenty-one workers was performed for designing the health status of them, focusing on orthopedic disorders. Results: Their activities are to distribute clothes in all units of hospital care in order …to organize and maintain supplies. The principal complaints were back pain (43%) and shoulder pain (24%). The ergonomic risk happens due to repeated movements of lumbar flexion in sealing, raising the arms above shoulder level in storage and transportation of loads on the distribution of clean clothes. Conclusions: The complaints by workers are consistent with the overloads identified in the evaluation of jobs. It is recommended to adjust anthropometrically the sealing workplace; the availability of stairs; the implantation of trolleys with four swivel wheels; short breaks during the workday; and to stretch the muscles before and during work. Show more

Keywords: ergonomics, musculoskeletal disease, hospital distribution system, occupational health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0394-1836

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1836-1840, 2012

Authors: Cabral, A. | Souza e silva, M. | Louzada, E. | Cesar, W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the use of the Ergonomic Analysis of Work (EAW) in the process of rehabilitating workers, insured by the National Institute of Social Security (INSS) in Brazil, and to conduct a brief analysis of the instrument used by this body. Information obtained from EAW enabled the demand, the requirements of the activity and the skills needed to perform the tasks in the workplace to be determined, thus aiding the decision of the INSS as to rehabilitating the workers and their return to their jobs.

Keywords: professional rehabilitation, analysis of job, social security in Brazil

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0395-1841

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1841-1848, 2012

Authors: Bandeira, Maria Goreth | Diniz, Raimundo Lopes | Sardinha, Ana Hélia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The goal of this study was to comprehensively identify ergonomic constraints among nursing workers in two public hospitals in Brazil. We used a qualitative research design and conducted interviews, field observation and performed a subjective questionnaire with nurses of emergency care sectors. The Cronbach α technique was used to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire. Based on this qualitative study, we identified some ergonomic constraints related to work environment, biomechanics/anthropometrics, work organization and work station (hospital direction).

Keywords: nurses, ergonomic constraints, emergency care, public hospital

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0396-1849

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1849-1854, 2012

Authors: Sharan, Deepak | Ajeesh, PS

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This review targeted all research previously conducted on the topic of musculoskeletal disorders and injury among physiotherapists, with a particular focus on studies that had examined individual, physical and psychosocial risk factors and provided suggestions or recommendations to prevent such injuries. Scientific literature published in English languages was searched using electronic way. A total of 17 appropriate studies were located and examined, most of which had focused on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders/pan or any other injury. From the review, it was shown that major risk factors among the physiotherapist were manual therapy, repetitive movement, awkward and static posture, physical …load, lifting and transferring, treating large number of patients treating in a single day, working while injured, years of experience. The preventive measures that described in these literatures were awareness of reporting of injury, use of less manual therapy, proper exercise, formulation of new devices, intervention at the level of workplace, work schedule allocation, proper training, ongoing risk assessment and control. Show more

Keywords: “Work related musculoskeletal disorders”, “prevention mechanism”, “Ergonomics”

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0397-1855

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1855-1859, 2012

Authors: Maciel, D.P. | Millen, R.A.M. | Xavier, C.A. | Morrone, L.C. | Silva-Júnior, J.S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Experts in medical invasive evaluations, like colonoscopy, could be exposed to ergonomic risks during their work. Little attention has been given to these spectrum of occupational health. Its aimed to analyze possible clinical problems related to upper limb of physicians who perform those exams. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a health service in Sao Paulo, Brazil. For evaluation of the workplace of the colonoscopist physician were applied two tools: Couto´s check list and Sue Rodgers Method. The results direct the potential risk to upper limb injuries. Results: The procedure is done and the final report is issued. There are no …mandatory pauses during workday. The dominant hand holds the tube insertion with pincer movement during the exam, digital prehension being necessary at times. For this activity the employee has to use some strength. Couto´s check list indicates a significant biomechanical factor. Sue Rodgers´s Method states high ergonomic risk for dominant hand/wrist/fingers. Conclusion: The main risk for the development of health disorders are associated with the use of force and repetitive movements of hands. The adoption of regular breaks to recover most of the structures required is recommended. Show more

Keywords: colonoscopy, cumulative trauma disorders, occupational health, healthcare professional, ergonomics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0398-1860

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1860-1863, 2012

Authors: Long, Jennifer | Burgess-Limerick, Robin | Stapleton, Fiona

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Work-related musculoskeletal discomfort and injuries are reported by optometrists. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process used to investigate work-related discomfort in Australian optometrists. A multistage project was conducted which included questionnaires, interviews and onsite observations. Participants, with and without self-reported discomfort, included clinical optometrists, optometry students and clinical teachers. The various stages of the study developed over the course of the project, primarily in response to results collected at various stages. A multistage approach proved valuable for confirming results and testing hypotheses, and for investigating different groups of workers (clinicians, teachers and students). General guidelines to …reduce the risk of work-related discomfort in optometrists can be developed from this project. Specific recommendations and teaching curricula have been identified in this project as areas of future research and development. Show more

Keywords: education, guidelines, interview, observation, questionnaire

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0399-1864

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1864-1868, 2012

Authors: Lemo, A | Silva, A G | Tucherman, M | Talerman, C | Guastelli, R L | e Borba, C L

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The hospitals mostly have a high level of complexity, diversity of services and, consequently, occupational risks. The tasks of mobilization and manual repositioning of patients may require professional of the physical demands due to the weight or excessive patient dependency, attitudes arising from inadequate to lean on a bed or work in a restricted area, sudden weight change that can occur if a patient loses balance or strength to change the position or while moving. These, among many other factors can cause or aggravate musculoskeletal problems in health care workers. These diseases translate into frequent musculoskeletal complaints, high rates of …absenteeism, licenses and problems of prolonged labor, creating a vicious cycle that compromises patient safety and performance of institutions. The literature has suggested the administration of courses on handling and transportation of patients as one of the most important strategies to reduce the incidence of problems in the spine between the worker’s healths. An exercise program emphasizing global distension and strength, mainly the posterior chain muscles (dorsal region), held twice a week, combined with an approach to ergonomics can reduce musculoskeletal symptoms and absenteeism in nursing. Show more

Keywords: ergonomics, musculoskeletal disorders, nursing, hospital

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0400-1869

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1869-1872, 2012

Authors: Yeung, Simon S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study aims to preliminary explore the work related and individual factors that contributed to the occurrence of low back pain (LBP) that affected work activities of Personal Care Workers (PCWs). A cross-sectional study was conducted to 36 PCWs in an old age home of Hong Kong. The study is divided into three parts: 1) a questionnaire to document the workload exposure factors and the musculoskeletal symptoms survey of the PCWs, 2) work posture evaluation; and 3) an evaluation of the physical fitness and lifting capacity of the PCWs. Univariate analyses were used to explore the risk factors associated with …LBP that affected work activities. The results indicated that individual physical profile and lifting capacities did not contribute to occurrence of low back pain at work. For the work demand factors, the perceived physical demands in lifting and lowering heavy objects, awkward sustain neck and back postures, loading on the back, and perceived effort of cleaning task contributed to the occurrence of LBP. For the physical environment factors, thermal stress and improper ventilation were associated with the occurrence of LBP cases. For the individual factor, LBP cases were associated with workers’ self perceived muscular effort, and perceived risk of mental illness in response to work requirements. Show more

Keywords: Low back pain, risk factors, personal care workers

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0401-1873

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1873-1883, 2012

Authors: McCrory, Bernadette | Lowndes, Bethany R. | Wirth, Laura M. | de Laveaga, Adam E. | LaGrange, Chad A. | Hallbeck, M. Susan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Although laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) is feasible among expert laparoscopic surgeons, it poses many technical challenges not seen in conventional laparoscopy (CL). Recent technological advancements in single-incision instrumentation have created more interest and widespread usage of LESS. However, neither LESS nor its novel instrumentation have been thoroughly studied or evaluated using human factors and ergonomics techniques. Consequently, the aim of this study was to compare the physical performance of LESS to CL using a standardized task. Wrist and elbow angular movements, range of motion and physical discomfort were assessed for 24 novice participants. There were no significant differences for physical …comfort/discomfort ratings or elbow and wrist flexion/extension range of motion between CL and LESS. However, wrist radial/ulnar range of motion was significantly greater in LESS compared to CL (p < 0.05). Additionally, wrist radial/ ulnar range of motion was significantly greater using the SILS Port compared to the GelPOINT (p < 0.05). Although further investigation is needed, LESS resulted in greater wrist deviation and range of motion due to the close proximity of the instruments, restrictive nature of the single-port devices, and the need to achieve adequate instrument triangulation and visualization. Show more

Keywords: single-incision, laparoscopy, goniometry, human factors, simulation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0402-1884

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1884-1890, 2012

Authors: Sharan, Deepak | Ajeesh, PS | Rameshkumar, R | Manjula, M

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The patients of cerebral palsy need assistance for their self activities which expose the caregivers to different risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders. But there is a scarcity of studies revealing the prevalence and the risk factors present among the caregivers of the cerebral palsy children. This lead to formulate a study to identify prevalence and risk factors among the caregivers of cerebral palsy children. Result revealed that most of the caregivers among both the groups were female (63.4% and 69.3%). The common age group of the children who underwent multilevel surgery was at the age group of 6 – 10 …years. It has been observed that among the study group 56.5% were totally cooperative children. The Caregiver Strain Index value showed there is no significant difference among both the groups. Regional body pain of shoulder, elbow, upper back, lower back and ankle revealed a higher prevalence among the study group. Clinical diagnosis revealed prevalence of MPS, FMS and TOS among the study group were 27.6%, 24.5% and 23.0% respectively. Study further revealed that cooperativeness of the child was significantly associated with lower back pain, MPS, FMS and TOS among the study group. Show more

Keywords: “Modified Care givers Strain Index”, “visual analog scale”, “Lifting and carrying”

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0403-1891

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1891-1895, 2012

Authors: Kenny, Vélez V. Martha | Verónica, Nolivos | Fabricio, Alegría

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The pressure distribution on the plantar surface may reveal information not only about the feet structure, also it may bring out information about the entire body posture not only on health but also pathologic conditions. The application in ergonomics and ocupational health gives acces to the postural correction that on a long term may provoke professional injuries giving presition and security. This study is on 132 workers of Universidad de las Américas.

Keywords: baropodometric, ergonomics, pressure plantar, body posture, preventive injuries

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0404-1896

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1896-1899, 2012

Authors: Kenny, Vélez V. Martha | Verónica, Nolivos | Fabricio, Alegría

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The ergonomic risks constitute a vital aspect of study and prevention for the worker’s health, especially for people with different capacities. Very job has and implies certain type of risk for the worker’s health, depending on the conditions it is done with the use of tools or without them. Aplicated techniques: posturogram, baropodometry, Schober test, biocinemátic chain test, Fukuda test, propioceptiva plataform in personnel with special capabilities

Keywords: Ergonomic risk, posturogram, special capabilities, propioceptiva platform, preventive injuries

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0405-1900

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1900-1903, 2012

Authors: Samaras, Elizabeth A. | Real, Sara D. | Curtis, Amber M. | Meunier, Tessa S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Proper identification of all stakeholders and the comprehensive assessment of their evolving and often conflicting Needs, Wants, and Desires (NWDs) is a fundamental principle of human factors science and human-centered systems engineering; it is not yet a consistent element in development and deployment of new health information technologies (HIT). As the single largest group of healthcare professionals, nurses are critical stakeholders for these new technologies. Careful analysis can reveal nurse stakeholder dissonance (NSD) when integrating new technologies into the healthcare environment. Stakeholder dissonance is a term that describes the conflict between the NWDs of different stakeholders which, if left unresolved, …can result in dissatisfaction, workarounds, errors, and threats to patient safety. Three case studies drawn from the authors’ experience in a variety of acute-care settings where new HITs have been recently deployed are examined to illustrate the concept of NSD. Conflicting NWDs, other stakeholders, and possible root causes of the NSD are analyzed and mapped to threats to patient safety. Lessons learned, practical guidance for anticipating, identifying, and mitigating NSD, future research and implications for HFE and nursing practice are discussed. Show more

Keywords: ‘case studies’, CPOE, EMR, ‘human factors’

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0406-1904

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1904-1910, 2012

Authors: Smith, Elizabeth (Lizzy) M

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The effectiveness of occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS) can be understood through analysis of surveys such as the experiences of exposure to occupational hazards by Australian nursing occupations. How effectively OHSMS are implemented in the Australian health industry is unclear as few studies describe current hazard exposure patterns or the impact of OHSMS in the Australian health industry. This paper concludes from the analysis of an Exposure Survey of Australian nursing occupations that nursing occupations perceive themselves to be “at risk” of injury and/or management of OHS risk in work duties is affected by the patterns of hazard …exposure, occupation group as well as employee attributes, perceptions, patterns and situations of work. The results highlight the top-rated hazards and imply that the perceptions of hazards in the workplace are different to actual risk experience (e.g. injury patterns). There is an unacceptable level of exposure to diverse hazards in Australian nursing occupations workplaces in regard to regulatory and performance obligations. Stronger strategies to achieve more effective risk treatment, integrate with hospital accreditation and quality programs are discussed to benefit system performance and the welfare of those in nursing occupations. Show more

Keywords: hazard, exposure nursing, safety, systems

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0407-1911

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1911-1919, 2012

Authors: Battevi, Natale | Menoni, Olga

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: International standards highlight the steps required by risk assessment and involving first hazard identification, then risk evaluation and finally, if necessary, risk assessment. To check approach appropriateness to “risk evaluation” from manual patient handling through MAPO, a cross study was carried out in view of checking relationship between this new risk assessment model and occurrence of acute low back pain. After proper training the MAPO screening method was assessed in 31 wards, 411 exposed subjects of geriatric hospitals. At the same time health data were collected on occurrence of low back pain episodes during the last year both in the …exposed subjects’ group and the external reference group (n°237). Risk and clinical assessment data were tutored and checked by EPM research unit. The logistic analysis was used as a method to evaluate the relationship between risk index and acute low back pain. Investigating relationship between acute low back pain episodes and levels of MAPO screening index, carried out only with the people exposed who claimed to work for at least 30 hours per week (n = 178), showed definitely positive trends. The study results indicate that MAPO screening may represent a useful tool to estimate the risk from manual handling patients. Show more

Keywords: Lifting patients, low back pain, risk assessment, nurses

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0408-1920

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1920-1927, 2012

Authors: Luz, Taciana Ramos | de Oliveira Echternacht, Eliza Helena

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the factors that justify the low use of a mechanical transfer in the context of a long-term institution. It is a device intended for internal transportation of individuals who have mobility problems. The analysis involves researchers from the fields of health and engineering in order to generate design criteria that consider the needs of caregivers and patients of this institution. To understand the reality of this site and their specificities, was used Ergonomic Work Analysis.

Keywords: mechanical transfer, elderly, ergonomics, sling, transfer

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0409-1928

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1928-1932, 2012

Authors: Ribeiro, Sânzia Bezerra | Cárdia, Maria Claudia Gatto | Almeida, Lais Cristina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The objective present study was to investigate the presence of low back pain in caregivers of a nursing home, related with the labored activities executed by these workers. 16 subjects were investigated, 15 female and one male, with 40,8 age average all being caregivers as their profession. It consisted of three phases, where the first concerns the analysis of the collective work, assessed in a perspective of caregivers, Second, a postural assessment to verify the retractions in such workers and the third stage was used Diagram of Corllet to identify the presence of signs and symptoms in caregivers. The study …demonstrated that organizational and biomechanical factors are responsible for the high level of physical fatigue and presence of pain in 93,75% of the caregivers in some region of the body. 50% referred pain in the lumbar region. The results of the postural evaluation confirmed that the caregivers had alterations in the postural alignment, presenting retractions of the anterior and posterior chain. The suggestions are to minimize the risk factors of this productive process and the symptoms and signals presented from these workers by adoption ergonomic measures and the realization of a physical program with stretching and muscular strengthening of the muscles of thee anterior and posterior body chain based on the method of Reorganization Postural Sensoperceptive . Show more

Keywords: low back pain, caregivers, enderly, overload work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0410-1933

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1933-1939, 2012

Authors: Hermanson, James E. | Choi, Sang D.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Due to the cost and time benefits associated with patients and physicians, outpatient surgeries continue to become more and more popular over time. With the increase in the number of office-based surgical procedures, the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) associated with office-based surgeries has been reported. The purpose of this pilot study is to ergonomically evaluate the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of physicians/surgeons performing office-based surgery (OBS). Ergonomic assessment tools included Questionnaire, the BodyMap and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment for measuring potential ergonomic concerns. The findings have shown that the ergonomic issues of greatest concerns were the …discomforts in the neck, shoulders, arms/wrists, and back. Some additional comments were provided by the participants regarding the duration of discomfort or clarification on the frequency of their body discomfort. This study suggests that there is a considerable risk of musculoskeletal injuries of physicians/surgeons performing the OBS tasks. By properly using the ergonomic assessment techniques, valuable information on ergonomic OBS workplace design and selection could assist in the early interventions of WMSD prevention. Show more

Keywords: ergonomic assessment, body discomfort, work posture, musculoskeletal disorders, healthcare

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0411-1940

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1940-1943, 2012

Authors: Yu, Denny | Sackllah, Michael | Woolley, Charles | Kasten, Steven | Armstrong, Thomas

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present a quantitative posture analysis of microsurgery tasks performed with different visualization methods. Microsurgery is traditionally performed using a binocular microscope; however surgeons are constrained by the optical eyepieces and are forced to assume joint angles that deviate away from neutral postures. This may be especially problematic for the neck and can increase surgeon discomfort and fatigue. Alternative visualization methods may improve surgeon posture by eliminating the constraints imposed by the microscope. This study examines both 2D and 3D heads-up displays as possible alternatives. Six subjects performed microsurgical tasks with each visualization methods …for four hours. Quantitative posture analysis was done using Maxtraq software that tracks reflective markers on the subjects. The initial analysis of neck, upper arm, and elbow angles found significant differences between each display. A biomechanical analysis found that the differences in angles can result in loads on the neck joint that are twice as high in the microscope than the headsup displays. Although the alternative displays can result in better postures, improvements the display technology is needed to improve microsurgical task performance. Show more

Keywords: microscope, heads-up display, posture analysis, surgery

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0412-1944

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1944-1947, 2012

Authors: Samaras, George M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Healthcare information technology (HIT) is being offered as a transformer of modern healthcare delivery systems. Some believe that it has the potential to improve patient safety, increase the effectiveness of healthcare delivery, and generate significant cost savings. In other industrial sectors, information technology has dramatically influenced quality and profitability – sometimes for the better and sometimes not. Quality improvement efforts in healthcare delivery have not yet produced the dramatic results obtained in other industrial sectors. This may be that previously successful quality improvement experts do not possess the requisite domain knowledge (clinical experience and expertise). It also appears related to …a continuing misconception regarding the origins and meaning of work errors in healthcare delivery. The focus here is on system use errors rather than individual user errors. System use errors originate in both the development and the deployment of technology. Not recognizing stakeholders and their conflicting needs, wants, and desires (NWDs) may lead to stakeholder dissonance. Mistakes translating stakeholder NWDs into development or deployment requirements may lead to latent errors. Mistakes translating requirements into specifications may lead to drift errors. At the sharp end, workers encounter system use errors or, recognizing the risk, expend extensive and unanticipated resources to avoid them. Show more

Keywords: human factors, healthcare, technology, quality, improvement

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0413-1948

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1948-1955, 2012

Authors: Nascimento, Adelaide | Falzon, Pierre

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to understand the way in which medical physicists take into account treatment effectiveness and safety when selecting a treatment plan, with respect to the medical prescription and the technical, human and organizational resources available. Data-gathering was based on the allo-confrontation method: 14 medical physicists from five different treatment centers commented on real treatment plans that had been drawn up by their colleagues. Results show that medical physicists have two means at their disposal to control treatment effectiveness and safety: risk avoidance and risk reduction. Risk avoidance is achieved when conceiving the solution. Risk reduction …occurs after the design of the plan and consists in accompanying and assisting the radiographers at the work station where the treatment is carried out. Show more

Keywords: safety, effectiveness, quality, radiotherapy

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0414-1956

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1956-1960, 2012

Authors: Smith, Thomas J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper reports a comparative study of occupancy and patient care quality in four types of intensive care units in a children’s hospital,: an Infant Care Center (ICC), a Medical/Surgical (Med/Surg) unit, a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), each featuring a mix of multi-bed and private room (PR) patient care environments. The project is prompted by interest by the project sponsor in a pre-occupancy analysis, before the units are upgraded to exclusive PR designs. Methods comprised, for each unit: (1) observations of ergonomic design features; (2) task activity analyses of job performance of …selected staff; and (3) use of a survey to collect perceptions by unit nursing and house staff (HS) of indicators of occupancy and patient care quality. Conclusions: (1) the five most common task activities are interaction with patients, charting, and interaction with equipment, co-workers and family members; (2) job satisfaction, patient care, work environment, job, patient care team interaction, and general occupancy quality rankings by ICC and/or NICU respondents are significantly higher than those by other staff respondents; and (3) ergonomic design shortcomings noted are excess noise, problems with equipment, and work environment, job-related health, and patient care quality issues. Show more

Keywords: intensive care, private room design, occupancy quality

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0415-1961

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1961-1968, 2012

Authors: Van der Molen, Henk F. | Zwinderman, Koos AH | Sluiter, Judith K. | Frings-Dresen, Monique H.W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are frequently reported as occupational injuries among health care workers. The health effects of a NSI can be significant when blood-to-blood contact occurs from patient to health care worker. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the number of NSIs decreased among health care workers at risk in one Dutch academic hospital after introduction of injection needles with safety devices in combination with an interactive workshop. In a cluster threearmed randomized controlled trial, 23 hospital divisions (n=796 health care workers) were randomly assigned to a group that was subjected to the use of a …‘safety device plus workshop’, to a group that was subjected to a ‘workshop only’ or to a control group with no intervention. The combined intervention of the introduction of needle safety devices and an interactive workshop led to the highest reduction in the number of self-reported NSIs compared to a workshop alone or no intervention. For practice, the use of relatively simple protective needle safety devices and interactive communication are effective measures for reducing NSI’s. Show more

Keywords: needle stick injuries, prevention, health care

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0416-1969

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1969-1971, 2012

Authors: Cuvelier, L. | Falzon, P. | Granry, J.C. | Moll, M.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study aims to describe how anesthesia teams handle unforeseen events that may affect the patients’ health. More precisely, it investigates the mechanisms of decisions made by anesthesia teams to manage unthought-of situations, i.e. situations that have not been foreseen as “possible” ones before their occurrence. An empirical study, based on the analysis of simulated situations, was conducted in a pediatric anesthesia service of a university hospital in France. The results highlighted three ways of managing unthought-of situations (determined management, cautious management and overwhelmed management). They support the hypothesis of a collective cognitive trade-off, whereby teams would behave as virtual …operators, with their own collective trade-off between "understanding" and "doing". The discussion of the results questions the assessment criteria, the safety perspectives we adopt and the possible ways to improve the management of unforeseen situations. Show more

Keywords: patient safety, adaptive safety, simulation, team work, unexpectedness

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0417-1972

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1972-1979, 2012

Authors: Moody, Louise | Woodcock, Andree | Heelis, Mike | Chichi, Cynthia | Fielden, Simon | Stefanov, Dimitar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Wheelchair users experience many situations that affect the stability and associated performance of their wheelchair. Stability is affected by user characteristics and abilities, environmental features and conditions, and wheelchair modification and accessories. Wheelchair prescribers need effective tools and methods to provide quantitative evaluation and prediction of the behavior of the user-wheelchair system in a variety of static and dynamic situations. Such information is very important to guide efficient management of associated risks and adjust chairs accordingly. This project involves a user-centered approach for design and evaluation of a load cell based wheelchair stability assessment system (Wheel-SAS). Here, the current methods …for assessing stability are described, and their shortcomings explained. The user-centered design approach being applied to the development of the associated Wheel-SAS hardware and software is described. Future work including semi-structured interviews and an online survey with wheelchair prescribers and associated healthcare professionals for deriving user requirements and a design specification for a load cell system for measuring dynamic wheelchair stability are detailed. Show more

Keywords: wheelchair stability assessment, wheelchair prescription, Wheel-SAS

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0418-1980

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1980-1984, 2012

Authors: Willemen, Tim | Van Deun, Dorien | Verhaert, Vincent | Pirrera, Sandra | Exadaktylos, Vasileios | Verbraecken, Johan | Haex, Bart | Sloten, Jos Vander

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Ergonomic sleep studies benefit from long-term monitoring in the home environment to cope with daily variations and habituation effects. Polysomnography allows to asses sleep accurately, but is costly, time-consuming and possibly disturbing for the sleeper. Actigraphy is cheap and user friendly, but for many studies lacks accuracy and detailed information. This proof-of-concept study investigates Least-Squares Support Vector Machines as a tool for automatic sleep stage classification (Wake-N1-Rem to N2-N3 separation), using automatic trainingset-specific filtered features as derived from three easy to register signals, namely heart rate, breathing rate and movement. The algorithms are trained and validated using 20 nights out …of a 600 night database from over 100 different healthy persons. Different training and test set strategies were analyzed leading to different results. The more person-specific the training nights to the test nights, the better the classification accuracy as validated against the hypnograms scored by experts from the full polysomnograms. In the limit of complete person-specific training, the accuracy of the algorithm on the test set reached 94%. This means that this algorithm could serve its use in long-term monitoring sleep studies in the home environment, especially when prior person-specific polysomnographic training is performed. Show more

Keywords: LS-SVM, actigraphy, polysomnography

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0419-1985

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1985-1989, 2012

Authors: Luz, Taciana Ramos | de Oliveira Echternacht, Eliza Helena

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study aims to describe the painfulness applied to situations of teaching-learning of a Big Band in a School of Music of a Brazilian Federal University. Moreover, the concept of what painful noise is will be developed, applied to this context. After Ergonomic Work Analysis [2], the following variables were selected to characterize the painful noise: volume, height, frequency, sound confluence and reverberation. To relate the influence of painful noise on modes operatives, were explained the operative strategies used by teacher and students during the performance in group of this Big Band.

Keywords: painful, insalubrities, noise, musicians, Big Band

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0420-1990

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1990-1993, 2012

Authors: Smith, Jan R. | Lombard, Wesley R. | Shaba, Moses N.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Accurate sound source localization has advantages for the performance of work by humans. The ability to accurately localize sound sources contributes to perception, decision making and task performance. Two studies were conducted to investigate the prevalence of accurate sound source localization and the enhancement that spatially separated sound source locations can have on speech perception. The first study was conducted to characterize the ability to detect the location of horizontal plane sound sources. A sample of 117 participants with the hearing capacity within the normal limits participated in the study. The results indicated that sound sources located towards the front …of the participant were identified more frequently than those sound sources located towards the rear positions. Based on the results found in the first study, a second study was conducted to assess performance within a listening task. Three different spatial configurations were used to assess if similar trends in performance translated to sound sources through headphones. Fifteen research participants performed a Coordinated Response Measure (CRM) task requiring the identification of a speech phrase and its associated information for a diotic configuration and two different spatial sound source configurations. Performance measured for the diotic configuration was significantly (p(0.05) less than for the two spatial configurations. The current studies indicate distinct advantages of utilizing localized sound sources to present auditory signal and speech to listeners. Show more

Keywords: diotic, binaural, CRM

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0421-1994

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 1994-2000, 2012

Authors: Campos, Izabel Carolina Martins | da Cruz Serafim, Alessandra | Custódio, Kamilla Valler | da Silva, Lizandra | Cruz, Roberto Moraes

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Programs geared towards the occupational health of public workers, that include the prevention of moral harassment, have been created in Santa Catarina. Any institution identified for its poor records in regards to moral harassment will end up having its image tainted before society at large. This is due to its use of arbitrary and embarrassing means for accomplishing everyday tasks. This article aims to consider Workplace Psychological Harassment (WPH), its risks and implications for the health of public workers. The methodology chosen was a teacher’s case study, which consisted of document research, interviews, anamnesis and observation, all in order to …relate both theory and practice. The results indicate that WPH is a complex phenomenon, which can be studied in a variety of ways. WPH risks the biopsychosocial health of the worker, causing the deterioration in social-professional relations, illness, and incapacity, as well as higher costs and certain degradation in production. It is difficult to prove incidents and their impact. Nevertheless, this research concluded that WPH has harmful consequences for the physical and mental health of workers, and is in the ergonomic field, since part of this profession’s role is to seek understanding of work in order to reorganize it. Show more

Keywords: moral harassment, illness, teaching, public employee

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0422-2001

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2001-2007, 2012

Authors: Goossens, R.H.M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: It is well known that people that sit or lie down for prolonged periods change their posture on a regular basis. Even when people are asleep on average 20-40 postural can be observed during an 8 hours period of night rest. One of the reasons that can be found in literature for this ‘urge to move’ is that these movements are necessary to persevere the blood flow in the tissue. The aim of this paper is to study the relation between tissue perfusion and pressure on the tissue and frequency of the load cycle. Each subject is subjected to a …treatment scheme that varies in pressure and frequency of the load on the tissue. The pressure levels that are used are 2.7 kPa, 4.0 kPa and 5.3 kPa and the frequency levels that are used are loading/unloading at intervals of 5 min., 10 min., 15 min. Statistics shows that for 2.7 kPa there is a significant reduction of blood flow between time intervals of 5 min. and 10 min. (P=0.028), and 5 min. and 15 min. (p=0.009). Statistics also shows that there is no significant reduction in blood flow at the time interval of 10 minutes, for every level of pressure. This series of measurements seems to suggest that at the time interval of 10 minutes for every level of pressure the blood flow does not decrease compared to the start situation. Show more

Keywords: bed, mattress, blood perfusion

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0423-2008

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2008-2011, 2012

Authors: Draicchio, Francesco | Silvetti, Alessio | Forzano, Federico | Iavicoli, Sergio | Ranavolo, Alberto

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study analyzed a post office clerk’s tasks, comparing two workstation models. The clerk was facing the client in one, and seated at 45° to the counter in the other. We analyzed the most frequent tasks and those presenting the most critical points: 1) payment of a postal order; 2) accepting a registered letter, breaking them down into subtasks. We used an optoelectronic system for kinematic analysis, and calculated the range of motion of the trunk and arms in the three spatial planes. The 45( position required less torsion of the trunk and head when using the printer, placed to …the left of the employee. A larger worktop improved the workstation, leaving more room for equipment and allowing the worker to sit frontally to the monitor. However, this solution involved a shorter distance between the worker and the client with longer extension of the shoulder and elbow and less trunk flexion. These findings suggested a modification in the layout that shortens the distance between the worker and client. Show more

Keywords: ergonomic redesign, biomechanics, posture

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0424-2012

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2012-2016, 2012

Authors: Sá, Maria Manuel | Azevedo, Rui | Martins, Maria Cristina | Machado, Osvaldo | Tavares, João

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study aims to create awareness, both within the scientific community and among providers of sports facilities, for individuals with impaired or reduced mobility, promoting the development of technical solutions that allow greater autonomy and social integration of people with disabilities. The purpose of this work is, on the one hand, to evaluate the accessibility of sports facilities for people with reduced mobility and, on the other hand, to investigate why this user group has such low rates of participation in sporting activities. Firstly, using the Portuguese norms and legislation transcribed from European Community directives, a check list was created …comprising all the items that sports facilities should abide by in order to provide accessibility and safety to people with reduced mobility. Another questionnaire was designed aimed at this user group, with questions pertaining to their desire and ability to use sports facilities. This questionnaire was distributed in Portugal, in the greater metropolitan area of Porto, to users of Rehabilitation Centres and Physiotherapy Clinics. The results obtained from the check-list showed the compliances and non-compliances of the respective sports facilities, proving that many barriers preventing the participation of people with reduced mobility still exist. Twenty-four people with permanent impairment of the lower extremities (paraplegia) answered the questionnaire pertaining to the desire and ability to perform physical activity. Two individuals (8%) had sporting activities available to them in their area of residence and only five (21%) performed any physical activity. The main reason given for not taking part in any activity was the lack of adapted sports facilities. All the participants felt that taking part in sports is beneficial. The benefits stated were: general well-being and development of the psychomotor component (e.g. coordination, balance, body posture), of physical condition (e.g. strength, resistance, flexibility) and social integration and quality of life. Besides wellbeing, they also mentioned social interaction, a way of occupying their time and an escape from the routine as the main motives for which they would like to take up physical exercise. Show more

Keywords: accessibility, safety, sports facilities, conditioned mobility

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0425-2017

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2017-2023, 2012

Authors: Tosetto, Thaís | Orsi, Flávia Giuntini

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Among the indicators of Decent Work in Brazil, the one referring to the "Safe Working Environment" was the only which had no improvement in the time series analyzed by the International Labor Organisation. There is an increased number of accidents with significant economic and social impacts. Given that many of these accidents involve the hands and cause functional sequels, this paper presents an integration between the approaches of Hand Therapy and Ergonomics in order to facilitate the process of rehabilitation and reintegration, as well as acting to prevent further accidents, thus contributing to the promotion of Decent Work in the …country, particularly with regard to safety and health at work and equal opportunities. Show more

Keywords: integration, vocational rehabilitation, hand therapy, ergonomics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0426-2024

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2024-2029, 2012

Authors: Fraysse, François | Daniell, Nathan | Paul, Gunther

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Bedsores (ulcers) are caused by multiple factors which include, but are not limited to; pressure, shear force, friction, temperature, age and medication. Specialised support services, such as specialised mattresses, sheepskin coverings etc., are thought to decrease or relieve pressure, resulting in a lowering of pressure ulcer incidence [3]. The primary aim of this study was to compare the upper/central body pressure distribution between normal lying in a hospital bed versus the use of a pressure redistribution belt. The study involved 16 healthy voluntary subjects lying on a hospital bed with and without wearing the belt. Results showed that the use …of a pressure redistribution belt results in reduced pressure peaks and prevents the pressure from increasing over time. Show more

Keywords: pressure ulcers, bedsores, pressure mapping, pressure redistribution

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0427-2030

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2030-2036, 2012

Authors: Park, Sung | Yim, Jinho | Lee, Goeun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Long-term use of medical imaging devices requires significant improvements to the user experience. One factor that impact upon such experience is whether the device is ergonomically built, ecologically designed, and leverages the current medical practice. In this research, we took a holistic and systematic approach to design an effective and biomechanically-fit ultrasound system. Research methods from behavior science (e.g., contextual inquiry, pseudo experiments) had been adopted to involve the users (sonographers) early in the design process. The end results – product design guideline for a cart type ultrasound system and control panel layout – were reviewed by the users and …adjusted so that the design is within the range of an acceptable learning curve while maintaining innovativeness, a differentiated value over competitor’s ultrasound devices. Show more

Keywords: antropometrics, biomechanics, contextual inquiry, ergonomics, medical device, product design, user experience, user research, system design

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0428-2037

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2037-2042, 2012

Authors: Marquezea, Elaine C | Lemosa, Lucia C | Soaresa, Nilson | Lorenzi-Filhob, Geraldo | Morenoa, Claudia R.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the relationship between working at night and increased body weight in nursing. In addition, we evaluated the differences in the proportion of variables sociodemographic, work and health, according to the work shift and their association with body mass index. Methods: Based on questionnaires, we obtained data from 446 nursing professionals about aspects of their job, health and lifestyle. We performed linear and logistic regression analysis. Results: Working at night is associated with a weight gain greater than (β=0.24 kg/m2) working during the day (β=0.15 kg/m2), as well as with aging (β=0.16 kg/m2) and duration of working in …nursing (β=0.18 kg/m2). Night workers have a higher educational level, have been working for more years in nursing and also in the current shift, do not have diabetes and have reported longer sleep than day workers. There are also a higher number of smokers among the night workers than day workers. Logistic regression analysis also showed the more time to work in nursing and as an assistant was more likely to develop overweight/obesity. Conclusion: Working at the night contributes to more weight gain than the day shift, aging and duration of working in nursing. Show more

Keywords: shift work, weight gain, nursing professionals, night work, body mass index

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0429-2043

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2043-2048, 2012

Authors: Borba, A | Santos, A | Santos, Y | Porto, F

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Respiratory disease in childhood is a factor of concern to health professionals, resulting in a primary determinant of lung function in adulthood. Studies indicate that people placed in areas with established industries, are exposed to pollutants from many industrial processes, thus increasing the risk of diseases. The aim was to examine the connection between exposure to cement and the incidence of respiratory diseases in the Jardins Community. It was a field study, descriptive, conducted in a community in the city of Cabedelo- PB, and result in a qualitative-quantitative approach. The sample comprised 51 children aged between 1 to 12 years …who have symptoms or diagnosis of respiratory disease. The survey data was obtained by applying a semistructured interview, and analysed using chi-square, MacNemar and Mann-Whitney tests for statistical analysis. A high number of complaints about environmental pollution, small houses and subdued, lack of paving and sanitation, a high frequency of respiratory symptoms and especially the occurrence of the onset of symptoms after arrival in the community were found. There is a correlation between environmental exposure and the incidence of respiratory diseases in children; therefore the community requires specific actions to reduce the exposure. Show more

Keywords: Environmental Pollutants, Environmental Illness, Health Profile

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1015-2049

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2049-2055, 2012

Authors: Comper, Maria Luiza C. | Costa, Leonardo O.P. | Padula, Rosimeire S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Most instruments used by occupational safety and health professionals have been originally developed in English. Cross-cultural adaptation enables the use of these instruments in other countries, cultures and languages in countries like Brazil, where the official language is not English. This methodology ensures that the translation process includes the cultural and linguistic equivalence between the original instrument and the translated version. Therefore, this study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the instrument Quick Exposure Check (QEC) into Brazilian-Portuguese. The process of cross-cultural adaptation followed the steps of translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review and pretesting. The final questionnaire was pretested …by two raters in 40 workers employed in an expedition of knitting and textile industry. All versions resulting from the translation process (T1, T2) and back-translation (BT1, BT2) showed good agreement. During the pre-test was not presented any difficulty in understanding or completing the instrument adapted QEC for Brazilian language. Show more

Keywords: musculoskeletal disorders, ergonomic risk factors, occupational health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0430-2056

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2056-2059, 2012

Authors: Campos, Izabel C. Martins | da Silva, Lizandra | Trevisan, Rafaela Luiza | Cruz, Roberto Moraes

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Moral Harassment at Work (MHW) is considered a recurrent practice of humiliation, mockery, isolation, persecution and psychological torture. Its results go beyond the worker private life: represent financial loss, affects the work, the organization, the productivity and the society. This article aims to develop a model of MHW, which characterizes the main components of the phenomenon and their nexus with the inability to work. For this, the Literature field is consulted, in order to identify systematically, the MHW components and their risky factors. The results showed a multifaceted model which demonstrates: the aggressor/victim and the configuration of the Moral Harassment …at Work causes. The management of the degraded work. The characteristic features of the inability to work, caused on the victim. The MHW modalities and as a final product, the integration among these components. It is expected that this model can help the Ergonomist comprehending this phenomenon and contribute on the creation of some strategies of prevention on the workplace. It is concluded that the removal or minimization of this occupational risks requires some changes on the job organization, on the people`s behaviour, the leadership styles, on the humanization of the social labor relationship and on the coping this problem. Show more

Keywords: moral harassment at work, degraded work, ergonomics, inability to work, theoretical model

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0431-2060

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2060-2067, 2012

Authors: da Silva, Charles Ricardo Leite | Soares, Marcelo Marcio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This research deals with the design of leaflets of medicines, evidencing the problems resulting from the lack of Brazilian normalization to promote the use of the graphical representation of instructional texts warnings. It approaches studies related to the effectiveness and efficiency of information systems, highlighting the semiotics and the cultural and informational ergonomics. The analysis of the context uses as method, an analytical study on selected warnings of thirty leaflets of medicines, followed by interviews lead with the public managers involved with the regulation of the pharmaceutical companies, and two experiments with users performed in city of Recife, in State …of Pernambuco: one aiming at to identify how they interact with the leaflets of medicines, and the second one testing their understanding concerning standardized illustrations in the United States and the South Africa. The results show the need for improvements in presentation and graphic representation of leaflets of medicines, powering them to the role of communication, to ensure the consumption of medicine safely by its users. The conclusion congregates parameters and recommendations for the graphic representation of warnings in leaflets of medicines in Brazil. Show more

Keywords: medicines, ergonomics, visual representation, cultural ergonomics, public health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0432-2068

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2068-2071, 2012

Authors: Wilkowsk, Wiktoria | Ziefle, Martina | AlagÖZ, Firat

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In recent years, due to the demographical change and the resulting overload of healthcare systems, there has been an increasing interest focusing on the global proliferation of assistive medical technologies (=E-health) in home environments. The present study examines how users’ diversity influences the readiness to adopt novel medical technologies, comparing users’ attitudes in terms of perceived advantages and disadvantages in three technically and culturally different countries: Germany, Poland and Turkey. This investigation also intended to verify if acceptance of information and communication technologies is associated with the sensitive acceptance of E-health. Results revealed overall a considerably higher motivation to use …medical technology compared to perceived barriers, with Polish users more willing to use E-health, higher than German or Turkish ones. Older participants showed a highly positive attitude, comparable to young and middle-aged respondents’ receptiveness, differing from the latter in terms of greater appreciation of the advantage of higher independency when being supported by medical technology. With respect to gender, woman showed higher motivation to use E-health technology than men, although utilization barriers were not gendered. Following these results, an unconditional transfer of acceptance from information and communication to medical technology is not justified. Show more

Keywords: aging, E-health technology, culture, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0433-2072

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2072-2080, 2012

Authors: Po-Chan, Yeh | Cherng-Yee, Leung

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Walker operation completely relies on the walker handle, however most marketed walkers possess two horizontal handles. Several researchers have suggested that horizontal handles might lead to wrist injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the relevant design aspects of walker for elderly people. 28 elders participated in this study; when the experiment was started, subject walked on the tile for 3 meter distance twice by using walker. Data for analysis were selected at the corresponding wrist deviation and vertical force. The results showed that during walker using, the mean wrist deviation was greater than zero. The largest …vertical force is significantly larger than the smallest one, and different wrist deviation occurred at three phases, the largest wrist deviation while raising walker is larger than the smallest one, however, no significant different was found between the largest and smallest wrist deviation while pressing walker. No significant correlation occurred between weight and wrist deviation. The correlation between weight and vertical force was significantly positive. With wrist deviation walker use may cause injury to upper-limb, however wrists remain in a neutral position during hand movement to prevent damage. The findings of this study should improve the design of walker handles to reduce the wrist deviations of users. Show more

Keywords: walker, aging, wrist deviation, handle design

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0434-2081

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2081-2085, 2012

Authors: Goossens, R.H.M. | Netten, M.P. | Van der Doelen, B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Since the introduction of ergonomic guidelines in the design of office chairs, a lot of effort has been put in designing these office chairs accordingly. Because these features all have to be adjusted in different ways (mostly a knob underneath the seat surface), and because every office chair offers different solutions, often users do not use all of the adjustments, and thus do not use the office chair an the optimal ergonomic way. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of feedback on sitting habits of office workers in a field test during 4 weeks. 40 office …workers were selected for this test (13 male, 27 female). They were divided in three groups. A control group, a group that received a sitting instruction and a group that received sitting instruction and feedback on their posture every hour that they sit. The results show that there is an effect in average increase in basic posture on both the group that received instruction and the group that received feedback. This effect decreases over time. There was no effect in the control group. Show more

Keywords: sitting instruction, field study, smart technology

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0435-2086

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2086-2088, 2012

Authors: An, Vatana | Soares, Marcelo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A usability evaluation technique to evaluate user interfaces is introduces. The technique is effective and affordable for small manufacturing companies. By using this technique, an integration of users’ feedbacks and some usability concepts, a product can be 3 times easier to use among potential users and more than 5 times easier to use among motivated users. In addition, the technique can be implemented with the company’s employees as participants.

Keywords: interface, improvement, evaluate, deliver, result

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0436-2089

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2089-2096, 2012

Authors: Biquand, Sylvain | Zittel, Benoit

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now considered in large and global companies and the recent publication of the ISO 26000 standard clarifies the targets. Based on our consultancy’s experience for fifteen years in ergonomics mainly in French small and medium enterprises, we developed a label to coax and value efforts of companies in dealing with health and safety at the work place as required by ISO 26000 paragraph 6.4. The formal approach of ISO describes what should be achieved but gives no cue on how actual conditions of work should be improved. The label, called Démarche T (ie Process W …where W stands for work) aims the management of work conditions as a process, giving visibility and credit to companies for their continuous involvement in the matter. We describe the items and processes that are part of our assessment. We first conduct an ergonomic diagnosis including the analysis of records on health, physical and psychological well-being, observations at the workplace and interviews with the workers. This diagnosis is followed by recommendations. The fulfillment of these is assessed yearly. Items under assessment include: - ergonomics, health and safety in the companies statements and their impact in actual project management; - relations with workers through the committee for health and safety; - actual results on health, safety and work conditions. On a local level, we give the companies passing the label a competitive edge in recruiting better candidates motivated by good work conditions, and help them fulfill ISO 26000 requirements, an increasingly decisive advantage to benefit from public regional and European support. Our paper describes the diagnosis and follow-up process. Show more

Keywords: ISO 26000, ergonomics, work conditions, social responsibility

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0437-2097

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2097-2100, 2012

Authors: Jacques, Jocelise J. | Guimarães, Lia B.M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This work is based on the study of pioneering sustainable product development initiatives, and the analysis was guided by the cradle-to-cradle concept, which sees the waste of a given process as raw material for another, just like it happens in nature. Several studies on human factors have focused on factory conditions and workers dealing with product assembly. This research, however, relates more to consumer behavior, product use and end-of-life. The purchase of more environmentally- friendly products, in particular, is heavily influenced by the information made available by the companies. In this scenario, this article discusses three early but notable efforts …on green product development, focusing on the disclosure practices adopted by the companies regarding the composition of their products. Research and data collection has focused on the footwear industry, whose products satisfy a basic human need and are ubiquitous worldwide. The use of hazardous materials and chemicals in shoe manufacturing, particularly the use of chromium – a highly toxic element – in addition to toxic solvents and adhesives and non-recyclable synthetic materials can pose serious risks to human health and the environment, even though the consumer usually is not aware of all the relevant characteristics of this kind of product. Show more

Keywords: sustainable product development, sustainable production, footwear industry, green products

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0438-2101

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2101-2108, 2012