Work - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Liddiard, Katrina J. | Raynor, Annette J. | DeJong, Helen | Brown, Cary A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: People with chronic pain may seek rehabilitation to reduce pain and restore productivity and valued roles. Theoretically, a biopsychosocial approach makes rehabilitation more meaningful, however, the limited research on meaningful rehabilitation predominantly describes the perspective of therapists and researchers. The client’s perspective of meaningfulness in rehabilitation is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the experience of meaningfulness in rehabilitation from the perspective of people with chronic pain. METHOD: Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Australian adults who had chronic pain and recent experience of occupational therapy or physiotherapy. Sampling continued until thematic saturation occurred. Transcripts were coded …and analyzed using theory-driven and data-driven thematic analysis. RESULTS: Ten participants (four males; six females) were interviewed. Pain histories ranged from nine months to 20+ years, with conditions such as fibromyalgia or trauma. Three themes from a prior concept analysis were upheld, and a further three data-driven themes emerged. Results indicate that people with chronic pain seek a “genuine connection ”; from a therapist who is “credible ”; and can become a “guiding partner ”, and they find rehabilitation meaningful when it holds “personal value ”; is “self-defined ”; and relevant to their sense of “self-identity ”. CONCLUSIONS: The genuine connection and guiding partnership with a credible therapist, that is sought by people with chronic pain, may be at odds with aspects of contemporary rehabilitation. Client-defined meaningfulness is an important construct to engage clients in treatment and improve work and other occupational outcomes for people with chronic pain. Show more

Keywords: Partner, power, pain management, therapeutic alliance, client-centered therapy

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220119

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2022

Authors: Mohammadfam, Iraj | Khajevandi, Ali Asghar | Dehghani, Hesam | Babamiri, Mohammad | Farhadian, Maryam | Rezaei, Reza

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mines are often home to many dangers with a high rate of accidents and occupational diseases. One of the most effective ways to prevent these adverse incidents is to identify and control the influential factors causing human error in design and the ensuing negative consequences. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore, categorize and prioritize factors affecting human errors in the mine design process. METHODS: The study has a mixed-method design combining qualitative and quantitative data. In the qualitative phase, the required data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with 12 surface mine designers. The causes …of errors were extracted and categorized by the latent content analysis using MAXQDA2022 software. The identified causes in the qualitative phase were sent to expert designers in Q tables, and the data were analyzed by factor analysis. RESULTS: Of the identified codes in the qualitative phase, 40 main themes in five different categories (individual, organizational, external, task, and environmental factors) were determined as causes. The results of the quantitative phase suggest the existence of four different mental patterns regarding the causes of design errors (DEs). The data analysis also shows that organizational and personal factors, particularly supervision and inspection, experience, and technical knowledge, were the strongest causes of DEs and environmental (hotness, coldness, indoor air quality, and noise) and external (work-family conflict) factors being the weakest ones. CONCLUSION: This study not only identifies and categorizes the causes of design errors in the mining industry but also suggests some control strategies for these errors based on the mental patterns of the experts. Show more

Keywords: Accidents, design error, qualitative study, Q-methodology, mines

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220291

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2022

Authors: Hennaert, S. | Decuman, S. | Désiron, H. | Braeckman, L. | De Baets, S. | Van de Velde, D.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A frame of reference is needed to increase the comparability of vocational rehabilitation assessment instruments and the interpretation of their results. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a relevant framework, and when linking rules are used, items from existing assessment instruments can be linked to the appropriate categories as described in the ICF. OBJECTIVE: To develop an adapted linking methodology in which experts are involved by means of the application of consensus methods and to transfer this result in a step-by-step set of guidelines, supporting researchers and professionals, linking complex instruments to the …ICF. METHODS: The main researcher developed the initial linking of the Integration von Menschen mit Behinderungen in die Arbeitswelt (IMBA) to the ICF by rigorously applying the refined ICF linking rules. To validate this linking, the Delphi and nominal group technique was integrated through different steps, and experts were involved in the process. The method section describes the linking process chronologically with focuses on the used approach, the involvement of experts, and the processing of the output. RESULTS: The results are presented in a 7-step set of guidelines describing the chronological process from the initial to the validated linking. These guidelines describe the core elements in the application of the linking rules and consensus methods in a manual for researchers who are interested in linking complex instruments to the ICF by involving experts. CONCLUSIONS: The Delphi and nominal group technique can be successfully integrated in the linking process, making it possible to involve experts in linking complex instruments to the ICF. A homogeneous composition of the expert panel in terms of knowledge, a heterogeneous composition in terms of setting, a rigorous and repeated application of the linking rules, and structured processing of the output are essential to achieve a valid linking. Show more

Keywords: Delphi technique, nominal group technique, linking rules, international classification of functioning, disability and health, return to work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-210256

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2022

Authors: Sejdiu, Rrahim | Sylejmani, Blertë | Idrizi, Lulzim | Bajraktari, Agron | Sejdiu, Muharrem

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary school children spend quite a lot of time sitting in classrooms. For this reason, it is necessary to make a scientific analysis of children’s body dimensions and compare them with the furniture dimensions where they sit. OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this paper is to present anthropometric data for pupils in primary schools in the Republic of Kosovo and give recommendations for school furniture design. METHODS: Measurements were made in the public schools of four different regions in the Republic of Kosovo. The study includes 720 children from 12 different elementary schools with first …and fifth graders (6–11 years old).- Twelve body parts were measured: Stature, sitting height, shoulder height, lower leg length, hip breadth, elbow height, buttock-popliteal length, thigh clearance, eye height, shoulder breadth, and knee height. The descriptive data are calculated in terms of average, standard deviation, and 5th, 50th and 95th percentile. RESULTS: We recommend that the competent authorities in the Republic of Kosovo consider improving the infrastructure of primary schools in terms of furniture size according to the findings presented in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The information presented in this paper on pupils’ anthropometry and the proposed dimensions for school furniture can be used by various bodies in Kosovo including, but not limited to: Ministry of Education Science and Technology,Ministry of Trade and Industry of Kosovo and furniture manufacturing industries as basic information for suitable furniture design for primary school children, as well as school principals to help in furniture selection. Show more

Keywords: Furniture, children, discrepancy, school, anthropometric, measurements

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220023

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2022

Authors: Bilgin, Nurcan | Kutlu, Adalet

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: While individuals’ thoughts and behaviors are shaped according to their environment’s cultural characteristics, the managers’ values also shape organizational culture. Therefore, the concepts of person–organization fit and person–job fit can also be affected by the managers’ culture. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to examine the relationships between organization, job fit and cultural values of nurse managers working in university hospitals in Turkey. METHODS: This research is a cross-sectional analytical study. The research sample comprised 391 nurse managers working in the 20 university hospitals in Turkey. The research data were collected via an information form, individual cultural …values scale, person–organization fit scale (POFS), and person–job fit scale (PJFS). Descriptive statistics were computed to define demographic characteristics. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between numeric variables. RESULTS: The means of the nurse managers’ power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, masculinity, long-term orientation scores were 3.03, 5.98, 5.34, 3.02, and 5.60, respectively. The means of the nurse managers’ POFS and PJFS scores were 3.33 and 4.13, respectively. There was a positive relationship among power distance and long-term orientation dimensions and person–organization fit, while there was a negative relationship between the masculinity dimension and person–job fit (p  < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the nurse managers’ individual cultural values were related to the organization and job fit. In this context, it is worth considering the individuals’ cultural values in nurse recruitment and selection processes. Show more

Keywords: Culture, nursing, organization fit, job fit, Hofstede.

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220152

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2022

Authors: Yağar, Fedayi | Dökme Yağar, Sema

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Reducing the level of organizational silence can play an important role in the work-related decisions of nurses. However, to date a comprehensive study investigating the effect of organizational silence on work engagement, intention to leave, and job performance levels of nurses has yet to be conducted. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explain the effect of organizational silence on work engagement, intention to leave, and job performance of nurses. METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of 224 nurses. The Organizational Silence Scale, the Job Performance Scale, the Intention to Leave Scale, and the Work Engagement …Scale were used to collect data in this study and the Pearson correlation test and regression tests were used in the data analysis. RESULTS: It was observed that organizational silence was negatively correlated with job performance (r  = –0.455) and work engagement (r  = –0.242), and positively correlated with intention to leave (r  = 0.440) (p  < 0.01). Regression analysis also illustrated that dimensions of organizational silence have a significant effect on job performance, intention to leave, and work engagement. CONCLUSION: A decrease in the organizational silence level of nurses is effective in decreasing intention to leave and increasing work engagement and job performance levels. Nurses should be able to express their opinions clearly towards other healthcare professionals and management and management should provide this working environment for nurses. To increase work engagement and job performance levels and decrease intention to leave, meetings and educational programs that reduce organizational silence might be developed at an organizational level by management. Show more

Keywords: Organizational silence, work engagement, intention to leave, job performance

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-210192

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2022

Authors: Ryu, Ganghyun | Jung, Inhwan | Han, Minsoo | Ju, Hyungang | Jung, Younju | Jeong, Sungwoo | Kim, Sujin | Bahn, Sangwoo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of home delivery services has expanded due to coronavirus disease – 2019, and couriers’ high level of work intensity has become a severe social issue in various nations. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) caused by frequent loading and unloading actions, known to be the most demanding tasks for couriers. METHODS: A self-report survey and post-hoc interview were employed to collect personal information, task frequency, and the incidence of MSDs. Frequent actions during loading and unloading packages were identified, and the Rapid Entry Body Assessment (REBA) and National …Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equations were assessed. RESULTS: Approximately 29.5% of the 44 subjects suffered from MSDs, and identify the types of actions that frequently occur during loading and unloading packages. According to the REBA survey, 60% of the responses for both loading and unloading are distributed within the risk range of 8–13 points, suggesting a high risk (mean REBA score: 8.8 (loading), 8.5 (unloading)). In every case, NIOSH determined that the lifting index (LI) was harmful (mean LI: 1.62). Thereby, the bending or twisting posture of the hands and neck, long horizontal distance between the packages and the body, and high lifting frequency were identified as major problems. CONCLUSION: The study identified a very high level of musculoskeletal risk for couriers, and the detailed working methods and body parts vulnerable to MSDs. Show more

Keywords: Courier, loading and unloading, musculoskeletal disorders, REBA, NIOSH lifting guidelines

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220116

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2022

Authors: Khanehshenas, Farin | Mazloumi, Adel | Dabiri, Roya | Adinevand, Somaye Noorali

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Fatigue, as a persistent and serious occupational hazard, plays an important role in traffic accidents by reducing the driver’s ability to maneuver with the vehicle and increasing the likelihood of falling asleep at the wheel. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the individual contextual factors, sleep condition, lifestyle, job characteristics, environmental, and economic conditions that affect the fatigue and alertness of Iranian suburban bus drivers. METHODS: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was used for this study. Non-probability sampling was used to study 401 suburban bus drivers from Tehran province, Iran, ranging in age …from 24 to 67 years. The SPSS22 statistical software V27 was used for the analysis. RESULTS: Approximately half of the participants (50.5% ) had experienced fatigue while driving in the previous six months. According to a logistic regression analysis, the contextual factors were all independently related to falling asleep and fatigue while driving. CONCLUSION: This study provides a thorough understanding of the contextual factors related to drowsy driving and emphasizes the importance of taking these things into consideration when developing interventions aimed at improving the driver’s wellbeing and health and lowering the risk of errors and accidents. Show more

Keywords: Sleepiness, occupational health, safety, risk factors, traffic

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220272

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2022

Authors: Rezagholi, Mahmoud

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The few studies attempting to estimate costs of fatal accidents at workplaces suffer from poor or obscure applied methodologies. As the costs are often limited for the exposed company/industry in the short run, economic decisions about investments to improve the safety and security of workplaces are moreover not made at the societal level nor within an appropriate time frame. In a social economic decision, the total potential productivity lost over time due to a fatal accident is considered regardless of who pays what compensation to the families involved. OBJECTIVE: This study introduces a methodology appropriate for making …long-term economic decisions at the societal level to prevent accidents in Swedish workplaces. METHODS: The introduced methodology, which is based on the human capital approach, is used to assess potential productivity losses associated with the accidents. RESULTS: The empirical findings show that, over the period 2008–2019, Swedish society could have gained more than 8.5 billion Swedish crowns by preventing accidents at Swedish workplaces. CONCLUSION: The objective achieved as the economic cost of fatal workplace accidents assessed from a long-term societal perspective. Effective preventive measures in the workplace make thus an incredible contribution to society in the form of increased national income, sustainable welfare and economic development. Show more

Keywords: Safety and security, human capital, labour productivity, societal perspective, effective working years

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211120

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2022

Authors: Kokas, Maria S. | Passalacqua, Karla D. | Mortimore, Anastasia | Hoffert, Mara M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Research has explored the problems that women encounter during a medical career; however, the advice that experienced women physicians would give to women who have not yet entered the field is needed to reveal how the medical work landscape is evolving and to provide real-world narratives to help career seekers make informed choices. OBJECTIVE: By eliciting women’s perspectives on their medical careers by asking them what advice they would give to aspiring women physicians. We aimed to reveal areas for improving career satisfaction of women physicians and to inform those who advise women considering a medical career. …METHODS: In this qualitative study, we used a phenomenological approach to conduct semi-structured one-on-one interviews with 24 women physicians to query the advice they would give to women contemplating a career in medicine. RESULTS: Thematic analysis of interview transcriptions revealed 10 themes that women physicians communicated as being important to consider before deciding to become a physician. Although some advice had a cautionary tone, encouraging and practical advice was also conveyed. The most abundant themes concerned the centrality of patient care, a passion for practicing medicine, and the importance of planning. Other key topics included family and friends, self-reflection, life balance, finances, ethics, maintaining presence, and two overt cautionary statements. CONCLUSION: Interviews revealed that meaning and purpose derived from a medical career and maintaining work-life balance are valued by some women physicians. Participants were encouraging in recommending medicine as a career choice for women, while highlighting some challenges. Show more

Keywords: Organizational culture, women in medicine, career in medicine, women physicians

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211217

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2022