Work - Volume 41, issue Supplement 1

Authors: Pinheiro, Fernando | Fischer, Frida Marina | Cobianchi, Claudio José

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Gravediggers have death as object of their work. Their activities are painful, physically and mental demanding, as well as unhealthy. Literature is scarce about this theme. The aim of this study is to evaluate gravediggers’ work activities and health consequences. The methodological frame which guided this study was Dejours’ psychic suffering and its association with the psychodynamic aspects of work. Data collection took place in April-May 2011 in one public and one private cemetery of São Paulo, Brazil. Four male workers, aged between 45 to 60 years old were interviewed. Their work activities were observed during a workday. Participants reported …their life dreams, defense mechanisms and frustration. The discourse of gravediggers showed serious problems associated to physical and mental demands, public invisibility and/ or social devaluation of work. The most important physical symptom was body pain. In spite this is a preliminary study, it was possible to raise a number of work stressors and health outcomes of gravediggers, an “invisible” worker of our society. Show more

Keywords: gravediggers, work demands, ergonomics, occupational health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0962-5819

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5819-5822, 2012

Authors: Cardoso-Junior, M.M. | Scarpel, R.A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a multivariate method to assess the comprehension of safety signs. The proposed method uses the MDS and Procrustes, to obtain a consensus perceptual map. The results show that the map allowed discriminating signs with high levels of comprehension from others. The safety signs have no statistical difference as depicted by Bootstrap Analysis.

Keywords: Cognitive, Multidimensional Scaling, Procrustes, Safety Warnings

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0963-5823

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5823-5825, 2012

Authors: Chen, Yi-Lang | He, Kuo-Chang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Cycling is a daily activity that needs a high demand of human-bicycle fitness. However, studies into the fitness or ergonomic aspects are very little. In this study, the simulated 20 min bicycling test were performed by 26 male participants under 5 handle height conditions. Body joint angles and external cervical/lumbar spine lordosis were measured at the initial and cycling after 20 min. Results show that different handle heights did cause various trunk inclinations. Trunk inclination was negatively and positively correlated with lumbosacral angle (r = -0.620, p < 0.001) and cervical angle (r = 0.510, p < 0.001), respectively. In …this study, regression models were also developed to predict the internal cervical and lumbar spine movements by external trunk inclination and head extension, respectively. The explanatory abilities for the variance of the models were 67.2% for LSA and 82.8% for CE prediction. This can be used to understand the cyclist’s spine movements while field study of bicycling. Show more

Keywords: cycling, handle height, spinal postures, predictive model

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0964-5826

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5826-5827, 2012

Authors: Sontag, Andressa Aline | Vilagra, José Mohamud | Moreira, Helenara Salvati Bertolossi | Moro, Antônio Renato Pereira | Cruz, Roberto Moraes | Reis, Pedro Ferreira | Galvão, Isabele Maia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the workplace there are risk factors that can overwhelm the health of the worker causing physical and psychological disorders. Among these disorders, is occupational stress. Thus, this research proposes to measure the mental workload of job stress from the identification of demand, control and social support. It is an observational cross-sectional epidemiological character, performed with the Rectory office workers at the State University of West Paraná (Unioeste). Data collection was due to the application of the “Job Stress Scale” (JSS) and in its reduced version adapted to Portuguese. The survey sample consisted of 44 individuals. Statistical analysis was correlated …inversely with medium intensity (r = -0.404) between age and social support. For males was found between control and age (r = 0.603). According to the data obtained, we conclude that most workers are exposed to passive work, leading to loss of skills or disinterest in the job. This study highlights the importance of research in the area and the need for new actions that change the conditions of stress at work. Show more

Keywords: Stress, Job Stress Scale, Occupational Health, mental load

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0965-5828

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5828-5830, 2012

Authors: Nordlöf, Hasse

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Focus group interviews were conducted at a large steel manufacturing company with 1000 employees, in order to answer the research question: what is the safety culture and risk-taking like at the company, according to employees? Ten focus groups were used for data collection consisting of 6–8 employees each. The participants were operators from production. The interviews lasted 75 min and were digitally recorded and thereafter verbatim transcribed. Descriptive data was also collected from all participants by allowing them to fill out a short questionnaire. The results of this study will be presented at the conference as a poster presentation.

Keywords: BBS (Behavior based safety), Focus group discussion, OHS (Occupational health and safety), Implementation, Ergonomics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0966-5831

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5831-5832, 2012

Authors: Michaelis, J.R. | McConnell, D.S. | Smither, J.A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Individuals who have Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience adverse effects relating to driving; additionally, they experience deficits in scanning ability. The present study examined the effects of ADHD on eye tracking while driving. This study consisted of ten participants, of which, five have ADHD. It was hypothesized that individuals who have ADHD will make more saccadic eye movements and thus shorter fixations than individuals without ADHD (Control). Furthermore, it was hypothesized that despite the fact that individuals who have ADHD will make more saccadic eye movements than individuals without ADHD, those individuals with ADHD will commit more traffic violations including …collisions compared to the control group. Findings indicated that hypothesis one was not supported by the data, whereas hypothesis two was supported in that ADHD individuals’ had more collisions and committed more traffic violations than the control group. Additionally, a significant difference was found in the spatial distributions of the fixations between the ADHD and Control groups. The findings of this study could help better understand the factors involved in ADHD driving and could be used to train individuals with ADHD to become more aware of their surroundings and driving habits and thus become safer drivers. Show more

Keywords: ADHD, Eye-tracking, Driving Simulator

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0967-5833

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5833-5835, 2012

Authors: Hunt, S | Wells, R

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Electric utility workers in Canada must frequently work in the cold and must wear thick rubber gloves which can result in rapid fatigue and reduced performance. The purpose of the study was therefore to document the challenge of working in the cold wearing the standard five-finger rubber gloves and covers and compare them to two equipment options, mitten style gloves or a prototype wool liner, and two heating options, glove or torso heating. The dependent measures were grip force, temperature, dexterity (modified Purdue pegboard test and a simulated occupational task), finger sensitivity (Von Frey hair test), perceived effort and thermal …sensation. The study population consisted of 10 experienced male utility workers. They worked in a controlled temperature walk-in chamber (-20 degrees Celsius) and performed simulated utility work for 45 minutes with interspersed test batteries. The mitten style glove and woolen liner in a standard glove reduced the effects of working in the cold compared to the standard five-fingered variety with a thin cotton liner. We found that the mitten style glove showed lesser drops in skin temperature for the 3rd and 5th digits than the other conditions (p < 0.05). Show more

Keywords: Gloves, strength, performance, temperature, dexterity

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0968-5836

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5836-5838, 2012

Authors: Grecco, Cláudio H. S. | Vidal, Mario C.R. | Santos, Isaac J. A. L. | Carvalho, Paulo V. R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Radiopharmaceuticals are radiation-emitting substances used in medicine for radiotherapy and imaging diagnosis. A Research Institute, located in Rio de Janeiro, produces three radiopharmaceuticals: the sodium iodate is used in the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunctions, the meta-iodo-benzylguanidine is used in the diagnosis of cardiac diseases, and the fluordesoxyglucose is used in diagnosis in cardiology, oncology, neurology and neuropsychiatry. This paper presents a method to access safety and resilience in radiopharmaceuticals production processes. The method uses resilience indicators in order to proactively evaluate and manage the safety.

Keywords: ergonomics, resilience, indicators, performance, accidents

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0969-5839

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5839-5843, 2012

Authors: Fonseca, C.S. | Gomes, C.N. | Barros, F.S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The current paper presents the study of organizational stressors survey carried out in a military institute, responsible for researches of high demand on aerospace technology. The study considered the theoretical framework of Organizational Ergonomics, combined with the technical guidelines of Psychology applied to Work Safety. The participatory approach was used on daily work assessment and decision making, aiming the adoption of corrective and preventive measures, considering possible distortions and imbalances between prescribed and actual activities. Thus, it was sought to engage and encourage the participation of the Institute’s workers in the reflection/creation of better solutions to daily problems and to …achieve productivity, without prejudice in the occupational health and safety. Show more

Keywords: Stressors, organizational ergnomics, work safety

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0970-5844

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5844-5846, 2012

Authors: Lieber, Renato Rocha | Kvieska, Rodrigo Neiva | Delamaro, Maurício Cesar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Shift work (SW) can affect worker health and productivity. Working at night, workers often accumulate fatigue and are less productive. In Brazil, laws have been drafted aiming to reduce night work and rotating shift hours. In order to slash costs, companies have been looking for new arrangements to improve productivity under these conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine management changes and their outcomes in a large glass factory located in an industrial region of Brazil. The results show that the management, seeking equal productivity among shifts, focused its efforts mainly on distributing employee expertise. The arrangement resulted …in 12 different groups that combine to serve three fixed shifts. A same shift can be served by more than one group, and the members of a same group share days off on different days. There was no statistically significant productivity difference among the three shifts. The on-site examination showed that part of the production was held by the workers and transferred to the next shift in order for them to be able to meet the management’s performance rate requirements. The finding shows how a Brazilian cultural trait (resistance without conflict) is used to drive coping in SW. Show more

Keywords: Productivity, Resistance strategy, solidarity, Culture, Brazil

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0971-5847

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5847-5849, 2012

Authors: de Melo Neto, Rútilo P. | Kohlman Rabbani, Emilia R. | Barkokébas Junior, Béda | Lago, Eliane M.G. | de A. Freitas, Jonathas B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In Olinda there are an estimated 50 marble quarries, 3 of which are members of the stone extraction and finishing industry’s state union. The objective here is to quantitatively evaluate the noise present at the workplace in two of Olinda’s unionized marble quarries. The data to be analyzed was collected during December 2010, this month representing one of the four busiest months of production. The samples were collected from Tuesdays to Fridays in order to avoid irregular outcomes. Instantaneous readings were taken with the decibel meter to identify points of Noise Pressure Level (NPL) higher than Action Level (AL). Afterwards, …the full procedure for the characterization of noise level with the decibel meter in order to compare the Homogeneous Exposure Group (HEG) to those with High Risk Exposure (HRE) was initiated. The noisiest sources came from humid cutting machines, marble saws and polishing equipment. The activities of cutter and polisher became classified as follows: unsafe, in a critical situation and in need of priority control for the work environment with noise level values varying from 95.0 dB(A) to 103.3 dB(A), calling for the use of ear protection during the entire work day. Show more

Keywords: Exposure to occupacional noise, Occupacional health, Marble works

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0972-5850

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5850-5852, 2012

Authors: de Melo Neto, Rútilo P. | Kohlman Rabbani, Emilia R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The finishing of marble occurs in quarries all over Brazil, being the most significant dimension of the ornamental stone sector, with 7,000 businesses. Recife’s Metropolitan Area (RMR) contains approximately 106 marble quarries, 25 of them unionized. The study focused on the application of Preliminary Risk Analysis, conducted at two unionized quarries: M1, a small business; and the second, M2, considered a micro enterprise. In this analysis both the administrative and the productive sectors were evaluated. The fieldwork was done in the month of December 2010. The study revealed that the two quarries carried moderate risks in the administrative sector, mainly …due to ergonomic factors, and that in the productive sectors the risks were high, specifically because of excess noise, dust material, and precarious electrical installations. Using the results of the qualitative analysis as a base, the need for quantitative study presents itself in order to determine the most adequate modes of protection to be of assistance in the management of these risks, guaranteeing the safety and health of the worker and consequently the improvement in productivity in this sector. Show more

Keywords: Risk evaluation, Preliminary analysis of risks, Marble works

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0973-5853

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5853-5855, 2012

Authors: Gonçalves, Mônica V. | Bernardes, Rosane F. | Chiavegato, Luciana D. | Padula, Rosimeire S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article intends to evaluate the lung function and capacity to exercise and correlate both of them in metal industry workers.

Keywords: Occupacional health, Health condictions, Pulmonary function, Exercise capacity

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0974-5856

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5856-5857, 2012

Authors: do Nascimento, Lícia Maria Barreto | Bortolotto, Gracielle Aparecida Orlando

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article presents the steps of transforming the material and organizational aspects in the work environment, beyond the social order for the proper development of activities in the Household Distribution Center, the Postmen Motorcyclists. The demand was made by managers from the accident records, establishing the need to identify the working conditions of postmen motorcyclists, regarding motorcycle accidents occurring on public roads. Method: Based on the characteristics of the steps required by the methodology, was necessary to realize internal and external observations, with the aim of identifying the dynamics of the accident and the collective dimensions of activity which requires …a strategy for monitoring the work on the street. Show more

Keywords: Ergonomics, safety, street work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0975-5858

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5858-5859, 2012

Authors: Liu, Long | Shuai, Ma | Wang, Zhu | Li, Ping

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to effectively analyze and control use-related risk of medical devices, quantitative methodologies must be applied. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a proactive technique for error detection and risk reduction. In this article, an improved FMEA based on Fuzzy Mathematics and Grey Relational Theory is developed to better carry out userelated risk analysis for medical devices. As an example, the analysis process using this improved FMEA method for a certain medical device (C-arm X-ray machine) is described.

Keywords: Use-related risk, medical device, FMEA

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0976-5860

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5860-5865, 2012

Authors: Castañon, Ugo | Castañon, José A. B. | Santos, Marcio P. S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The problems related to the means of transport in urban Brazilians have been getting worse over the years. The increase of the fleet, to the detriment of the adequacy and extent of the road network of cities contributes to this fact. This paper presents a profile of users of cycling in the city of Juiz de Fora, and thus contributes to the study of sustainable urban mobility, providing researchers with information that can guide the search for the encouragement of the use of means of transport to meet environmental needs urban centers that contributes to social equity.

Keywords: bicycles, profile of cyclists, sustainable mobility

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0977-5866

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5866-5870, 2012

Authors: Van Elslande, Pierre | Fournier, Jean-Yves | Jaffard, Magali

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Traffic safety related to motorcycle riding constitutes a growing issue all over the world. This is notably the case in France, where the important progress recently obtained toward a safer driving by car didn’t prove to be so much effective for motorcycling. The present study has the purpose to give some cues on the reasons why, by characterizing the specificities of accident scenarios involving a powered two-wheeler (PTW). It is based on an in-depth accident analysis conducted by research teams composed of a psychologist and a technician intervening on the scene of the accident and later on. A sample of …384 accident cases involving a PTW is compared to a sample of 1174 car drivers involved in an accident without PTW. The results show the important differences regarding the human errors committed by PTW riders and by car drivers. They also show the interactional aspects of these different errors in the production of accidents, in the sense the physical and behavioral characteristics of PTW lead to certain errors by car drivers (perceptive failures) and these errors lead in turn to certain errors by PTW riders (prognostic failures). Show more

Keywords: Motorcycles, Car drivers, Crashes, Human error, Interactions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0978-5871

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5871-5873, 2012

Authors: Carvalho, Ana Carla | Paschoalin, Rachel Filgueiras | Castañon, José Alberto

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The historic cities of Brazil, despite its colonial structure, don’t fail to go through transformations that affect contemporary cities, which is the main source of problems, leading to new approaches to urban issues such as mobility and accessibility. The uncontrolled growth of tourism in the historic cities can be considered as a big problem, because at the same time, they have committed to the conservation of its built heritage and demand control of the activities that occur in their areas without harm. Then, a permanent dialogue between conservatives and planners could be accomplished by joining the various sectoral policies. The …study of urban mobility in historical sites was in fact the focus of this work because of their peculiarities, such as its specific characteristics of urban structure, morphology and occupation. In fact, the development of tourism in historic centers generates specific demands, such as adaptation to new uses of the houses, intensive movement of people and vehicles, illegal parking, among others. Beyond threatening the city preservation, does not provide mobility and accessibility to tourists, because these cities were not designed for the tourism conditions and needs of contemporary life. Characteristic features of Brazilian baroque cities, such as topography , the narrow streets, narrow or nonexistent sidewalks, steep turns and ramps strong, are not suitable for heavy vehicles, traffic and pedestrian circulation. Thus, studies concerning conservation urban integrated are aimed at an approach to interaction between historic preservation of the environment with the dynamic socio-economic of the local. Show more

Keywords: Historic Cities, Tourism, Ergonomics, Mobility and Accessibility

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0979-5874

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5874-5876, 2012

Authors: Saqer, Haneen | de Visser, Ewart | Strohl, Jonathan | Parasuraman, Raja

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The proliferation of portable communication and entertainment devices has introduced new dangers to the driving environment, particularly for young and inexperienced drivers. Graduate students from George Mason University illustrate a powerful, practical, and cost-effective program that has been successful in educating these drivers on the dangers of texting while driving, which can easily be adapted and implemented in other communities.

Keywords: Distracted driving, education, human factors, outreach, texting

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0980-5877

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5877-5879, 2012

Authors: Rupp, M. | McConnell, D.S. | Smither, J.A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Distracted driving has been shown to be a safety issue in numerous studies. To combat this problem, in-vehicle technology, legislation, media interventions, and other methods have been proposed and attempted. However research indicates that the drivers themselves may circumvent, ignore, or not be able to react in time for these interventions to be effective. Therefore research into training programs for drivers may improve reaction time under distraction. Research indicates that action game players have faster reaction times and more attentional resources than non-players on paper-based tests. However, transferability to driving has not been studied yet. This paper outlines a study …to determine if action game players perform better at a driving task based on frequency of game-play. Participants will be placed into two groups of play (high vs. low) and tested against two levels of distraction (none vs. phone conversation). It is expected that participants who play higher frequency of action games will perform better under distraction than lower frequency players. Driver performance, conversation recall, frequency and durations of eye fixations will be analyzed based on previous research which has validated those variables as a measure of distraction and higher workload. Show more

Keywords: Driver-Distraction, Divided-Attention, Transportation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0981-5880

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5880-5881, 2012

Authors: Hancock, G.M. | Hancock, P.A. | Janelle, C.M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Emotion-provoking stimuli abound on modern roadways. Driving measures, of both longitudinal and lateral control of the vehicle, have been shown to vary based on affective influences. Research, however, has yet to address how drivers’ individual techniques to mitigate emotional reactions influence driving performance. To address this issue, the present study featured a dual-task protocol involving simulated driving together with processing of emotionally-valenced images with a focus on different Predominant Emotion Regulation Techniques (PERT): one adaptive strategy (task-focused coping) and one maladaptive style (emotion-focused coping). Dependent measures included mean driving speed and number of lane excursions. Results indicated that pleasant images …degraded longitudinal control to the greatest extent, while unpleasant images produced the greatest detriment in lateral control. Additionally, individuals’ PERT played a major interactive role in drivers’ longitudinal control leading task-focused females and emotion-focused males to adhere more closely to the speed limit; yet, it did not affect their lateral control. Results hold important potential implications for the amount or variety of training necessary for driver licensure to promote and sustain safe vehicle control. Show more

Keywords: Vehicle Operation Efficacy, Affective States, Traffic Safety

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0982-5882

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5882-5885, 2012

Authors: Mouloua, M. | Ahern, A. | Quevedo, A. | Jaramillo, D. | Rinalducci, E. | Smither, J. | Alberti, P. | Brill, C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study was designed to empirically examine the effects of iPod device and text-messaging activities on driver distraction. Sixty participants were asked to perform a driving simulation task while searching for songs using an iPod device or text messaging. Driving errors as measured by lane deviations were recorded and analyzed as a function of the distracters. Physiological measures (EEG) were also recorded during the driving phases in order to measure participant levels of cortical arousal. It was hypothesized that iPod use and text messaging would result in a profound effect on driving ability. The results showed a significant effect of …iPod use and text-messaging on driving performance. Increased numbers of driving errors were recorded during the iPod and text-messaging phases than the pre- and post-allocation phases. Higher levels of Theta activity were also observed during the iPod and Text-messaging phase than the pre- and post-allocation phases. Implications for in-vehicle systems design, training, and safety are also discussed. Show more

Keywords: Text-Messaging, iPod Use, Driver Distraction, In-Vehicle devices

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0983-5886

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5886-5888, 2012

Authors: Báez, G | De la Vega, E | Castro, C | Elizarraras, R

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The importance of eye care in the industry is a first level topic, due to most of the assembly and manufacturing aimed companies of various products that require direct health care of their employees, specially eye care. The lighting system, the lamp features and job tasks are factors that impact over the visual performance of the worker. Each of these factors, either by themselves or in conjunction, influences the visual performance of the employee, and therefore its safety and efficacy. Some of the reported symptoms are: problem of visual fixation, eye redness, tearing, headache, blurred vision, eyelids heaviness and dry …eyes, [7]. The research was developed with 48 people, 27 male and 21 female, in the range of ages of 17 to 58 years old. In the experiment were used illumination system base on Diode Emitting lights (LED's) of five different colors (White, Blue, Green, Red and Yellow), the reason of use of LED's it is because are source of monochromatic light, also it is also saving power light and low heating dissipation. Show more

Keywords: Visual Fatigue, anomaly detection, light emitting Diodes (LED)

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0984-5889

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5889-5891, 2012

Authors: Pikaar, Ruud N.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of a series of sessions on Company Case Studies, is to learn from practical experiences, to give feed back to researchers on applicability of theories, methods and techniques, and last but not least, to market ergonomics. In order to learn from case material, reports need to be easy accessible and well structured. System ergonomics provides such a structure. Usually a project is not done twice, i.e. with and without ergonomics. Therefore, it is not possible to make comparisons and determine the impact of ergonomics directly. A different approach is needed. It has been suggested at the IEA2006 World …Congress, to compile a database of published case studies, each case to be reported in a fixed report format and critically reviewed to enable generalizing the outcomes. This paper proposes such a format. At the IEA2012 World Congress 40 case studies have been accepted, representing applied ergonomics cases in manufacturing, process industries, aviation and logistic systems. Show more

Keywords: System ergonomics, engineering project, marketing ergonomics, applied ergonomics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0985-5892

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5892-5898, 2012

Authors: Lenior, O.N.M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The challenges put on large baggage systems by airports can be summarized as: handling a high number of bags in a short period of time, in a limited space, with all sorts of disruptions, whilst complying with stringent regulation upon security, sustainability and health and safety. The aim of this company case study is to show in the different project phases - as indicated in the system ergonomic approach - how the human factors specialist can play a major part in tackling these challenges. By describing different projects in terms of scope, organization, human factors topics covered, phases and lessons …learned, the importance of Human-Computer Interaction, automation as well as manual handling and work organization in baggage is addressed. Show more

Keywords: System ergonomics, HF engineering, Human-Computer Interaction, manual handling, work organization

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0986-5899

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5899-5904, 2012

Authors: Monteiro, Tathiana Passeri | Marques, Diego Cesar | Barbosa, Victor Gonçalves | Uatanabe, Priscila

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article is the result of a case study of ergonomic work analysis carried out in a Brazilian airline company, focused on the safety of the activity of Airbus pilots from the company’s national lines. The study was divided in three parts, each one with different approach. First step is how critical situations such as accidents and incidents are dealt with during flight. Then it comes to discuss about adversities found in the working place, the airbus cockpit, and the development of risk map. Last but not least, the study focused in how the irregular working journey compromises the biological …clock of the pilots end may cause social issues. Show more

Keywords: Pilots fight, Civil Aviation, Flight safety, Ergonomic work analysis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0987-5905

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5905-5911, 2012

Authors: Missar, Vicki J. | Metcalfe, Don | Gilmore, Gail

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The conception of “Patient Safety” being the number one priority at Hospitals can reduce the emphasis on overall employee safety and health. This review examines a hospital’s need to improve 24/7 active (i.e., not reactive) coverage, regulatory compliance, as well as the frequency and severity of employee injury losses. It also discusses a journey to integrate and improve safety and ergonomics to achieve these goals. Three approaches used by the ergonomist to create the transformation included: 1) adoption of the safety and ergonomic hazard identification; 2) safe patient handling; and 3) implementation of a 5S program. The results of the …four (4) year effort at the not for profit, 637 bed, full service, acute-care hospital has shown a steady decline in frequency, reduced waste, and improved housekeeping. Ergonomists can have a key role in transforming Hospital Safety and Ergonomic Programs. Show more

Keywords: Hospital, Safety, Ergonomics, 5S, Program, Patient Handling

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0988-5912

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5912-5916, 2012

Authors: Selis, Kristien | Vanacker, Hilde | Hermans, Veerle | Mylle, Godewina | Devriese, Herman | Kerckhofs, Kris

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0989-5917

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5917-5920, 2012

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1048-5921

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5921-5923, 2012

Authors: Yagjian, Allen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Sanitary clamp wingnut manipulation is the fifth most frequent cause of injuries in the production areas of the Bayer Healthcare site in Berkeley, California. Task analysis showed that manual manipulation of clamp wingnuts had concurrent multiple risk factors, including: awkward postures, high forces, contact stresses, and high frequency. Task elimination was not an option. Several tools on the market were researched and tried but it was found that no existing tools would alleviate the associated ergonomics risk factors. An interim tool found on the market was used as a short term solution until an optimal design could be manufactured. A …tool was designed, fabricated, and tested in-house at the Bayer machine shop. The tool was originally designed to fit all variations of clamp wingnuts, but then was found to fit too loosely for some. By using a comparison between inventory and cost benefit analysis it was decided to standardize the wingnuts types leaving the two most common types. A final prototype of the tool fit these two types of wingnuts. The efficient methods by which clamps were replaced and how tools were implemented in cleanroom manufacturing areas are described in this paper. This ten month project potentially eliminated all of the ergonomics risk factors associated with clamping. Show more

Keywords: tool design, sanitary clamp, wrist injuries, tool fabrication, case studies

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1050-5924

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5924-5930, 2012

Authors: Quintana, Leonardo | Arias, Claudia | Cordoba, Jorge | Moroy, Magda | Pulido, Jean | Ramirez, Angela

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of this study was to combine three different analytical methods from three different disciplines to diagnose the ergonomic conditions, manufacturing and supply chain operation of a baking company. The study explores a summary of comprehensive working methods that combines the ergonomics, automation and logistics study methods in the diagnosis of working conditions and productivity. The participatory approach of this type of study that involves the feelings and first-hand knowledge of workers of the operation are determining factors in defining points of action and ergonomic interventions, as well as defining opportunities in the automation of manufacturing and logistics, to …cope with the needs of the company. The study identified an ergonomic situation (high prevalence of wrist-hand pain), and the combination of interdisciplinary techniques applied allowed to improve this condition in the company. This type of study allows a primary basis of the opportunities presented by the combination of specialized methods of different disciplines, for the definition of comprehensive action plans for the company. Additionally, it outlines opportunities for improvement and recommendations to mitigate the burden associated with occupational diseases and as an end result improve the quality of life and productivity of workers. Show more

Keywords: Ergonomics, manufacturing, discomfort, bakeries, working conditions, interventions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1049-5931

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5931-5934, 2012

Authors: Batista, I.C. | Gomes, G.J.C | Teles, C.S. | Oliveira, P.F. | Santos, R.M. | Sassi, A.C. | Sá, B. | V, B. | Pardauil, A.A

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper aims to present an ergonomic device to assist in the maintenance of the units of Tucuruí Hydropower Plant. The development of this ergonomic device made possible to reduce maintenance time, reduce losses caused by billing, improve performance and reduce the physical strain for labors during the execution of services.

Keywords: Device, maintenance, ergonomics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0990-5935

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5935-5942, 2012

Authors: Ray, Pradip Kumar | Tewari, V.K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Management of Tata Steel, the largest steel making company of India in the private sector, felt the need to develop a framework to determine the levels of ergonomic performance at its different workplaces. The objectives of the study are manifold: to identify and characterize the ergonomic variables for a given worksystem with regard to work efficiency, operator safety, and working conditions, to design a comprehensive Ergonomic Performance Indicator (EPI) for quantitative determination of the ergonomic status and maturity of a given worksystem. The study team of IIT Kharagpur consists of three faculty members and the management of Tata Steel formed …a team of eleven members for implementation of EPI model. In order to design and develop the EPI model with total participation and understanding of the concerned personnel of Tata Steel, a three-phase action plan for the project was prepared. The project consists of three phases: preparation and data collection, detailed structuring and validation of EPI model. Identification of ergonomic performance factors, development of interaction matrix, design of assessment tool, and testing and validation of assessment tool (EPI) in varied situations are the major steps in these phases. The case study discusses in detail the EPI model and its applications. Show more

Keywords: base parameters, EPI Structure, worksystems, principal parameters, normalized total rating

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0991-5943

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5943-5949, 2012

Authors: Oñate, Esteban | Meyer, Felipe

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study was part of an ergonomic program which is being carried out through an agreement between the University of Concepción and a Chilean private mining company. The purpose of this case study was to identify working conditions in which the physical and mental workload could be over the capabilities of the operator. He was responsible for loading trucks with sacks of molybdenum and for downloading reagents and handles them. The methods employed in this study included electronic records, interviews, surveys, review of the company standards, a time study and physical and mental workload analysis. Results showed that 84% of …the time the operator was carrying out principal and secondary activities and no break periods were detected. It was found that the pace of work and the shift system generated unfavorable conditions by imbalance in the workload on the different days of the week. In the light of the results recommendations were made for a number of ergonomic changes. Most of them were accepted by the company. The most important achievement was a change in the shift system. The overload of the operator was due to the fact that he was in a shift working 5 days and resting on weekends. The imbalance was mainly because the work of the week end was accumulated for Monday. As a result of the study, the company contracted a second worker for this job and adopted a 7x7 shift system, meaning that they work seven days and rest seven days. An evaluation carried out two month after adopting the new shift revealed that changes were well accepted by the worker. Show more

Keywords: Working conditions, workload, work study, shift work, organization

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0992-5950

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5950-5955, 2012

Authors: Querido, Aloá | Nogueira, Tainan | Gama, Rafael | Orlando, José

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article is the result of a case study on ergonomic work analysis carried out in an urban bus company located in Ilha do Governador, Rio de Janeiro. The methodology used in this work follows the French-tradition Ergonomic Analysis of the Work (EWA) combined with the best tradition from anglo-saxon ergonomic work analysis. The situated diagnosis was performed to provide relevant information about the work conditions of a bus driver.

Keywords: bus driver, double function, lombalgy, absenteeism, urban bus company

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0993-5956

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5956-5958, 2012

Authors: Parida, Ratri | Ray, Pradip Kumar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Occupational risk factors, such as awkward posture, repetition, lack of rest, insufficient illumination and heavy workload related to construction-related MMH activities may cause musculoskeletal disorders and poor performance of the workers, ergonomic design of construction worksystems was a critical need for improving their health and safety wherein a dynamic biomechanical models were required to be empirically developed and tested at a construction site of Tata Steel, the largest steel making company of India in private sector. In this study, a comprehensive framework is proposed for biomechanical evaluation of shovelling and grinding under diverse work environments. The benefit of such an …analysis lies in its usefulness in setting guidelines for designing such jobs with minimization of risks of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and enhancing correct methods of carrying out the jobs leading to reduced fatigue and physical stress. Data based on direct observations and videography were collected for the shovellers and grinders over a number of workcycles. Compressive forces and moments for a number of segments and joints are computed with respect to joint flexion and extension. The results indicate that moments and compressive forces at L5/S1 link are significant for shovellers while moments at elbow and wrist are significant for grinders. Show more

Keywords: manual material handling, dynamic kinetic analysis, occupational risks, generic framework, manmachine interaction

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0994-5959

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5959-5965, 2012

Authors: de Oliveira Bassil Pires, Paulo Roberto | Rezende, Fagner Fagundes

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Ergonomics for Eletrobras arose from the need in having an environment more suitable to the characteristics and circumstances of employees, in compliance with Regulation Standard no. 17 – Ergonomics (NR17) of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. Being a mixed economy company with regionalized anthropometric characteristics of its employees, the study of ergonomic adjustments and improvement of the concept of Ergonomics were and have been of great importance to the company’s production environment. These advances have contributed to the development of specific technical criteria for the purchase of furniture and work tools (accessories), apart from their possible effects on the …user. Ergonomics has been perceived as a technical-scientific tool, aimed to study labor interactions, new technologies and specific characteristics of the activities performed. To meet these demands a multidisciplinary Ergonomics Committee was created in Eletrobras, and effectively established the Ergonomics Management Program in the company; This program is marked by well-defined phases with great success in making use of these studies for other types of corporate activities and also facilitating the program control and its maturity levels, even at a business level. Show more

Keywords: Management Program in Ergonomics, Eletrobras Ergonomics Committee, ergonomic mapping, epidemiological profile, maturity levels

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0995-5966

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5966-5971, 2012

Authors: Ray, Pradip Kumar | Tewari, V.K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The study, carried out at the Batch Annealing Furnace (BAF) shop of Cold Rolling Mill (CRM) at an integrated steel plant of India, concerns ergonomic evaluation and redesign of a manually-operated Electrical Overhead Travelling (EOT) crane cabin. The crane cabin is a complex worksystem consisting of the crane operator and twelve specific machine components embedded in a closed workspace. A crane operator has to perform various activities, such as loading and unloading of coils, setting and removal of convector plates, and routine maintenance work. Initially, an operator had to work in standing posture with bent back most of the time. …Ergonomically poor design of the chair and the controls, awkward work postures, and insufficient vision angle resulting in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are some of the critical problems observed.. The study, conceived as an industry-academia joint initiative, was undertaken by a design team, the members of which were drawn from both the company concerned and the institute. With the project executed successfully, a number of lessons, such as how to minimize the anthropometric mismatch, how to improve the layout of the components and controls within enclosed workspace, and how to improve work posture minimizing risk of MSDs have been learned. Show more

Keywords: complex worksystem, enclosed workspace, work posture and visibility, anthropometric mismatch, im proved specifications

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0996-5972

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5972-5976, 2012

Authors: Larson, N | Oshiro, R | Camargo, O

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of this project is to present two case studies and provide job assessment results, share implemented solutions, and provide information about realized cost and benefits. In this session, two cases studies, one from São José do Rio Preto and the other from Sumaré, will be presented. These projects won AEIA awards in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The projects describe the application of the Ergonomic Risk Reduction Program, which both improves worker’s quality of life and productivity and product quality as well.

Keywords: Ergonomics Program, Risk Assessment, Participatory Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0997-5977

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5977-5980, 2012

Authors: Tavares, Ademario Santos | da Silva, Francisco Nilson

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Industrial Design encompasses both product development and optimization of production process. In this sense, Ergonomics plays a fundamental role, because its principles, methods and techniques can help operators to carry out their tasks most successfully. A case study carried out in an industry shows that the interaction among Design, Production Engineering and Materials Engineering departments may improve some aspects concerned security, comfort, efficiency and performance. In this process, Ergonomics had shown to be of essential importance to strategic decision making to the improvement of production section.

Keywords: ergonomics, production processes, production layout, product development

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0998-5981

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5981-5986, 2012

Authors: Sun, Chuan | Buchholz, Bryan | Thomas, Jeff

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate a work method intervention in a smoke detector assembly line. High hand gripping forces and extreme wrist postures were found in the smoke detector assembly line at UTC Fire & Security Company in Maine. A fixture was introduced to replace the old assembly method. Electromyography (EMG) and electrogoniometry were used to measure the workers' hand gripping force and wrist motions with both the old and new assembly methods. Results show both hand gripping forces and wrist postures improved significantly with the new method.

Keywords: Ergonomics, EMG, Extreme wrist postures, High hand forces

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0999-5987

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5987-5992, 2012

Authors: Bernardes, João Marcos | Wanderck, Claudia | Moro, Antônio Renato Pereira

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper gives an overview of a participatory ergonomic intervention aimed at reducing low back pain cases in the dispatch department of a catalogue and e-commerce retail company. Based on the findings of the ergonomic analysis and design committee, the company's own employees redesigned the assembly line's layout. As a result of these changes two job tasks that involved manual material handling of boxes, identified by the revised NIOSH equation as posing an increased risk for lifting-related low back pain, were totally eliminated, and the employees responsible for moving boxes from the end of the assembly line to pallets on …the ground were given more control over their jobs, and these jobs were also enriched with a new, less heavy task. These results demonstrate that participatory ergonomic interventions are a viable and effective strategy to reduce the exposure to work-related physical and psychosocial risk factors for low back pain. Show more

Keywords: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, low back pain, manual material handling, workplace interventions, participatory approach

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1000-5993

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5993-5998, 2012

Authors: Olsen, Kirsten | Legg, Stephen | Hasle, Peter

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Due to the many constraints that small businesses (SBs) face in meeting legislative requirements, occupational health and safety (OHS) regulatory authorities and other OSH actors have developed programmes which can reach out to SBs and motivate and assist them in improving the work environment. A number of conceptual models help to enhance our understanding of OHS interventions in SBs and their effectiveness. However, they have mainly been evaluated on output rather than the process relating to the change theory underlying the intervention, and hence have seldom been rigorously evaluated. Thus little is known about how particular features of SBs can …be taken into account when designing and implementing national programmes. This paper shows how realist analysis and programme theory may be used as a framework for evaluating, developing and improving national intervention programmes for the improvement of the work environment and reducing injuries in SBs. It illustrates this for a specific New Zealand intervention: the Workplace Safety Discount scheme and its implementation in the agriculture sector. In practice, realist analysis should be performed during the planning, implementation and management stages so that ongoing findings can be fed back to the participant social actors to help them make appropriate changes to enhance the likelihood of success. Show more

Keywords: SME, OSH, ergonomics, interventions, realist analysis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0036-5999

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5999-6006, 2012

Authors: Deepak, Sharan | Ajeesh, Ps

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD's) are a constellation of disorders. There is no single tool available which guides the clinicians to predict the severity, intervention and recovery period of the patients who is suffering from different musculoskeletal disorder. In this paper authors tried to categorize the severity of the musculoskeletal discomfort and the prognosis of the recovery period. The questionnaire was formulated using different epidemiological risk factor of the development of MSD and the effect of MSD on physical and psychosocial factors. The questionnaire contains 13 questions which include seven direct (rating was 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) and six …indirect (rating was 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) questions. Results revealed a significant correlation with the prognosis of recovery and the actual recovery period (r= 0.80). It also showed a significant correlation between the total severity score and the actual recovery (r=0.82) period. Depending on the prognosis of the recovery the severity score was segregated in four categories as mild, moderate, severe and complicated. Due to small sample size the prognosis of recovery for higher severity score could not be plotted. Show more

Keywords: “DEEPAK SHARANS”, “Outcome”, “Validity”

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1051-6007

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6007-6010, 2012

Authors: Arbex, D.F. | Jappur, R. | Selig, P. | Varvakis, G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article addresses the ergonomic criteria that guide the construction of an educational game called Environmental Simulator. The focus is on environment navigation considering aspects of content architecture and its esthetics functionality.

Keywords: ergonomics, usability, graphic interface, navigation, educational game

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1052-6011

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6011-6015, 2012

Authors: Splittstoesser, Riley E. | Marras, William S. | Best, Thomas M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: $\underline{Objective}$: Investigate effects of interactions between biomechanical, psychosocial and individual risk factors on the body's immune inflammatory responses. $\underline{Background}$: Current theories for low back pain causation do not fully account for the body’s response to tissue loading and tissue trauma. $\underline{Methods}$: Two groups possessing a preference for the sensor or intuitor personality trait performed repetitive lifting combined with high or low mental workload on separate occasions. Spinal loading was assessed using an EMG-assisted subject-specific biomechanical model and immune markers were collected before and after exposure. $\underline{Results}$: Mental workload was associated with a small decrease in AP shear. Both conditions were …characterized by a regulated time-dependent immune response making use of markers of inflammation, tissue trauma and muscle damage. Intuitors’ creatine kinase levels were increased following low mental workload compared to that observed in Sensors with the opposite trend occurring for high mental workload. $\underline{Conclusions}$: A temporally regulated immune response to lifting combined with mental workload exists. This response is influenced by personality and mental workload. Show more

Keywords: Low Back Pain, Inflammation, Causation, Risk Factor Interactions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1053-6016

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6016-6023, 2012

Authors: Fostervold, Knut Inge

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Employees differ in their apperception of open plan offices. Despite this, individual differences have been sparsely treated in the literature discussing effects of office design. The aim of the present study was to investigate how stimulus screening, working memory, and attention interrelate and affect important factors in the work environment. The study utilized a cross sectional design. Participants (N=35) were recruited among employees in four organizations. Working memory was assessed bye means of the Operation –Word Span Task (OSPAN) while attention was measured by the d2 test of attention. Dependent variables were job stress, job involvement, organizational commitment, and need …for recovery. The results showed a main affect of stimulus screening on need for recovery and one subscale of organizational commitment. A main effect was also found for fluctuation rate across trials, a sub measure of attention, on need for recovery. The results revealed no indication of any mediator or moderator effects of either working memory or attention, on stimulus screening, for any of the dependent variables. Thus, the effect of stimulus screening seems not to be explained through individual differences in cognitive processes. Show more

Keywords: Open plan office, individual differences, stimulus screening, memory, attention

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1055-6024

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6024-6030, 2012

Authors: Nadadur, G. | Parkinson, M.B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to accommodate the desired percentage of the target users of a product, decisions must be made to ensure that the design satisfies performance requirements such as user safety, comfort, and ease of use. The marketing concept of “utility theory” is one approach to quantifying the effects of design decisions. It is leveraged in this study to develop a design evaluation approach that considers: a) factors that may be either design-related (design specifications) or user-related (relevant body dimensions) and b) the raw material investment in the design. Based on data collected during a usage behavior study involving doorways of …numerous sizes, a conditional logit model was developed to predict the utility of a doorway as a function of its size and the user's stature and shoulder breadth. Next, an eco-design parameter was incorporated into the model as a penalty based on raw material usage. This approach was found to be useful in studying frequently encountered tradeoffs in decisions that could potentially increase product sustainability but could also reduce the utility of the product to the user. Show more

Keywords: design for human variability, discrete choice analysis, design for sustainability, product sizing, anthropometry

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1056-6031

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6031-6038, 2012

Authors: Mundutéguy, Christophe

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A river container terminal concentrates many of the constraints encountered by different transport modes (road, rail, and waterways) involved in the delivery of merchandises. For the operators in charge of handling operations during peaks of activity, this configuration yields significant difficulties when performing planning, scheduling and dispatching tasks. The research conducted at the second French river port unravels the mechanisms involved in the management of these dynamic environments. Following a series of interviews and preliminary observations, we conducted systematic observations of the foremen's work. These middle managers are located at the juncture of management and production. The data was …completed with additional interviews for the purpose of cross-checking the validity of the results. The results point to the extreme variability of situations and the high exposure to uncertainty inherent in the transport business. Beyond the tasks of loading and unloading, completed by checks and other operations, container handling consists in trying to absorb, or at least reduce the effects of the combination of constraints in the delivery of merchandises and to ensure greater flow of traffic in the network node. The results also highlight organizational compromises through the permanent adjustment of the means of production in the scheduling and dispatching activities. Show more

Keywords: Handling, container, multimodal platform, dynamical environment, scheduling, interrupted activity

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1057-6039

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6039-6046, 2012

Authors: Sontag, Andressa Aline | Vilagra, José Mohamud | Moreira, Helenara Salvati Bertolossi | Moro, Antônio Renato Pereira | Cruz, Roberto Moraes | Reis, Pedro Ferreira | Galvão, Isabele Maia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the workplace there are risk factors that can overwhelm the health of the worker causing physical and psychological disorders. Among these disorders, is occupational stress. Thus, this research proposes to measure the mental workload of job stress from the identification of demand, control and social support. It is an observational cross-sectional epidemiological character, performed with the Rectory office workers at the State University of West Paraná (Unioeste). Data collection was due to the application of the “Job Stress Scale” (JSS) and in its reduced version adapted to Portuguese. The survey sample consisted of 44 individuals. Statistical analysis was correlated …inversely with medium intensity (r = − 0.404) between age and social support. For males was found between control and age (r = 0.603). According to the data obtained, we conclude that most workers are exposed to passive work, leading to loss of skills or disinterest in the job. This study highlights the importance of research in the area and the need for new actions that change the conditions of stress at work. Show more

Keywords: Stress, Job Stress Scale, Occupational Health, mental load

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1058-6047

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6047-6049, 2012

Authors: Mebarki, Bouhafs | El-Bachir, Tebboune Cheikh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The growing need in Algeria to develop ergonomics knowledge and practice in industry was behind the initiative to develop a training and research project within the ergonomics laboratory at Oran University. Since 2005 the laboratory team is running an academic option master in work design and ergonomics. The evaluation of the academic master in 2010 revealed the acute need of the local industry for professional competences in ergonomic and work psychology. A professional training master program in “ergonomics & work psychology” was then developed in partnership with local industry, five European Universities and six Universities from three Maghreb countries. Research …projects were initiated around the two training programs, in conjunction with a number of ergonomics dissemination and promotion activities. Preliminary results of the project are presented and discussed in relation to the local context, and in the light of similar cases in Industrially Developing Countries. Show more

Keywords: promoting and disseminating ergonomics, knowledge and practice, research and training, ergonomic and work psychology, partnership

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1059-6050

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6050-6053, 2012

Authors: Fernández, Juan M Dulce | Carbonell, Laura M Pimienta

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The design of the electronic pad for office chairs, required to identify the needs and difficulties of an office user, by initially conducting surveys and observational studies that allowed to identify ergonomic deficiencies in the workplace, and user's bad habits, which were reflected in back pain, neck and shoulder affections and some diseases caused by these symptoms, that finally impacted on worker's health and productivity.

Keywords: Job Analysis and work design, human factors engineering, occupational health, ergonomics in design, Musculoskeletal Disorders

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1060-6054

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6054-6058, 2012

Authors: Martins, Suzana Barreto

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to present a methodological proposition, named OIKOS, to evaluate comfort and usability in clothing and fashion products. The development of the methodology was based on the need to underlay the project of clothing and fashion products with ergonomic and usability principles in all the stages of the product development, since its conception. The theoretical foundation lays on the introduction of ergonomics and usability as fundamental variables while developing clothing and fashion product projects, to obtain comfort. The OIKOS Methodology proposition incorporates ergonomic features, usability principles and comfort criteria for clothing and fashion products. These …will be guidelines to fulfill the user different requirements relating to the clothing and fashion products adjustment and quality. Besides reaching the intended comfort, this methodological proposition contributes to extend the product's life cycle, reducing the environment impact caused by its early disposal, and at the same time establishes an emotional connection between the user and the product. Show more

Keywords: Fashion and Clothing, Ergonomics, Usability, Comfort, OIKOS Methodology

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1061-6059

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6059-6067, 2012

Authors: de Oliveira, Luciana Duarte Satler | Magalhães, Sarina Occhipinti

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of this paper was to investigate the work ability of employees within a multinational corporation specialized in supplying automated production lines and maintenance of industrial assets and the relation between work shifts and the work ability. This is a descriptive comparative study conducted in the company, with a sample of 776 maintenance workers. We used the Work Ability Index (WAI) to assess their ability to work. The study subjects were young adults, all male, around 37 years old, divided into 53.6% in the fixed shift and 46.4% in rotating shifts. From the results, it can be concluded that …workers in general have good work ability, but when divided into shifts, better results are found in the group of rotating shift workers. Further study should be conducted to investigate whether the shift interferes on the outcome of WAI. Show more

Keywords: work ability, working conditions, health worker's day shift and night shift

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1062-6068

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6068-6070, 2012

Authors: de Carvalho, Ricardo José Matos

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Ergopolis defines itself as an idea for thinking and transforming the city from the understanding of its own complexity and the complex human activity in it. The city is a living social organism where social production and reproduction take place. It is a sociotechnical and human-technological system where transformations and adaptations occur. The current article aims to gather and present cognitive ergonomics approaches, ranging from anthropotechnology, macroergonomics, resilience engineering and situated economy as a feasible theoretical and methodological path to be used in the understanding of the urban problems related to health, safety, accessibility, usability, mobility, people comfort and environmental …sustainability of the city. The city is a situated space through which people with distinct features, capabilities and limitations perform daily singular activities i.e. leisure, entertainment or work notwithstanding whether they have economic and/or profitable aims or not. Show more

Keywords: Ergopolis, ergonomics, cognition, resilience, city

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1063-6071

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6071-6078, 2012

Authors: Trask, Catherine | Mathiassen, Svend Erik | Wahlström, Jens | Heiden, Marina | Rezagholi, Mahmoud

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Documentation of posture measurement cost is rare and cost models that do exist are generally naïve. This paper provides a comprehensive cost model for ergonomic research, documents the monetary costs of three exposure assessment methods (inclinometry, video observation, and self-report), and discusses cost components. Trunk and shoulder posture were assessed for 27 aircraft baggage handlers for 3 full shifts each using three methods typical to ergonomics: self-report via questionnaire, observation via video film, and full-shift inclinometer registration. The model accounted for costs related to meetings to plan the study, administration, recruitment, equipment, training of data collectors, travel, and onsite data …collection. Findings show that inclinometer was the most expensive method, followed by observation and then self report; the majority of costs (90%) were borne by researchers. Study design parameters such as sample size, measurement scheduling and spacing, concurrent measurements, location and travel, and equipment acquisition were shown to have wide-ranging impacts on costs. This study provided empirical cost data for use in cost models that can facilitate decision making and planning of future studies, and can be used to investigate cost efficiency in future studies. Show more

Keywords: cost efficiency, exposure assessment, work related musculoskeletal disorders, methods development

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1064-6079

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6079-6086, 2012

Authors: dos Santos, Carlos Maurício Duque | Costa Neto, Pedro Luiz Oliveira

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study aims to present and assess a management model for implementing ergonomic improvements in the quality of working conditions in production processes in order to meet the requirements of Regulation Standard NR-17 (Brazilian Health and Safety Labor Regulations), which is an integral part of the Brazilian Labor Legislation. The object was to create a Company Ergonomics Management Model. The management model was implemented in two companies on their manufacturing production lines producing different products and demonstrating satisfactory results.

Keywords: Ergonomics, Quality, Management Model

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1065-6087

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6087-6093, 2012

Authors: Rodrigues, Fernanda | Teixeira, Nuno

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The Human activity is always associated with a probability of risk exposure that have to be eliminated or kept in an acceptable level. The acceptable level concept depends on the self evaluation in function of different subjective and objective factors, being extremely important to quantify objectively the risk. The risk assessment permits to get the knowledge of the working interactions that have to be studied and determine what kind of interventions must be implemented, when and how. The maintenance activities of medical equipments such as for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialyses, involve diverse occupational risk. During this study its assessment was …carried out through the SOBANE methodology - Screening Observation Analysis Expertise (in the Screening phase). The risk assessment depicts that the principal hazards those technicians are exposed are related with ergonomics, psychosocial, electrical, fall at the same level, biologics and fire. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the risk assessment during maintenance activities of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialyses equipments. Show more

Keywords: Equipments maintenance, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, hazards, case study

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1066-6094

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6094-6097, 2012

Authors: Steffner, Daniel | Schenkman, Bo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Change blindness on web pages was studied for 20 participants. The purpose was to find how change blindness appears for web pages, and which changes are easier to detect. The task was to detect if a change had occurred and to show this by the means of the cursor. Rensink's flicker paradigm was used, where four categories of changes were presented. It was easier to detect a change not consisting of a person than one with a person. It was easier to detect a change to the left than to the right. The complexity of the web pages did not …appear to have an effect, while large changes were easier to detect than small. The results may indicate that focused attention is differently sensitive for different kinds of changes. They also show that change blindness is a general phenomenon that can be applied to the perception of web pages. Show more

Keywords: Change blindness, attention, perception, web pages, reaction time

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1067-6098

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6098-6102, 2012

Authors: Orenha, Eliel Soares | Naressi, Suely Mutti Carvalho | Teixeira, Symone Cristina | Rosetti, Enzo | Plácido da Silva, José Carlos | Bormio, Mariana Falcão | Fontana, Artemis Rodrigues | Meneghim, Marcelo de Castro | Soares, Angélica Cristiane Búlio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study aimed to describe how to evaluate and quantify the ergonomic satisfaction level of dental clinics rooms. Requirements for design, production and selection of dental equipment as described in ISO/TC-106/SC-6-N-411, support more comprehensive studies for an ergonomic evaluation and ergo design of the dental workstations. It was created a checklist of ergonomics requirements which is supported by Standards ISO/FDI and acquired by mean of a literature review. According to information exposed at the document of the Ergonomics Society of Dental Ergonomics - ESDE we can consider that the elaboration of an ergonomic evaluation protocol regard to the dental workstation …is an important demand for the ergonomics, particularly in relation to the performance of the ergonomic design which presents qualified to assist to dental equipment manufactures. By this means, the identification of the evaluation factors pointed in ISO/TC 106/SC 6 N 411 offers the basic information to the process of elaboration of this protocol addressed by the described general guidelines. Show more

Keywords: ergonomics, design, dental equipment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1068-6103

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6103-6106, 2012

Authors: Rasmussen, John | Boocock, Mark | Paul, Gunther

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper investigates new opportunities for ergonomic design based on advanced computer simulated musculoskeletal modeling. The approach is inspired by the influence that other advanced computer-aided engineering technologies have had on product design. The background to the musculoskeletal modeling approach (AnyBody Modeling System) is briefly explained and illustrated by means of a hand sawing task. Simple design modifications to the handle of the saw provide empirical data about muscle forces on which designers can use to enhance product design. It is concluded that musculoskeletal simulation has the potential to significantly improve ergonomic design of many tools and products that derive …their value from interfacing with the human body. Show more

Keywords: Musculoskeletal simulation, Ergonomic design, Anybody Modeling System, Hand saw. Design

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1069-6107

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6107-6111, 2012

Authors: Widanarko, Baiduri | Legg, Stephen | Stevenson, Mark | Devereux, Jason

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Although there is strong evidence that single physical, psychosocial and organisational risk factors are each independent predictors of low back symptoms (LBS) and its consequences, little is known about their combination/interaction. A preliminary study was conducted among 673 workers as part of a larger study (n=1294) in a coal mining company in Indonesia. A self-reported questionnaire was used to obtain physical and psychosocial exposures, and organisational factors. Each participant was grouped into one of four combination exposure groups: 1) high physical (working with bent trunk, whole body vibration exposure, lifting) and high psychosocial (high effort, low reward, work stress), 2) …high physical and low psychosocial, 3) low physical and high psychosocial, 4) low physical and low psychosocial (as the reference group). Individuals in the high physical and high psychosocial group were the most likely to report LBS (OR 3.47 95% CI 1.81-6.64), reduced activities (OR 6.94 95% CI 1.58-30.49) and absenteeism (OR 7.01 95% CI 2.04-24.10). Permanent workers were more likely to report LBS and its consequences whereas night shift work increased the risk of LBS consequences. Interventions to reduce LBS and its consequences should address both physical and psychosocial factors, with a focus on permanent and night shift workers. Show more

Keywords: musculoskeletal disorders, back pain, developing country, blue-collar worker, disability, sick leave

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1070-6112

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6112-6119, 2012

Authors: Spada, Stefania | Sessa, Fabrizio | Corato, Francesco

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper show an application of Virtual Reality (VR) tools and Digital Human Modeling (DHM) methods to improve simulation of assembly tasks in order to achieve an ergonomic optimization of future workcells in car assembly plants. The goal is to perform the simulation in the very early phase of product and process development, when changes to project solutions are easy and costless. Generating synthetic motion with a Digital Human Modeling (DHM) tool that is ergonomically optimized for (eventually different) ergonomic indexes is a longstanding problem in the simulation analysis of ergonomics aspects of workcells. An ergonomic criterion which allows to …classify a movement as a ergonomic or not, could be very useful to develop a new approach to synthetic motion generation in postural analysis. The application described is based on Motion Tracking techniques that allow to acquire human movements during a common assembly operation and to obtain the most important kinematic and information to characterize the movements. The results allow to evaluate ergonomics aspects of the synthetically generate motion on the base of statistical and wavelet analysis. By moving a 3D human model, it is possible to verify if the simulation of an assembly task is within an ergonomic criterion. Show more

Keywords: Virtual simulation, motion capture, ergonomic classification, digital human modeling, statistical analysis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1071-6120

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6120-6126, 2012

Authors: Sznelwar, L. I. | Hubault, F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a discussion about the possibilities to link strategic decisions to working activities performed by workers. In that sense contributions from activities analysis could be considered in order to design and manage production.

Keywords: Working activities, Ergonomic Work Analysis, Strategic decisions, Organization Design

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1072-6127

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6127-6132, 2012

Authors: Achleitner, H. | Álvarez-Casado, E. | Zhang, B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are extremely common health problem and have important consequences for the individual and the society which are affecting millions of European workers across all employment sectors. One of the main objectives of TIAM is to collect good practices in prevention of WMSDs and disseminate the good practice to all the regions. Three documents related to collect good practices (Good practices definition, Good practices report form and Questionnaire form for regional policy) had been sent to all the participant regions. Good practices and successful experiences or innovations in WMSDs prevention have been collected from 5 European regions. …A good practice database has been developed based on 8 categories: TIAM region; Sector; Topic; WMSDs relevance; Work activities; Risk assessment methodology; Results of reassessment and Impact on performance. Finally, the database has been successfully uploaded onto the website (www.TIAM.eu) in order to share knowledge and promote good practices in WMSDs prevention. Collecting good practices based on a collaborative platform for preventing WMSDs will not only help companies improve and maintain healthy and safe working conditions, but will also promote the creation of new solutions in the field of WMSD and injuries prevention. Show more

Keywords: Good practice, Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), occupational risk prevention, toolkits, safety and health in workplace

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1073-6133

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6133-6138, 2012

Authors: Quaresma, Manuela

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper aims to present an assessment of the visual demand of typical data entry tasks in two popular navigation systems among iPhone Brazilians users - TomTom App and iGO Primo App. Applying the extended KLM technique, the total times to perform the tasks with interruptions were estimated, with which it was possible to evaluate the potential for driver distraction as per criteria established by some recommended practices of automotive industry. With the results obtained, it was identified that the main issues that lead to increased visual demand afforded by the systems are related to the amount of screens that …are required in the process of data entry and the failure to implement iOS features in applications developed for it. Show more

Keywords: interface design, usability, navigation systems, driver distraction, task analysis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1074-6139

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6139-6144, 2012

Authors: Caroly, S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As part of research into occupational doctors' practices in the field of MSD prevention, the objective is to explore the differences between occupational health physicians in practices between men and women employees' ability to return to work. Diagnosis is based on what they are able to do or not do in their day-to-day life. The way the employees are questioned is often stereotypical depending on family roles and gender-related characteristics: housework for women, doing DIY or gardening for men. A part from this stereotypical style of questioning, the occupation health physician' actions when writing out ability restrictions for men and …women are often linked to the employees' work context. Indeed, employees can be exposed unequally to MSDs, and this sometimes leads to real job issues. Yet, underlying these common practices, the way the back-to-work medical visit with a female or male employee is organised differs according to the occupational doctor's gender. One of the main differences is the way the doctors manage their relationship with the employees. Show more

Keywords: gender, MSD, occupational health physician, activity

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1075-6145

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6145-6152, 2012

Authors: Silverstein, Barbara | Howard, Ninica | Adams, Darrin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Washington State passed Safe Patient Handling legislation (ESHB 1672) for hospitals in 2006 with full implementation by 2010. We assessed the impact of the legislation by comparing workers compensation claims rates for Washington State hospitals (with) nursing homes (without) over this period, focusing on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). We also compared implementation of SPH in Washington State hospitals (with legislation) to comparable hospitals in Idaho (no legislation) via focus groups and surveys. Over the study period, hospital WC rates for WMSDs declined more rapidly than nursing home WC rates. Washington hospital nursing staff reported significantly greater SPH implementation than Idaho …nursing staff. Show more

Keywords: musculoskeletal disorders, hospitals, legislation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1076-6153

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6153-6155, 2012

Authors: Cunha, Liliana | Lacomblez, Marianne

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The focus of the present analysis is on the work of drivers in the public road passenger transportation sector in Portugal and on its specific contribution to local development. This approach dissociates itself from the one that places mobility as a “paradigm” of the contemporary societies and considers that the increase in mobility registered in the latter years is, in itself, revealing of development. For field work, a public transportation line, in an urban context, and a network of lines, in a rural context were chosen. In each of these contexts, the drivers' work was analyzed in real situations and …semi-structured interviews were held with 16 of them: ten drivers in an urban context and six in a rural context. Considering the point of view of the work activity, enabled us to abandon the dominant perspectives that tend to highlight the social inequality of the mobility conditions (between those who use a private vehicle and those who need to use public transportation), to reflect on the characteristics of the mobility spaces which benefit or limit it, contributing to other inequalities. What is the importance of the space for mobility besides its support? How is it considered in the drivers' work? Show more

Keywords: Transportation, Mobility, Drivers, Territory, Inequalities

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1077-6156

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6156-6161, 2012

Authors: Gemma, S. F. B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study discusses issues related to work in the certification process of Organic Production Units (OPU). Data was collected from ten producers in the region of Campinas, Sao Paulo Brazil, which represent the majority of producers of certified organic vegetables and fruits. The methodology used was an adaptation of Ergonomic Work Analysis method, and structured interviews. As OPU are small and most people perform many tasks related to the various work systems, there is little specialization. Their activities are uncomfortable, awkward physical postures and significant efforts are necessary to perform the work in horticulture. Tasks are predominantly manual and just …a few of them can count on the help of mechanization. The certification process and it's maintenance have several implications for farmers, on top of the paperwork, there is an universe of work already so full of activities demanded by the production and marketing systems. The complex context of production, mainly because of its diversity, associated with lack of financial resources and technology, demands from organic farmers to build multiple strategies for business survival. Certification can, contrary to what is expected represent another barrier to the expansion of organic production. Show more

Keywords: organic agriculture, ergonomics, ergonomic work analysis, certification processes, certifiers

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1078-6162

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 6162-6167, 2012