Work - Volume 41, issue Supplement 1

Authors: Oppold, P. | Rupp, M. | Mouloua, M. | Hancock, P.A. | Martin, J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Unmanned (UAVs, UCAVs, and UGVs) systems still have major human factors and ergonomic challenges related to the effective design of their control interface systems, crucial to their efficient operation, maintenance, and safety. Unmanned system interfaces with a human centered approach promote intuitive interfaces that are easier to learn, and reduce human errors and other cognitive ergonomic issues with interface design. Automation has shifted workload from physical to cognitive, thus control interfaces for unmanned systems need to reduce mental workload on the operators and facilitate the interaction between vehicle and operator. Two-handed video game controllers provide wide usability within the overall …population, prior exposure for new operators, and a variety of interface complexity levels to match the complexity level of the task and reduce cognitive load. This paper categorizes and provides taxonomy for 121 haptic interfaces from the entertainment industry that can be utilized as control interfaces for unmanned systems. Five categories of controllers were based on the complexity of the buttons, control pads, joysticks, and switches on the controller. This allows the selection of the level of complexity needed for a specific task without creating an entirely new design or utilizing an overly complex design. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive-Load, Tele-Operation, Human Computer Interaction

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0896-5609

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5609-5611, 2012

Authors: Cornelli, Renata | de Macedo Guimarães, Lia Buarque

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article presents a macroergonomic intervention carried out in a small footwear components company located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The company's demand was related to the waste of the expensive raw-material (thermoplastic polyurethane or TPU) used to manufacture the components (high heels pegs). According to the managerial staff, the waste was workers responsibility due to the craft characteristic of the process. A participative method was used to evaluate the problems, propose and implement solutions, as well as evaluate their impact on the workers and the Company. Improvements in the work conditions resulted in increase of …workers' satisfaction with the work and in 31.5% waste reduction. Show more

Keywords: participative ergonomics, waste, footwear, components

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1046-5612

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5612-5620, 2012

Authors: Francisco, Lopez-Millan | De la Vega, Enrique | Rodriguez, Manuel | Ayala, Armando

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Industrial work is a very active sector in the economy of countries; an important part of people's work is done using the upper extremities. The purpose of this project is to characterize the effect of upper extremity work, analyze its relationship with the hand strength and the presence of fatigue and develop a model with the ability to estimate recovery times for the shoulder using variables different from the biomechanical variables.

Keywords: fatigue, recovery time, biomechanical modeling, shoulder pain

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0897-5621

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5621-5623, 2012

Authors: Tokars, Eunice | Moro, Antonio Renato Pereira | dos Santos, Gabriel Grabner

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of complaints of musculoskeletal pain in workers following the metallurgical establishing a relationship with the sociodemographic profile and perception of professionals about the cause of symptoms. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the following metallurgical enterprises in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. The sample consisted of 50 individuals. The instrument used for data collection was the “Nordic Questionnaire of musculoskeletal symptoms” including demographic data and verifying the level of significance (0.05). There was a prevalence of low back pain, hip and lower limbs (92%), especially those who work more …than one year, and 82% reported relationship between pain and work. The symptoms in the lumbar region grouped the dorsal region was more related to activity performed with the p-value of 0.000. The possible relationship between pain and the work reveals the need for an ergonomic program that allows improved quality of life for the metallurgical. Show more

Keywords: metalworkers, musculoskeletal disorders, ergonomics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0898-5624

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5624-5626, 2012

Authors: Lu, Chih-Wei | Yao, Chia-Chun | Kuo, Chein-Wen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) has been used all over the world. Although the manufacture process of TFT-LCD was highly automated, employees are hired to do manual job in module assembly process. The operators may have high risk of musculoskeletal disorders because of the long work hours and the repetitive activities in an unfitted work station. The tools of this study were questionnaire, checklist and to evaluate the work place design. The result shows that the participants reported high musculoskeletal disorder symptoms in shoulder (59.8%), neck (49.5%), wrist (39.5%), and upper back (30.6%). And, to reduce the ergonomic …risk factors, revising the height of the work benches, chairs and redesigning the truck to decrease the chance of unsuitable positions were recommended and to reduce other ergonomics hazards and seta good human machine interface and appropriate job design. Show more

Keywords: TFT-LCD, manufacturing process, musculoskeletal disorder, risk factor

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0899-5627

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5627-5630, 2012

Authors: Ludescher, N.O. | Vergilio, R.R. | Lucio, C.C. | Santos, J.E.G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Packaging and labeling play a crucial role awhile protecting medicaments and transmitting a range of crucial information to the users. Taking into account the scarcity of specific studies in this area, it was considered great the need for a comprehensive survey about customers' satisfaction when handling these containers.

Keywords: Packaging, drug, handling, ergonomics, usability

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0900-5631

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5631-5633, 2012

Authors: Yu, Denny | Sackllah, Michael E. | Woolley, Charles B. | Kasten, Steven J. | Kim, Daniel | Green, Cooper | Armstrong, Thomas J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The operating microscopes may be a significant cause of fatigue and discomfort in surgeons. The need for the microscope to be placed over the operating field forces surgeons to remain at the microscope’s eyepieces at an uncomfortable posture for the entirety of the surgery. This study compared the effects on microsurgical task performance for four visualization methods: a monocular microscope, a binocular microscope, a three-dimensional (3D) flat-panel television display and a two-dimensional (2D) flat-panel television display. Eleven subjects each performed two microsurgical tasks and their performance was documented by video camera. The statistical analysis performed indicated utilization of the microscope …as a visualization method increased subject performance. No significant difference in performance between the 2D and stereoscopic visualization methods. Show more

Keywords: microsurgery, heads-up displays, task performance, fatigue

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0901-5634

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5634-5636, 2012

Authors: Knibbe, J.J. | Knibbe, N.E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Traditionally back pain in the nursing profession is associated with heavy lifting of patients. Although there is a strong relationship between heavy loads on the spine and lifting patients, literature indicates that there is a major factor that should not be underestimated: static load. Static load can be defined as the result of static, not moving, not dynamic, working positions. For example when a caregiver is washing a patient on a bed which is too low, her back is in a static (bended) stooped position up to several minutes. Exposure to static load is an underestimated silent killer of nurses …musculoskeletal system . There is evidence from this cross-sectional study that static load can be reduced by a combination of introducing the right equipment, creating awareness and education. Show more

Keywords: ergonomic, health care, back pain

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0902-5637

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5637-5638, 2012

Authors: Knibbe, J.J. | Knibbe, N.E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Occupational back pain among nurses leads to high costs and personal suffering for nurses. It is difficult to assess the success of such initiatives and to monitor results in a practical way. Such a practical monitoring and web-based instrument was developed. This Care Thermometer (CT) allows the users to assess the current situation in their facility today, and, with regular use, it can help to track progress over time. The Care Thermometer is a further step in the development of the TilThermometer, a validated assessment tool that is used on a large, national scale in The Netherlands. The claims of …the newly developed Care Thermometer are ambitious and an international validation study was performed in four countries: the UK, USA, Germany and the Netherlands. The instrument appears to be sufficiently valid, useful and practical. There are however some points to keep in mind when interpreting the results of the CT. Especially a careful, punctual and stringent data collection phase is crucial for accurate and useful results. Some recommendations to further improve the practical use both for the design of the instrument and the process of data-collection and -entering are given. Show more

Keywords: ergonomics, nursing, occupational back pain, prevention

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0903-5639

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5639-5641, 2012

Authors: Knibbe, J.J. | Knibbe, N.E. | Waaijer, E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In hospitals many horizontal transfers (from stretcher to bed etc.) are performed from the moment a patient is admitted (f.e. with an ambulance) through examination departments all the way to the wards. These transfers can be very strenuous and solutions may be to use a special lifting device that accompanies the patient on this route: a stretcher sling This is a specially designed disposable lifting sling for horizontal transfers and repositioning, the sling can easily be connected to a ceiling or mobile lift. The ambulance service, two hospitals and a manufacturer decided to study the effects. The stretcher sling travels …with the patient. Does this provide an ergonomically sound solution and is this an effective and efficient solution? The results were positive, but a behavioral change was also necessary. Show more

Keywords: occupational, productivity, back pain

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0904-5642

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5642-5643, 2012

Authors: Simonsen, Jenny Gremark | Arvidsson, Inger | Nordander, Catarina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Surgical staff is considered to have several ergonomic risk factors, but their physical workload and musculoskeletal health have seldom been evaluated. Clinical examinations of neck and upper extremities were performed in 99 theatre nurses and 93 assisting nurses, all females. Their physical workload was assessed by questionnaire, and by technical measurements of postures, movements and muscular load in subgroups of both categories. The prevalences of diagnoses in neck/shoulders were not remarkably high in the nurses, compared to other occupational groups. In elbows/hands though, the prevalence was rather high among assistant nurses, 13 vs. 5 % in theatre nurses; POR …3.0 (CI 95 % 1.0 – 8.9). Theatre nurses experienced prolonged static postures in the questionnaire, whilst assistant nurses reported high physical load. Accordingly, the technical measurements showed more strenuous working postures in the theatre nurses, but lower wrist angular velocities. The time proportion of muscular rest in m.trapezius was rather high in both groups. Although both groups had some stressful loads they had relatively low prevalence of diagnoses in neck/shoulders. The high proportion of muscular rest may be protective. The elevated risk of elbows/hands diagnoses among assistant nurses may be explained by strenuous work tasks of short duration. Show more

Keywords: Physical load, technical measurements, mechanical and physical indices, musculoskeletal disorders

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0905-5644

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5644-5646, 2012

Authors: Sant'Ana, Marco Antônio | Kovalechen, Fabrício

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study evaluated the risks for cardiovascular disease and the life habits of garment industry workers in northwestern Paraná state, Brazil. The following parameters were assessed: body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, eating habits and physical activities by garment industry workers. Cardiovascular risk was observed in some of the studied subjects, in the form of high BMI and reduced maximal oxygen uptake. The development of a workplace quality-of-life program is suggested, aiming to stimulate the development of physical activities to improve the cardiovascular conditioning of workers.

Keywords: garment industry, physical activity, ergonomic analysis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0906-5647

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5647-5649, 2012

Authors: Knibbe, J.J. | Waaijer, E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: One of the major problems encountered in health care during the process of implementing ergonomic changes is the lack of space. There is often not enough space to work with larger equipment like patient lifters and shower chairs or other medical devices necessary in a preventive program. This leads to undesirable extra physical load for nurses. Therefore it is imperative that in the process of designing the health care environment ergonomic considerations are taken into account. A method to assess the optimum size and shape of the space required is developed and the value of the method is tested in …a pilot setting. The pilot is currently underway and the results will be presented on the final poster. Show more

Keywords: nurses, architecture, building

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0907-5650

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5650-5651, 2012

Authors: Custódio, RAR | Brandão, JGT | Amorim, JBO

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study evaluated the influence an abdominal support attached to a traditional stool, of those used by dentists, has on the body’s distribution of the electrical activity of the superior trapezius and the longissimus thoracic muscles of dental students during the execution of a clinical procedure. The results showed no significant difference in the body’s distribution in the seat and backrest, but did reveal there was a weight discharge of 3.1±1.9% of dentist’s body weight in the abdominal support. The 9 o’clock position proved to be the best position to perform clinical procedures. It was also observed that the position …was closer to the body’s axis. Show more

Keywords: electromyography, extensomety, dentistry

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0908-5652

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5652-5654, 2012

Authors: Knibbe, J.J. | Knibbe, N.E. | Waaijer, E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to implement preventive programs to prevent back pain in nurses, assessments of the degree of passivity and mobility of patients is imperative. After all, the load in health care ergonomics, is often the patient. The degree of cooperation or resistance determines the load on the back for the nurses and the necessity of the use of lifting devices like patient lifters or sliding sheets. These assessments must be done in both a practical and a reliable way. For this purpose a 3-category and a 5- category system to assess the degree of patient mobility and passivity was developed …and tested. The results are presented on the poster. Show more

Keywords: ergonomics, prevention, back pain, patient assessment, nurse

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0909-5655

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5655-5656, 2012

Authors: Knibbe, J.J. | Knibbe, N.E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Research can point to new opportunities and assist in the development of valid business cases to help nurse managers plan change and allocate their budgets to the most promising interventions. These business cases and their results will, in turn, pave the way for more in depth and more fundamental research into implementation processes. It will add to the body of knowledge of intervention research and ultimately hopefully also add to our understanding of why ergonomic interventions in the workplace will or will not be effective and what the impact of financial constraints is. It is difficult to develop and design …a valid businesscase. This poster will present one of the possible strategies to develop one. Show more

Keywords: innovation, implementation, back pain, patient handling, ergonomic approach, nursing

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0910-5657

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5657-5658, 2012

Authors: Mizuno, Yuki | Yoshikawa, Toru | Matsuda, Fumiko | Takeuchi, Yuriko | Motegi, Nobuyuki | Ikegami, Thor | Sakai, Kazuhiro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristic of workloads on human care worker with the introduction of IT system, and suggested the support measures for KAIZEN in Japan. The investigation method is workflow line and hearing with a focus on work observation. The objects were 8 human care workers of the acute hospital that introduced an electronic system. By the introduction of the electronic chart, the nurse station sojourn time decreased, sickroom sojourn time increased, and time about direct nursing care to a patient increased. In addition, access to patient information became easy, and the offer of …the health care service based on correct information came to be possible in real time. By The point of workflow line, it was effect that moving lengths decreased in order to install the electronic chart in patients’ rooms. Though, it was a problem that it hasn’t formed where to place the instruments such as sphygmomanometer, clinical thermometer and others. Show more

Keywords: work loads, KAIZEN, human care worker, workflow line, IT system

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0911-5659

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5659-5661, 2012

Authors: Motegi, Nobuyuki | Matsuda, Fumiko | Takeuchi, Yuriko | Misawa, Tetsuo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study seeks to evaluate the effect of regular and new nursing methods in nursing care work. Nursing care work often causes low back pain in nursing care worker. The principle of not lifting when transferring patients has been proposed as one way to prevent low back pain. This principle incorporates the use of the patient’s strength and assistant aids. A sliding seats and transfer boards have been proposed as assistant aids for the transferring patients. It is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of these assistant aids in preventing low back pain. Ten subjects performed two tasks in this experiment. …Five were nursing experienced persons and five were the inexperienced. EMG results indicated that the new nursing method was less stressful than the methods. A questionnaire revealed that the new method was evaluated more highly than the regular method. Based on these results, we propose that a sliding seats and transfer boards be used in nursing care work. Show more

Keywords: assistive devices, electromyography, workload

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0912-5662

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5662-5664, 2012

Authors: Werner, Nicole E. | Nelson, Erik T. | Boehm-Davis, Deborah A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Medication error is an issue that no hospital is immune from, leading to 7,000 deaths and 1.3 million patient injuries each year. The purpose of this study was to decrease the risk and occurrence of medication errors by analyzing the hospital pharmacy. Task analyses were performed and it was found that communication, expectation, and procedural issues were leading to the occurrence of the most common type of medication error in the pharmacy. Recommendations were made to improve the process and reduce the occurrence of this type of error.

Keywords: Patient safety, medication error, task analysis, pharmacy

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0913-5665

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5665-5667, 2012

Authors: de Gois Leite, Cyntia Maria | de Carvalho, Ricardo JoséMatos

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article uses the contributions of ergonomics to understand the work performed by hotel managers. The concern to understand the job of managers is something new in the ergonomics and few studies address this issue, especially in what concerns the work of hotel managers and its aspects of performance and health, which is the focus of this article. Through a literature review on the subject, it is sought to understand the managers’ work activity, the impacts on their health and their organizational performance, as managers take an ambivalent position in organizations, since they have to deal directly with the demands …of upper and lower hierarchies in a context of high competition, organizational changes and user requirements. It is then inferred there is a risk of increased work density for managers, bringing negative consequences to their health and organizational performance. This phenomenon, still poorly covered by ergonomics, contributes to a certain invisibility of the manager’s work in society as a whole, when the manager may suffer from health problems, which are also common in certain populations of workers who do not take the managerial function. Show more

Keywords: Ergonomics, Macroergonomics, Managers, Hospitality

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0914-5668

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5668-5670, 2012

Authors: Siebert-Adzic, Meike

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Emotions as reasons for dissatisfaction, decreasing job performance or physical and mental strain at work are becoming more and more important. Especially psycho-social interactions with conflicts between employees and managers, caused by leadership behavior, as a source of negative emotions are relevant in this context [1]. Which relevance emotions can have in order to influence human behavior and in order to influence work climate will be demonstrated by two qualitative field surveys in the automotive and the energy sector. The study in the energy sector will explain which leadership behavior fosters an improved employee behavior concerning occupational health and safety. …A second study in the automotive industry shows that leadership behavior which causes positive emotions is essential for successful teamwork. Show more

Keywords: leadership, emotion, psycho-social interaction

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0915-5671

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5671-5673, 2012

Authors: Turte, Samantha Lemos | Correa, Maria Eduarda Cavadinha | da Luz, Andrea Aparecida | Fischer, Frida Marina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: There is a considerable number of researches about workplace violence, but few relate young workers and work harassment. This study aimed to investigate the reported perceptions of young apprentices and trainees about moral harassment at work and related coping strategies. Forty adolescent workers (22 men and 18 women) between 15 and 20 years old who received training by a non-governmental organization in São Paulo, Brazil, participated in the study. Data collection included individual and collective interviews. It was used an in-depth semi structured interview protocol. The discourses were analyzed using the hermeneutic-dialectic frame. Results showed that young workers reported little …or no knowledge of strategies to cope with moral harassment at work, showing vulnerability to the effects of aggression. Effective coping strategies at work should embrace two important concepts of health promotion: empowerment and autonomy. Show more

Keywords: Occupational health, workplace harassment, adolescent workers, mental health, health promotion

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0916-5674

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5674-5676, 2012

Authors: Sadeghi, Nasrin | Tolide-ie, Hamidreza | Ghaderi, Fatemeh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Heart rate is associated with work hardness and increase linearly with its increasing. In the average of energy consumption, heart rate measurement is simple but non-accurate method for calculation of work hardness. Our purpose in this research was to evaluate the relationship between heart rate and dynamometry results with hypothesis of work hardness effectiveness on the human power. This study was conducted on 102 porcelain workers. Participants were selected randomly. The research tools include stethoscope, the dynamometer. Heart rate, and pinch, grip, and back-leg-chest force were measured and relationships between variables were analyzed with Pearson correlation test and independent T-test …using Spss16 software. The average heart rate of participants were 4.11±1.79 with minimum 60 and maximum120. The average force of pinch, grip, and back-leg-chest were 8.9±3.20, 4.2±4.5 and 9.36±6.55, respectively. Work hardness for 3.86% of workers were light, 7.12% were moderate and 1% were heavy. Pinch, grip, and back-leg-chest force relation with heart rate were not significant (r=0.01, p=0.85), (r=-0.03, p=0.74), and (r=0.05, p= 0.59), respectively. There was no correlation between heart rate and work hardness. So we can’t use the dynamometry results to determine of work hardness. Show more

Keywords: Dynamometry, Grip force, Pinch force, back-leg-chest force, Heart rate, Work hardness

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0917-5677

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5677-5680, 2012

Authors: de Barros Pimenta, Aline | Santos, Sueli Maria dos Reis | de Jesus, Maria Cristina Pinto | Borges, Marcos Mantins | de Oliveira Marques, Geraldo Luciano | Abdalla, e José Gustavo Francis

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The generation growing and diversified of Municipal Solid Waste is configured as an environmental problem, economic and social deterioration, especially, by application of inappropriate management of them. Faced with this urban context, the research in development presents as specific objective assessment of the quality of life of the gatherers of recyclable materials were active in the city of Juiz de Fora, in the brazilian state of Minas Gerais. In addition, the objective is, still, the recognition of the activity of sorting performed by “scavengers” in order to maximize the reduction, reuse and recycling energy and material waste daily. The proposed …methodology is based on the application of the questionnaire Word Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100), prepared by the World Health Organization, in order to value the quality of life of the gatherers of recyclable materials, involved, even in educational workshops in order to discuss and organize strategies of health care and scouting to the basement to public policies. Show more

Keywords: Quality of life, Scavengers, Municipal Solid Waste, Research

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0918-5681

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5681-5683, 2012

Authors: Rodrigues, Martha | Castello Branco, Iana | Shimioshi, José | Rodrigues, Evaldo | Monteiro, Simone | Quirino, Marcelo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of cognitive-ergonomic aspects of e-learning courses, offered by an organism from Brazilian Public Administration. The Cognitive Ergonomic studies conductive and cognitive aspects concerning to the relation between human, physics elements and social elements of the work space. From that usability aspects were evaluated by these points: i) visualization; ii) text comprehension lecture; iii) memory; iv) interface; v) instructional design; and vi) attention and learning. That survey is characterized as having been applied using the following techniques: (1) bibliographic survey, (2) field survey and (3) analysis of the documents. It was chosen the semi-structured questionnaire as …the main method of data collection. About the interacting with artifacts, the interface of the courses is classified as direct engagement, because it allows the user to get the feeling that acts directly on the objects. Although the courses are well-structured they have flaws that will be discussed below. Even with these problems, the courses have a good degree of usability. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive Ergonomics, E-learning, Usability, Instructional Design and Comprehension Lecture

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0919-5684

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5684-5685, 2012

Authors: Castañon, J.A.B. | Maia, M.P.F. | Silva, M.C.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The concept of Ambient Intelligence consists of intuitive interfaces embedded in everyday objects that interact with the user and function in an integrated and discrete generating and transmitting information. This article has as objective to present applications that when focused on accessibility criteria, can contribute to the work of architects during the design of residential projects. In Brazil, pioneering projects are already being developed and the use of Ambient Intelligence systems are already widespread, both by private and public, however much care technologies developed in other countries.

Keywords: Ambient Intelligence, Home Automation, Accessibility

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0920-5686

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5686-5688, 2012

Authors: da Silva de Queiroz Pierre, Raisa | Kawada, Tarô Arthur Tavares | Fontes, André Guimarães

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Develop a proposal of digital interface for the system of the remote control, that functions as support system during the manipulation of air conditioner adjusted for the users in general, from ergonomic parameters, objectifying the reduction of the problems faced for the user and improving the process. Participants: 20 people with questionnaire with both qualitative and quantitative level. Linear Method consists of a sequence of steps in which the input of one of them depends on the output from the previous one, although they are independent. The process of feedback, when necessary, must occur within each step separately.

Keywords: Feedback, User, Remote Control, Usability

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0921-5689

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5689-5691, 2012

Authors: Irmak, A. | Bum$\dot{{\rm i}}$n, G. | Irmak, R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In direct proportion to current technological developments, both the computer usage in the workplaces is increased and requirement of leaving the desk for an office worker in order to photocopy a document, send or receive an e-mail is decreased. Therefore, office workers stay in the same postures accompanied by long periods of keyboard usage. In recent years, with intent to reduce the incidence of work related musculoskeletal disorders several exercise reminder software programs have been developed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the exercise reminder software program on office workers’ perceived pain level, work performance …and quality of life. 39 healthy office workers accepted to attend the study. Participants were randomly split in to two groups, control group (n = 19) and intervention group (n = 20). Visual Analogue Scale to evaluate the perceived pain was administered all of the participants in the beginning and at the end of the study. The intervention group used the program for 10 weeks. Findings showed that the control group VAS scores remained the same, but the intervention group VAS scores decreased in a statistically significant way (p < 0.01). Results support that such exercise reminder software programs may help to reduce perceived pain among office workers. Further long term studies with more subjects are needed to describe the effects of these programs and the mechanism under these effects. Show more

Keywords: musculoskeletal disorders, VAS, preventive training

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0922-5692

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5692-5695, 2012

Authors: Kong, Yong-Ku | Seo, Min-Tae | Kang, Hyun-Sung | Kim, Dae-Min

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Grip strength is affected by such as enslaving effect, force sharing effect, and force deficit effect relating to the interaction among fingers. The author attempts to analyze index finger strength according to grip span of adjacent middle finger. 6 male graduate students participated as subjects in this experiment. The grip span has been applied from 45mm to 60mm to investigate the effects of a coordination of grip spans on the index and middle finger strength. Results showed that index finger strength was the smallest in case of index finger grip span of 45mm. Index finger strength decreased as the middle …finger grip span. In general index finger strength shared a decreasing trend when the grip span of the middle finger increased. This study has an implication that the grip span of index and middle fingers influences force sharing effect on index finger. Show more

Keywords: Grip strength, Finger forces, MFFM system

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0923-5696

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5696-5698, 2012

Authors: Oliveira, A | Nogueira, H | Diniz, A | Barbieri, D

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the aircraft maintenance industry, most of workers performs manual handling tasks of different materials, varying from small objects up to large pieces of the aircraft. It can increase the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), which are strongly associated with high physical demands required by the task. Moreover, psychosocial demands are considered as risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in both the upper limbs and lumbar spine. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess psychosocial indicators among aircraft maintenance workers according to the presence of neck and shoulder musculoskeletal symptoms. Eighty workers of an aircraft maintenance company were …evaluated (32.69 ± 8.25 years, 79.8 ± 13.4 kg, 175 ± 7 cm). According to physical examination, 50 workers were classified as asymptomatic (AS – 4.1 ± 3.17 positive signs) whilst 30 workers were classified as symptomatic (SS – 26.72 ± 11.44 positive signs). AS and SS have shown similar profile of demand (p = 0.62), control (p = 0.66) and social support (p = 0.74) according to the Job Content Questionnaire. However, the groups are different when considering work engagement variables. In general, SS have higher scores than AS (p < 0.05). Show more

Keywords: Physical therapy, prevention, ergonomics, WRMD, aviation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1047-5699

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5699-5701, 2012

Authors: Sharan, Deepak | Ajeesh, PS | Rameshkumar, R | Jose, Jeena

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Workrelated musculoskeletal disorders among the IT professional is a common area of concern worldwide. This study was taken up to analyze the prevalence of risk factors, clinical features and outcome of treatment in onsite clinics in vaious information technology companies in India. Result revealed poor office ergonomics (54%), lack of keyboard tray (25%), lack of mouse tray (35%), lack of foot rest (60%), improper monitor height (80%) were the major self reported risk factors. Major identified MSD were Myofascial Pain Syndrome (49.20%), Thoracic outlet syndrome (25.02%), Fibromyalgia syndrome (8.5%). Majorly affected body regions were neck (64.9%), shoulder (42.1%), lower back …(56.5%) and thigh (34.2%). The results were comparable with the literature. Feedback of the participants also revealed most of the participants were well satisfied with SHARAN’s protocol. Show more

Keywords: “Work related musculoskeletal disorders”, “SHARAN’S®, Protocol”, “On-site employee health clinics”

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0924-5702

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5702-5704, 2012

Authors: Gustafsson, Ewa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of this report was to give ergonomic recommendations in order to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms/disorders among young people due to intensive texting on mobile phones. In a study of 56 Swedish young adults (19–25 years, 41 with musculoskeletal symptoms in neck and/or upper extremities and 15 without symptoms) registration of thumb movements with electrogoniometry, muscle activity with electromyography and observation of texting technique were conducted during texting on mobile phones. The results showed differences in physical load between the group with musculoskeletal symptoms and the group without symptoms. There were also found differences in muscle activity and kinematics between …different texting techniques. These differences could not be explained by the asymptomatic group having symptoms but may be a possible contribution to their symptoms. According to these results it can be recommended to support the forearms, to use both thumbs, to avoid sitting with the head bent forward and to avoid texting with high velocity in order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders when using mobile phones for texting. Show more

Keywords: Working technique, Thumb movements, Posture, Cell phone

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0925-5705

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5705-5706, 2012

Authors: Turpin-Legendre, Emmanuelle | Meyer, Jean-Pierre

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Repetitive gesture, Musculoskeletal disorders, Standardization

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0926-5707

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5707-5708, 2012

Authors: Antonelli, Bruna Angela | de Paula Xavier, Antonio Augusto | Oenning, Paulina | Baumer, Michel Henrique | da Silva, Tarcísio Fulgêncio Alves | Pilatti, Luiz Alberto

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Objective: To determine the incidence of cervicobrachial order discomforts in Elementary Public School teachers from 1st to 4th years in the city of Pato Branco - PR. Methods: Cross-sectional study made with 160 public school teachers from 1st to 4th years in the city of Pato Branco - PR. Data collection was made from a structured questionnaire, and a physical examination with manual palpation and orthopedic tests. Results: The obtained data showed the presence of pain in the trapezius muscle region, on the left side, in 52.5%; and, on the right side, in 50.6%. The analysis also showed that there …is a strong relationship between the cervicobrachial problems presented and the labor activity. The final evaluation of this study demonstrates the great need of primary care for these workers, that is, carrying out activities to prevent musculoskeletal diseases developed through work, either to preserve the individuals’ physical integrity or the quality of education. Conclusions: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was high among teachers. There is evidence that the prevalence was connected to job demands. Show more

Keywords: cervicobrachial problems, teachers, quality of life

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0927-5709

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5709-5714, 2012

Authors: Bitencourt, Rosimeire Sedrez | Ricardo, Maria Isabel

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This poster presents a study about the influence of gender related factors, age, body weight, time of service in the profession and practice of physical exercise on the prevalence of discomfort/pain complaints in dental professionals. The scope of this study was limited to 123 subjects, 84.24% of professionals in the public dental clinics, who answered the multidimensional analytical work questionnaire. The data suggest that the lack postural awareness can contribute to the maintenance of painful conditions and also the low commitment to self-care can perpetuate the state of musculoskeletal discomfort/pain, justifying the application of the ergonomics concepts in the workplace …and systematic guidance to professionals to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Show more

Keywords: ergonomics, musculoskeletal pain, postural awareness

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0928-5715

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5715-5717, 2012

Authors: Ericsson, Pernilla | Björklund, Martin | Wahlström, Jens

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to test the feasibility and sensitivity of the ergonomic exposure assessment tool Quick Exposure Check (QEC), a pilot-study was conducted. The aim was to test QEC in different occupational groups to compare the exposure in the most common work task with the exposure in the work task perceived as the most strenuous for the neck/shoulder region, and to test intra-observer reliability. One experienced ergonomist observed 23 workers. The mean observation time was 45 minutes, waiting time and time for complementary questions included. The exposure scores varied between the different occupational groups as well as between workers within the …occupational groups. Eighteen workers rated their most common work task as also being the most strenuous for the neck/shoulder region. For the remaining five workers, the mean exposure score were higher both for the neck and shoulder/arm in the most common work task. Intra-observer reliability shows agreement in 86% of the exposure interactions in the neck and in 71% in the shoulder/arm. QEC seems to fulfill the expectations of being a quick, sensible and practical exposure assessment tool that covers physical risk factors in the neck, upper extremities and low back. Show more

Keywords: exposure assessment, risk assessment, observations

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0929-5718

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5718-5720, 2012

Authors: Milani, Daniela | Monteiro, Maria Silvia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Those subjects whose employment has physical demands present more frequently musculoskeletal symptoms than others. The agricultural sector activities include tasks with important physical demands that may have a negative impact in the workers health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms and its association with work ability in agricultural machinery operators. It is a cross-sectional study. The participants (n = 204) answered a self-administered questionnaire on demographics, work and lifestyle characteristics, Work Ability Index and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptoms Questionnaire. The response rate was 89.78%. The mean age of the workers was 32.3 years, …and 47.1% of them reported musculoskeletal symptoms at least one body part over the past 12 months. Those subjects who presented work ability index <37 points, 87.5% reported some kind of musculoskeletal symptom. This study showed that the work ability was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) correlated to musculoskeletal symptoms presence. It is recommended that measures to promote and improve the work ability are designed and deployed based on musculoskeletal disorders prevention. Show more

Keywords: Occupational Health, Cross-sectional studies, Sugar-cane workers

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0930-5721

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5721-5724, 2012

Authors: Antunes, Evelise Dias | de Araújo, Célia Regina Alves | Abage, Zilda

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Millions of people work with computers every day. Human work provides a means of comfort and ease to perform the tasks, favoring incorrect postures. Among the employees of a telecom company, it appears that all make use of computer, remaining in a seated position leading in musculoskeletal symptoms. Method: This is a quantitative study, conducted in a telecom company in the city of Curitiba. Were interviewed 27 analysts who work in engineering department, who agreed to participate and receive guidelines regarding sitting posture. This study, consisted of a structured questionnaire and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire with musculoskeletal symptoms indicators. After …answering the questionnaire, the subjects were guided through the folder on correct posture and positioning front the computer. Results and final considerations: Of employees 74% were male, and 100% of the employees are the computer’s user, remaining in the sitting posture during working day. Concerning the break time, 74% reported that they frequently do it. Been the average working day is 8 hours. Regarding the frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms, 70% of employees reported some symptoms during the last 12 months but only one came to be sick leave. It is necessary to an analysis of the work situation, evaluating and correcting inadequacies of securities and the risks inherent in function, making prevention. Show more

Keywords: symptoms, musculoskeletal, prevention, work with computer

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0931-5725

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5725-5727, 2012

Authors: Coluci, Marina Zambon Orpinelli | Alexandre, Neusa Maria Costa | de Freitas Pedrini, Thais

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The study aimed to conduct a literature review as a step of the development of a new questionnaire about the nursing workers' perception of job factors that may lead to musculoskeletal symptoms. An information synthesis was achieved by collecting data from studies that fitted the search criteria. The results showed that despite the existence of several job factors related to musculoskeletal symptoms, no specific questionnaire that evaluates this relationship was found. Therefore, this literature review presents important topics for developing the first questionnaire to analyze work activities that may contribute to pain and discomfort among nursing personnel.

Keywords: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, job factors, nursing

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0932-5728

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5728-5730, 2012

Authors: Yung, Marcus | Wells, Richard

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Trends in industry are leaning towards jobs that are more stereotyped at lower workloads. Physical variation is a potential ergonomic intervention. However, little is known of physiological response to different kinds of variation. To investigate this issue, three kinds of isometric contraction patterns with the same mean amplitude, cycle time, and duty cycle were compared. Fatigue responses were measured by multiple biomechanical and physiological approaches. In exercise, sustained and intermittent contractions with zero force had a greater number of statistically significant differences in fatigue responses. Intermittent contractions with amplitude 1/2 and 1${1\over 2}$ of mean force had effects intermediate but …close to the sustained contraction. In recovery, sustained contractions led to decreased twitch forces 24 hours post-exercise whereas both intermittent contractions recovered within 60 minutes. This suggests that time varying forces, even without complete muscular rest, may be a useful intervention to reduce local and perceived fatigue in workers performing low-load tasks. Show more

Keywords: Physical variation, intermittent force, sedentary work, recovery, work physiology

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0933-5731

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5731-5733, 2012

Authors: Widanarko, Baiduri | Legg, Stephen | Devereux, Jason | Stevenson, Mark

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Although there is strong evidence that single physical, psychosocial and organisational risk factors are each independent predictors of low back symptoms (LBS), little is known about their combination/interaction, particularly in those working in developing countries. A total of 1294 Indonesian coal mining industry workers reported information about physical, psychosocial, and organisational factors using self-reported questionnaires and were placed into one of four combination exposure groups: 1) high physical (working with bent trunk; whole body vibration exposure; lifting) and high psychosocial (high effort; low reward; work stress), 2) high physical and low psychosocial, 3) low physical and high psychosocial, and 4) …low physical and low psychosocial (as the reference group). The odds of LBS in the high physical and high psychosocial group was 5.15 times (95% confidence interval 2.69-9.86) that of the reference group. Psychosocial factors played a more important role than physical factors in increasing the likelihood of reporting LBS. Permanent and night shift workers were more likely to report LBS. These findings imply that efforts to reduce LBS in this workplace should address both psychosocial and physical factors but psychosocial factors should be the priority, with a special focus on permanent and night shift workers. Show more

Keywords: musculoskeletal disorders, discomfort, back pain, blue-collar workers, coal mining

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0934-5734

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5734-5736, 2012

Authors: Schlossmacher, Roberta | Amaral, Fernando Gonçalves

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Objective: Identify the prevalence of low back disorders and associated risks, as well as the characteristics and ergonomic factors present in the work of nursing professionals. Methods: Systematic review based on the search of terms such as low back pain, professionals, hospital ergonomics, work organization, nursing found in national and international databases. Results: The prevalence of low back pain symptoms was between 14.7% and 72% and the main cause, that is, the transference of the patient from bed to chair, leaded to the profession abandonment as a main consequence. Conclusion: it was possible to conclude that the prevalence of low …back injury is high among nursing professionals and its causes are related to occupational factors – physical or psychological, which are in many cases permanent and disabling. Show more

Keywords: low back pain, ergonomics, hospitals, work, nursing

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0935-5737

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5737-5738, 2012

Authors: Turpin-Legendre, E. | Meyer, J.P.

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0936-5739

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5739-5740, 2012

Authors: Turpin-Legendre, Emmanuelle | Meyer, Jean-Pierre

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, Perceived fatigue, Limit value

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0937-5741

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5741-5742, 2012

Authors: Avila-Chaurand, R. | Prado-León, L.R. | González-Muñoz, E.L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study of 114 workers in the hydrocarbon industry was conducted to identify the relationship between stress and musculoskeletal discomfort, and to view the roles played by such factors as age, schooling, obesity, workplace and job seniority. All factors except seniority were found to affect the presence of musculoskeletal discomfort in some area of the body

Keywords: stress, musculoskeletal discomfort, hydrocarbon industry

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0938-5743

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5743-5745, 2012

Authors: Moreira, Helenara Salvati Bertolossi | Moreira, Mauricio Bertolossi | Vilagra, José Mohamud | Galvão, Isabele Maia | de Oliveira Júnior, Abel Santos | de Lima, Andrea Cristina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The Ergonomic Work Analysis reports that there are many activities performed by the professional caregivers and that they are exposed to physical and psychological overload. This situation favors the emergence of pain which influences the quality of life in the work place. In this way, the objective of this study was to verify the main postural constraints adopted by caregivers in public day cares. Visits were conducted in 28 day cares aiming at performing an interview to 126 caregivers who have been working for more than 4 years. From the questionnaire it was found that 80% of the participants refer …some sort of pain, being 42% in the trunk, 33% in the shoulder and 25% in the lower limbs. The data from OWAS method showed that from the total of 30 postures performed during the work One could see that the main postures adopted by the caregivers were: flexion, lateral inclination and rotation of the trunk and most of the time they are standing. These movements, when bad performed, can lead to injuries in the lower limbs, upper limbs and trunk. It's necessary more attention to these workers.Thought preventive ergonomic actions to reduce pain symptoms and promote a work in health and safety. Show more

Keywords: Ergonomic Work Analysis, Caregiver, Prevention

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0939-5746

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5746-5748, 2012

Authors: Zana, J-P | Meyer, J-P | Turpin-Legendre, E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The method of analysis of the physical workload is designed to help companies for : • Identify and analyze work situations involving heavy physical work such as manual handling, push / pull of loads, postures and physical effort, • assess the risks these situations generate, • focusing on prevention solutions. It is particularly suitable to the small and very small companies, and can be implemented by different people: occupational doctors, technical executives, staff representative, Host security, operators, $\ldots$

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1001-5749

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5749-5751, 2012

Authors: Maria, R. | Chagas, T. | Silva, V.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The managerial difficulties encountered by an Association of Recyclable Materials Collectors to organize and ensure the perpetuation of his work gave rise to this research. In order to overcome the difficulties encountered with regard to accounting, organizational and ergonomic work, we used a methodology capable of providing a greater interaction between researchers and collectors, facilitating the exchange of knowledge and the perpetuation of the techniques used. Improvements were seen in relation to screening, storage and organization of work.

Keywords: participation, solidarity economy, labor, income

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0080-5752

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5752-5753, 2012

Authors: Honda, Yuki | Hochi, Yasuyuki | Mizuno, Motoki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to show that how the abolishment of company sports team influenced the organizational commitment in employees. In this study, Three-Component Model of Organizational Commitment (Meyer and Allen, 1997) was tested with 16 employees (10 males, 6 females) of T Company in NAGANO prefecture. The average age of the participants was 44, 50 years (SD=±0.85). And from 16 employees, 3 male employees were measured on organizational commitment with interview test. According to the analysis, the relation between organizational commitment in employees and the abolishment of company sports team was not positive significant correlation. Furthermore, results …of interview test did not show the relation between organizational commitment in employees and the abolishment of company sports team. However, results of interview test showed the relation with organizational commitment of players in T Company sports team. Consequently, the goal to possess a sports team in T Company was not to boost organizational commitment in employees. In addition, it is necessary to reconsider the correlation among employees engaged in T Company in the future. Show more

Keywords: bubble economy collapse, interview test, abolishment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0940-5754

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5754-5755, 2012

Authors: Mizusawa, Takashi | Hochi, Yasuyuki | Mizuno, Motoki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between commitment of club activities and the vocational readiness among juniors at university. In this study, organizational commitment questionnaire (Mowday, 1979) and vocational readiness scale (Wakabayashi, Goto, and Shinkai, 1983) were tested with 178 (120 men, 58 women) juniors at one physical education university in the metropolitan area. According to correlation analysis, the relation between commitment of club activities and the vocational readiness was positive significant correlation (r = .303, p < .01). Moreover, we executed t-test. As the combined results, this study provided the following three conclusions; 1) Vocational …readiness score of students who belonged to the club were higher than that of other students. 2) Vocational readiness score of students who were committed to club activities were higher than that of students with low commitment to club activities. 3) Students who were committed to club activities tended to increase the score of vocational readiness. It was not able to be declared that there were positive influences of the club activities in university education from the viewpoint of vocational readiness acquisition. Therefore, it is necessary to consider what the club activities should be from the viewpoint of university student’s career education. Show more

Keywords: career development, job hunting, physical education university

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0941-5756

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 5756-5758, 2012