Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 8, issue 3-4

Authors: Vayssairat, M. | Priollet, P. | Baudot, N. | Portos, JL.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Nailfold Capillary Microscopy (NCM) affords direct in vivo visualization of cutaneous capillaries in man. The method is simple, cheap and non invasive, and permits quantitative and qualitative assessment of skin microcirculation. Auxiliary devices can also record red blood velocity, transcapillary diffusion, finger systolic pressure and local cooling. The most widespread routine use of NCM is for patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP). The main objectives of the method are: 1 – to recognize non primary RP early, 2 – to differentiate and classify connective tissue disorders, 3 – to study vascular pathogenic mechanisms, and 5 – to assess blindly objective improvement …of skin microcirculation in therapeutic trials. Show more

Keywords: Nailfold capillary microscopy, Raynaud’s phenomenon, skin microcirculation

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-411

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 353-358, 1988

Authors: Carpentier, P.C. | Benhamou, P.Y. | Franco, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Conjunctival capillary microscopy is a non-invasive method that visualize capillaries, venules and arterioles of the human bulbar conjunctiva. Conjunctival vessels may show morphological abnormalities : capillary and venular microanevrysms, venular enlargement and kinking. Although none of these findings alone is specific for any disease, scores have been built for early recognition of the diabetic microangiopathy and degenerative vascular disease. Grading red blood cell aggregation (R.B.C.A.) is possible in vivo. We found significant correlations (p < 0.001) of conjunctival R.B.C.A. with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (+), blood fibrinogen (+) and albumin (-). The two-dimensional organisation of conjunctival microvessels allows morphometric quantitation …of microvascular density and other structural parameters. This technic may be used for pharmacological purposes and has provided interesting insights in diabetic and hypertensive microangiopathies. Using by hand morphometry, we found a negative correlation between R.B.C.A. and capillary density, consistent with a negative influence of erythrocyte aggregation on capillary perfusion. Show more

Keywords: microcirculation, capillary, conjunctiva, erythrocyte aggregation, diabetes, morphometry

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-412

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 359-365, 1988

Authors: Boccalon, Henri

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The laser Doppler Flowmeter (LDF) is designed for the measurement of blood flow in superficial tissues. Many difficulties were so far encountered in such hemodynamic assessments. Doppler effect principle is used here. Microcirculatory geometry and hemodynamics do not allow the use of ultrasound velocimetry. A laser beam is thus used. All moving elements located in a half sphere of 1mm radius below skin surface are actively taken into account in the LDF signal. We used this technique for various purposes o Skin blood flow result reproductibility is 80 % and varies following environmental conditions. The factors leading to an increase …of skin blood flow are: heat, hyperventilation, aneasthesia, sympathectomy, vasoactive drugs. Those entailing flow decrease are cold, respiratory maneuvres, emotion, tobacco smoke, upright position, ischemic disorders. We set up a LDF / Raynaud protocole in order to forecast the efficiency of the medical treatment. LDF has become an easy method for the measurement of skin blood flow. Show more

Keywords: Laser Doppler Flowmeter, skin blood flow, blood flow reproductibility, Raynaud disease

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-413

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 367-377, 1988

Authors: Bollinger, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Three fluorescent tracers are currently used for study of human skin microcirculation: Na-fluorescein, Indocyanine green and FITC-dextran 150’000. The first dye is injected for evaluating microvascular flow distribution and transcapillary diffusion, which may be quantitated by videodensitometry. Indocyanine green couples to plasma proteins, does normally not leave the intravascular compartment like Na-fluorescein and depicts the whole capillary diameter including the plasma layer. Otherwise invisible lymphatic capillaries are visualized after subepidermal injection of minute amounts of FITC-dextran 150’000.

Keywords: microcirculation, transcapillary diffusion, Na-fluorescein, indocyanine green, FITC-dextran

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-414

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 379-383, 1988

Authors: Depairon, M. | Depresseux, J.C. | Zicot, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We study muscular blood flow (F), oxygen consumption (R) and oxygen extraction (E) in 6 patients suffering from severe unilateral intermittent claudication. We apply the bolus inhalation technique of C15 O2 and 15 O2 using detection by positron emission tomography. Tomograms are recorded at the greatest diameter of legs, at rest and after exercise (treadmill walk test). At rest, F, R and E are similar in normal legs and pathological legs. Ten minutes after exercise, F and R remain more elevated on pathological inferior limbs. E rises in normal and pathological legs. This elevation is only significant …on normal side. Our preliminary results show that during the recovery from a walk test, the remaining increase in oxygen uptake is proportional to the delayed hyperemia among the ischemic muscles with an oxygen extraction of the same order than in the resting condition. Show more

Keywords: Peripheral arteriopathy, Oxygen metabolism, Positron emission tomography

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-415

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 385-390, 1988

Authors: Delahaye, R. | Fabry, R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Patients suffering from peripheral obliterative arterial disease present very often abnormalities from their blood flow, especially from their erythrocyte velocity. A population of nineteen Fontaine’s II stage patients who did not suffer from diabetes or hypertensive pressure, received 800 mg/day of pentoxifylline for 10 days. Each patient, being his own reference, underwent a parameter study of the lipidic dynamic of his red blood cell membranes (erythrocyte ghosts) and, similarly, a conjunctival angioscopic examination, at the beginning and the end of treatment. This study shows that there is an important interrelationship between the modifications of the blood flow, observed by conjunctival …angioscopy, and the variations in microviscosity, obtained by fluorescence polarization, as well as those in activation energy flux, under the action of the pentoxifylline. Show more

Keywords: Microcirculation, Conjunctival angioscopy, Red cell deformability, Membrane fluidity, Pentoxifylline

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-416

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 391-398, 1988

Authors: Herrmann, K.S. | Kreuzer, H.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: With a contactless photochemical process, endothelial cells can be damaged and thrombogenesis is initiated in vivo. In this paper, we communicate the use of hemorheological parameters to determine formation, growth and stability of the thrombi and the effect of two drugs on some of these parameters. Blood cell velocity is monitored from the onset of the endothelial damage until the vessel is occluded by the thrombus. The resulting time/velocity curves allow to discerne three different phases of thrombus growth, an additional parameter seems to be useful to assess thrombus stability in vivo. In our model, naftidrofuryl, an antagonist of serotonin2 …receptors, is shown to have potent anti thrombotic properties in clinically relevant dosages. Show more

Keywords: Thrombosis, Animal, Naftidrofuryl, Acetylsalicylic-Acid, Cell velocity

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-417

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 399-405, 1988

Authors: Duchesne-Gueguen, M. | Durand, F. | Le Pogamp, P. | Garry, J. | Le Goff, M.-C. | Joyeux, V. | Chevet, D. | Genetet, B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Erythrocyte abnormalities are likely to play a role among the contributory factors to anaemia in patients with chronic renal failure, We therefore thought it of interest to study such patients’ hemorheological parameters and assess the influence of dialysis on those parameters, The present study was carried out on 71 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF): 12 non-dialysed patients (NO), 36 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD), 23 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and 40 controls, Blood samples were collected from HO patients before and after the dialysis session, and from CAPD patients at three different times: 1-Empty peritoneal cavity; …2-Two hours after infusion of an isotonic solution; 3-Two hours after infusion of a hypertonic solution, The parameters under study were erythrocyte filterability (Erythrometer, Hemorheometer), blood and plasma viscosities (LS 30), erythrocyte ATP, RBC morphology by scanning electron Microscopy, as well as hematological and biological parameters, The results revealed hemorheological disturbances in all patients as to erythrocyte filterability and plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity retaining undisturbed because of the decrease in hematocrit, It appears that treatment by dialysis improves the patients’ hemorheological parameters, especially in CAPD patients, There is no significant difference in hemorheological results of dialysed patients between before and after the hemodialysis session, nor between the various CAPD times, Dialysis treatment does not seem to amplify the hemorheological disturbances reported. Show more

Keywords: Hemorheological parameters, chronic renal failure, Dialysis treatment

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-418

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 407-414, 1988

Authors: N’Guyen, P. | Adjizian, J.C. | Toupance, O. | Jolly, D. | Brissart, A. | Petitfrere, E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of our study is to evaluate the influence of the type of anticoagulation (standard heparin versus LMWH K 2165 KABI) as well as the type of membrane used for hemodialysis on hemostatic and hemorheological parameters. We have tested 26 hemodialysed patients. While red blood cell deformability was markedly impaired in these patients, we have not find any effect of hemodialysis. Increase of plasmatic and whole blood viscosity were mainly due to hemoconcentration. No influence of the type of membrane was found. Low molecular weight heparin K 2165 could be used safely. The importance of hemostatic parameters and their …rheological consequences is stressed. Show more

Keywords: hemodialysis, low molecular weight heparin, erythrocytic populations, rheology, hemostasis

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-419

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 415-423, 1988

Authors: Hein, H.J. | Bauersachs, R.M. | Feinstein, E.I. | Meiselman, H.J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: 35 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing thrice weekly routine hemodialysis were compared to 37 age- and sex-matched controls for rheological abnormalities. The measurements using 40% red blood cell/ plasma suspensions included the extent, rate and strength of red blood cell aggregation via a computer controlled MYRENNE aggregometer and the viscous and elastic components of the complex viscosity in an OCRD viscometer; plasma viscosity, serum proteins and fibrinogen levels were also determined. The patients exhibited significant (p < 0.01 or better) differences in 1) plasma viscosity; 2) FSAR; 3) gamma-T-min; 4) red blood cell aggregation halftime; 5) elastic component of …complex viscosity at 10, 50 and 100/sec; 6) β -globulin; 7) fibrinogen. Conversely, neither the MYRENNE aggregation index nor the zeta sedimentation ratio differed from control values (p > 0.05). For the patients, several parameters demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) correlations with fibrinogen (e.g. FSAR, gamma-T-min, halftime of aggregation, elastic component of complex viscosity). These results suggest the possibility of disturbed microcirculatory flow in uremia. Show more

Keywords: hemorheology, chronic renal failure

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-420

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 425-431, 1988