Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 4, issue 5

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4509

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. I-III, 1984

Authors: Nordt, F.J. | Boss, N. | Korndoerfer, D. | Ruhenstroth-Bauer, G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Studies were carried out to determine the efficacy and validity of utili zing flow cytometric technics (Coulter principle) for quantitatively assessing the tendency for erythrocytes to aggregate in suspension. Dextran, a neutral polymer, was used at a variety of concentrations as a model aggregating agent. The results, expressed in terms of an aggregation value (AW), were found to correlate well with those obtained by low shear viscometric technics in which the relative apparent viscosity ratio, R, was previously shown to be a quantitative and reproducible index of cellular aggregation. These results, taken together with the recently shown correlation of the …AW with pathophysiological circulatory disorders such as coronary artery disease, as well as the simplicity of the methods described, provide a sound basis for utilizing flow cytometry in diagnostic screening programs. Show more

Keywords: flow cytometry, erythrocyte aggregation, dextran, blood rheology, cardiovascular diseases, viscometry

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4501

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 445-454, 1984

Authors: Juhan-Vague, I. | Driss, F. | Roul, C. | Darcet, Ph. | Aillaud, M.F. | Vague, Ph.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The red blood cells (RBC) of uncontrolled insulin dependent diabetics are poorly deformable and this abnormality is rapidly corrected at least partially by strict normoglycaemia. Its lipid component plays a major role in the RBC membrane fluidity. Therefore we have compared the RBC membrane content in cholesterol, phospholipid and various fatty acids of 19 uncontrolled insulin dependent diabetics before and after 24 hours of normoglycaemia induced by an artificial pancreas, and of 13 age matched controls. Diabetic RBC membranes contained significantly more cholesterol, less phospholipid, had higher cholesterol-phospholipid ratio, had lower relative content in unsaturated fatty acids (C 18:2 n-6 …; C 20:3 n-6 ; C 20:4 n-6) higher content in saturated fatty acids (C 16:0 ; C 18:0) than the normal ones. All these abnormalities were significantly corrected after 24 hours of insulin induced normoglycaemia. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocyte membrane, lipid bilayer, membrane fluidity, diabetes, insulin, artificial pancreas

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4502

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 455-459, 1984

Authors: O’Rear, Ed. A. | Udden, Mark M. | Farmer, John A. | McIntire, Larry V. | Lynch, Edward C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The erythrocytes from twenty prosthetic cardiac valve recipients were studied for cellular deform ability (P0 ) and levels of intracellular calcium. Deformability was measured by a filtration method and calcium content was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Erythrocyte rigidity and levels of calcium were significantly increased compared to control subjects (p < 0.01). Prosthetic valve patients were divided into two groups on the basis of clinically significant hemolysis (cellular morphology and values of hematocrit and serum lactate dehydrogenase). Valve recipients with evidence of significant hemolysis had more rigid erythrocytes and higher intracellular calcium levels than patients without signs of extensive …erythrocyte destruction. The deformability indicator P0 correlated closely with values of the patients’ serum lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.01), hematocrit (p < 0.00l) and erythrocyte intracellular calcium (p < 0.001). These data suggest a causal role for loss of cellular deformability and increased intracellular calcium in the shortened erythrocyte life span in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. Show more

Keywords: Red cell calcium, erythrocyte deform ability, heart valves

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4503

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 461-471, 1984

Authors: Udden, Mark M. | O’Rear, Ed A. | Kegel, Helen | McIntire, Larry V. | Lynch, Edward C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Erythrocyte deformability in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) was determined by nuclepore filtration of red cells. The mean value of the deformability parameter, P0 , which inversely correlates with deformability, was elevated for a group of 32 patients with CRF. Patients receiving chronic hemodialysis had less deformable red cells than patients undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. The mean value of calcium content of erythrocytes, determined by atomic adsorption spectrometry, was significantly greater than normal in a group of 18 patients who were studied. Calcium content was generally greater in red ce11s of patients treated with hemodialysis than those with …peritoneal dialysis. No correlation was found between either red ce11 deformability or calcium content with morphologic changes of erythrocytes, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration of red cells, or values of the patients’ serum urea nitrogen, calcium or creatinine. The anemia of CRF is characterized by decreased deformability of red cells associated with increased calcium content. Show more

Keywords: Renal failure, erythocyte deformability, red cell calcium

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4504

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 473-481, 1984

Authors: Powell, J.E. | Stuart, J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: An in vitro metabolic stress model has been developed to simulate the adverse rheological effect on erythrocyte deformability of regional ischaemia in patients with vascular disease. Exposure to the combination of acidosis (pH 6.9), hypoxia (pO2 2.0–2.7 kPa), and hyperosmolality (402 mmol/Kg) for 10 and 90 minutes caused a 50% and 99% decrease respectively in erythrocyte filtration through 5µm diameter pores (initial flow rate method). Erythrocytes from patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease were similarly affected to those from healthy individuals and the loss of filterability, which was reversible, was not prevented by 5 mmol/l oxpentifylline.

Keywords: Erythrocyte deformability, Rheology, Oxpentifylline, Atherosclerosis

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4505

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 483-491, 1984

Authors: Benner, K.-U. | Nordt, F.J.

Article Type: Abstract

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4506

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 493-493, 1984

Authors: Pasquini, G. | Morini, R. | Manescalchi, P.G. | Felici, G. | Albanese, B. | Bartoli, V.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The smallest amount of stiff red cells which impairs the filterability of a whole blood sample is unknown. In order to answer such a question, an investigation was carried out on whole blood and red cell suspensions in plasma (Hct 0.10). A different amount of stiff red cells was added to these samples. The cells were rigidified by keeping the blood in thermostat at 37°C for 24–32 hours. The amount of incubated blood added to native blood and erythrocyte suspension was 10%, 5%, and 2.5%, respectively. Blood viscosity, hematological parameters and erythrocyte filtration were influenced by different amounts of stiffened …red cells. When a blood sample containing 2.5 rigid cells per hundred was compared to a native blood sample, all hemorheological tests were unchanged except for erythrocyte filtration. This showed a significant delay in filtration times and a significant change of CFI. The filtering procedure appears to be the most sensitive test to reveal the presence of some stiff erythrocytes, but it is unable to show whether the delay in filtration rate is determined by a reduction of the flexibility of few, many, or all red cells in a blood sample. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocyte filterability, Blood viscosity, Hematocrit

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4507

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 495-503, 1984

Authors: Albanese, B. | Morini, R. | Pasquini, G. | Manescalchi, P.G. | Guidi, S. | Bartoli, V.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Blood from 30 leukemic patients, 20 anemic and 15 healthy subjects was studied to examine the effect of leukocytes and blast cells on blood viscosity and on filtration procedure. Buffy coat was removed in 24 blood samples from leukemic patients and in 15 from healthy subjects. Then the hematological and hemorheological tests were repeated. The mean levels of blood viscosity at shear rates 23 and 230 sec−l were not high in the 30 leukemic patients. Ten patients with hyperleukocytic leukemia had mean levels of blood viscosity not significantly higher than those of 20 anemic patients with similar cytocrit, no …abnormal plasma proteins, and leukocyte count in normal range. Moreover, the removal of buffy coat did not affect blood viscosity, when the cytocrit was kept constant. The findings point out that the large increase in blood viscosity is. an uncommon event in leukemia. In contrast, the results of the filtration procedure showed a severe impairment of blood filterability, due to both the high concentration of leukocytes and the presence of blast cells. The latter influences the test even if in a small amount. The importance of whole blood filtration findings is stressed for the early detection of tissue malperfusion in leukemia. Show more

Keywords: Blood viscosity, whole-blood filtration, leukocytes, leukemia

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4508

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 505-512, 1984