Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 5, issue 3

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5315

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1-3, 1985

Authors: Copley, A.L. | Witte, S.

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5301

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 187-188, 1985

Authors: Copley, Alfred L.

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5302

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 189-190, 1985

Authors: Dintenfass, L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Plasma proteins have a multiform effect on blood rheology and circulation. I. Plasma viscosity increases as the concentration or molecular weight of protein increases. When high molecular weight proteins are present, non-Newtonian rheology is evident. II. Rigidity/fluidity of the red cell is influenced by the ratio of the internal viscosity of the red cell to the viscosity of plasma; and may be affected by adsorption of proteins onto the red cell membrane. III. Aggregation of red cells greatly increases in the presence of paraproteins, and the morphology of aggregates may be affected by protein composition. IV. Viscosity of whole blood …is affected by proteins via the blood subphases; actual determination of blood viscosity can be affected by flow instability which is also related to the proteins present. V. Thrombus formation is affected by plasma proteins through interference with platelet aggregation and polymerization of fibrinogen. VI. Coating of blood vessels by proteins (especially fibrinogen/fibrin) might influence flow rate. VII. Control of hyperviscosity can be carried out by plasmapheresis, etc. Show more

Keywords: plasma viscosity, blood viscosity, rigidity of red cell, paraproteins, aggregation of red cells, flow instability, thrombus formation, fibrinogen/fibrin, hyperviscosity

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5303

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 191-206, 1985

Authors: Berling, C. | Lacombe, C. | Lelievre, J.C. | Quemada, D. | Mellotee, D. | Allary, M. | Fabre, G. | Saint Blancard, J. | Daveloose, D. | Leterrier, F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Rheological and morphological measurements are performed on blood stored in liquid state as packed cells in CPD anticoagulant solution. Rheological data are obtained from viscometric measurements and processed by means of Quemada’s model of blood viscometry. Morphological data are obtained from electron microscopy and by cells counting. A relationship between a parameter of Quemada’s law and rate of functional cells is established and experimentaly confirmed. As a result we show that viscometry is able to give precise information on the quality of stored blood.

Keywords: blood storage, viscometry, microscopy, rheological model

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5304

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 207-215, 1985

Authors: Berling, C. | Bucherer, C. | Lelièvre, J.C. | Lacombe, C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Red blood cells (RBC) deformability can be measured by a variety of methods of which bulk filtration through polycarbonate membranes is the most widely used. The aim of this paper is here to compare this last and viscometry on stored blood samples and on blood samples artificially modified by an echinocytic agent. (i) viscometric experiments are performed with a servo-controlled Couette apparatus with coaxial cylinders. Viscometric data are analysed by means of Quemada’s rheological model from which is obtained an index of deformability Dv . (ii) filtration measurements are made using an initial flow-rate gravity filtration instrument (Hanss’ …hemorheometer). The results are given in term of Hanss’ index Df . Indices of deformability Dv and Df are compared and interpreted according to morphological RBC changes controlled under microscope. We found: - No correlation between Df and Dv for stored blood. - An exponential correlation between Df and Dv when normal and artificially modified RBC are used. Show more

Keywords: viscometry, filtration, stored blood, echinocytes

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5305

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 217-223, 1985

Authors: Delamour, Lourdès | Testylier, Guy | Daveloose, Denis | Bitbol, Michel | Leterrier, François

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The orientation rate of flowing erythrocytes was studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy as a function of time on blood samples stored either in the classical anticoagulant solution CPD or in the new SAG resuspension medium. The maximum orientation rate decreases quickly and the critical shear rate increases strongly in CPD. These parameters are much more stable in SAG. These results indicate that the red blood cell deformability and rheological properties are well better preserved with the SAG storage procedure.

Keywords: Blood storage, RBC orientation, Spin labeling

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5306

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 225-230, 1985

Authors: Jaffrin, M.Y. | Malbrancq, J.M. | Vantard, G. | Martin, T. | Faure, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to investigate the parameters governing plasma separation by a microporous membrane, plasma filtration rates were measured in two single-channel filter press devices of 170 and 600 cm2 membrane area with adjustable blood film thickness. The filtration rate reaches a maximum at a mean transmembrane pressure of 70 to 100 mm Hg. The maximum filtration rate is very well correlated with the inlet wall shear rate γw as γw 0.76 . The maximum filtration rate is also found to decrease with increasing platelet concentration cp as ℓn (1/cp ). These observations are consistant with the assumption …that the plasma filtration rate is limited by platelet concentration polarization taking into account enhancement of platelet diffusivity by red blood cell motion. At low platelet concentrations the filtration rate decreases linearly with increasing hematocrit. The resulting model is used to predict the maximum filtration rates as a function of geometrical parameters of the filters. Show more

Keywords: Membrane plasmapheresis

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5307

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 231-240, 1985

Authors: Dintenfass, Leopold

Article Type: Editorial

Keywords: Red blood cell rigidity, hemorheology, blood filtration, blood viscosity, Taylor’s factor, plasma trapping factor

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5308

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 241-244, 1985

Authors: Driss, F. | Gueguen, M. | Delamaire, D. | Durand, F. | Darcet, Ph.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In alcoholic liver disease patients, characteristic changes in erythrocyte membrane lipid composition are reported. Membrane cholesterol and cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio are increased compared to controls. Distribution of palmitic acid (C16:0 saturated) and polyunsaturated linoleic (C18:2 n-6) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) in the membrane phospholipids is abnormal in alcoholic liver disease. Furthermore positive correlations between this abnormal fatty acid distribution and red cell filterability is found. We conclude that membrane filterability could be. influenced either by cholesterol content or the lenght and degree of unsaturation or its fatty acid composition.

Keywords: Alcoholic liver disease, Erythrocyte filterability, Erythrocyte fatty acids, Erythrocyte cholesterol

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5309

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 245-250, 1985

Authors: Gaillard, S. | Lotter, R. | Stoltz, J.F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Research has revealed that the rheological parameters undergo alterations during various pathological conditions. In this paper the authors present their rheological investigations during parodontopathic disorders. Two groups of patients were studied: – A group of 30 healthy control subjects. – A group of 33 subjects suffering from parodontopathy (gingivitis or parodontitis), but free from any general illness. The criteria for health or parodontal disease were assessed on the basis of two indexes: GI (gingival index, according to Loe and Silness) and PDI (periodontal disease index, according to Ranfjord). The results revealed: – A perceptible (but not significant) increase …in total proteins level in – the group of parodontopathic patients. – An increase in plasma viscosity, primarily in the subjects with gingivitis. – A significant increase in blood viscosity (+10%) at low shear rates (γ ˙ < s − 1 ) in all the subjects affected by parodontopathy. The connection between blood hyperviscosity and parodontal disease is discussed, both in relation to the inflammatory reaction and to the local nature of the parodontal disorder. A group of 30 healthy control subjects. A group of 33 subjects suffering from parodontopathy (gingivitis or parodontitis), but free from any general illness. The criteria for health or parodontal disease were assessed on the basis of two indexes: GI (gingival index, according to Loe and Silness) and PDI (periodontal disease index, according to Ranfjord). The results revealed: A perceptible (but not significant) increase in total proteins level in – the group of parodontopathic patients. An increase in plasma viscosity, primarily in the subjects with gingivitis. A significant increase in blood viscosity (+10%) at low shear rates (γ ˙ < s − 1 ) in all the subjects affected by parodontopathy. The connection between blood hyperviscosity and parodontal disease is discussed, both in relation to the inflammatory reaction and to the local nature of the parodontal disorder. Show more

Keywords: Blood viscosity, Parodontopathies, Local disorders

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5310

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 251-256, 1985

Authors: Ritchie, D.M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The filtration of dilute erythrocyte suspension over 5 micron polycarbonate filters was examined as a measure of erythrocyte deformability in 20 insulin requiring diabetic patients and related to glycaemic control as assessed by fasting whole blood glucose and HbAlc. Twelve patients were reassessed after a period of improved glycaemic control. No relationship was found between filterability and whole blood glucose and HbAlc but there was a highly significant relationship p < 0.001 between the calculated residual leucocyte count of the erythrocyte suspensi on and filterability. The change in erythrocyte suspension filterability following a period of improved diabetic control was also …dependent on the concentration of contaminating leucocytes present on each occasion p < 0.05, and bore no relationship to improvement in diabetic control. Gross alterations of the erythrocyte concentration did not affect this linear relationship between the leucocyte concentration and pressure generated on filtration in either a normal or a diabetic subject. In both normal and diabetic subjects the leucocyte appears to be the major determinant of filterability in this low pressure filtration system. Show more

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, erythrocyte deformability, diabetic control

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5311

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 257-268, 1985

Authors: Ernst, E. | Magyarosy, I. | Matrai, A.

Article Type: Short Communication

Keywords: hemorheology, circadian rhythm, hematocrit, plasma viscosity, red cell aggregation, red cell filterability

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5312

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 269-272, 1985

Authors: Inauen, W. | Stäubli, M. | Descoeudres, C. | Galeazzi, R.L. | Straub, P.W.

Article Type: Letter

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5313

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 273-274, 1985

Authors: Benner, Klaus-U | Nordt, Frank J.

Article Type: Abstract

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1985-5314

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 275-280, 1985