Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 17, issue 4

Authors: Stoltz, J.‐F.

Article Type: Other

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 233-233, 1997

Authors: Witte, Siegfried

Article Type: Other

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 235-249, 1997

Authors: Riha, P. | Stoltz, J.‐F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The application of principles of hemorheology on a process of blood coagulation was suggested by H.H. Hartert – inventor of the thromboelastograph which he introduced in 1947. These principles of applying of a mechanical force and detecting the response of coagulating blood enable to determine a functional evidence of the physiological process producing a hemostatic clot. The thromboelastography, as well as other rheological techniques used for this determination, are introduced evaluating the process in terms of the rate of coagulation, clot elasticity, deformability and permeability. Recent applications of the techniques to the diagnosis of disorders of hemostasis and the study …of drug effects on coagulation are presented as well. Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 251-259, 1997

Authors: Durussel, J.J. | Dufaux, J. | Laurent, A. | Penhouët, L. | Bailly, A.L. | Bonneau, M. | Merland, J.J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We compared blood viscosity and red blood cells (RBC) disaggregation shear stress in three mammalian species (humans, pigs and sheep) before and after adding water‐soluble iodinated contrast media (CM): Ioxaglate (ionic CM) and Iopromide (non ionic CM). The two CMs had a diluting effect on the blood of the three species, which resulted in a viscosity decrease at all shear rates. However, viscosity rose slightly at low shear rates (in relation to increase of RBC aggregation) and low CM concentrations (10%), regardless of the ionic or non ionic nature of the CM. The two CMs had a similar proaggregant effect …in human and pig’s bloods. The proaggregant effect was slightly more pronounced with the ionic CM. We concluded that the pig is more suitable than the sheep for in vivo assessment of blood/CM mixture. Show more

Keywords: Blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, contrast media, human, pig, sheep

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 261-269, 1997

Authors: Komatsu, R. | Tsushima, N. | Matsuyama, T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: It has been reported that some rheologic abnormalities are associated with diabetes. However, it is difficult to realize the condition of microcirculation in men. We developed an intra‐vital video‐microscopic system (IVVMS) to observe microcirculation directly on the bulbar conjunctiva. Using this system, we investigated the effect of intravenous glucagon administration on microcirculatory parameters such as the internal diameter of venules, flow velocity and flow volumes in diabetic patients. Blood viscosity and rheology factors were also examined before and after glucagon administration. The time required for erythrocytes to pass through pores of 5 \mu m diameter, as well as whole …blood viscosity were decreased significantly after glucagon administration. Flow volumes of venules were increased significantly by glucagon. Leukocyte counts, platelet counts and fibrinogen did not change after glucagon administration. However, plasma glucose, insulin, C‐peptide and cyclic‐AMP were increased. In conclusion, glucagon administration improved blood fluidity and modified the microcirculation in patients with diabetes mellitus. Show more

Keywords: Glucagon, insulin, microcirculation, hemorheology, blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, c‐AMP

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 271-277, 1997

Authors: Linderkamp, Otwin | Kiau, Ute | Ruef, Peter

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Membrane and whole red cell deformability are essential for effective blood flow, oxygen uptake and release. Whole cell deformability (rheoscope with shear stresses of 0.6–30 Pa) and membrane shear elastic modulus (flow channel) of red blood cells (RBC) were studied in appropriate and small for gestational age preterm infants (28–32 wk of gestation), in healthy full‐term neonates and in adults. No significant differences were found between the two groups of preterm infants. The preterm infants showed significantly increased RBC deformation in the rheoscope when compared to the full‐term neonates who, in turn, showed more RBC deformation than adults. Correspondingly, the …membrane shear elastic modulus (i.e., the resistance to elastic membrane deformation) was lower in the preterm infants than in the full‐term neonates and lower in full‐term infants than in adults. Thus, both whole cell and membrane deformability appear to be increased in preterm infants. Improved RBC deformability may aid in the maintenance of adequate blood circulation in preterm infants in spite of low vascular pressures. Show more

Keywords: Circulation, erythrocyte deformability, erythrocyte membrane, preterm infants, small‐for‐gestational age

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 279-283, 1997

Authors: Beritashvili, N. | Uchman, G. | Mchedlishvili, G. | Czernicky, Z.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Blood rheological properties were examined in patients before, during and after neurosurgical operations of arterial aneurisms, as well as in patients where no operation was carried out, and in healthy volunteers. Erythrocyte aggregability was quantified by using the “Georgian technique” and compared with other indices of blood rheological disorders. Prior to the operations the erythrocyte aggregability did not differ significantly in both healthy probands and neurosurgical patients. In the course of surgery the index increased gradually and became almost two times higher than before operation in the same patients. Evidence was obtained that this effect was accounted for the mannitol …administration, since in the control cases, without operations, its infusion into the circulation produced a comparable increase of the aggregability. Other indices of hemorheological disorders did manifest no regular and significant changes in the same patients. The enhanced erythrocyte aggregability might be a factor disturbing to a degree the blood rheological properties in cerebral microvessels of neurosurgical patients operated with mannitol. Show more

Keywords: Neurosurgical operations of arterial aneurisms, hemorheological disorders, effect of mannitol, erythrocyte aggregability, effect of mannitol, mannitol and hemorheological disorders

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 285-290, 1997

Authors: Dumas, D. | Gouin, F. | Viriot, M.‐L. | Stoltz, J.‐F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the present study, we investigate the effect of glutaraldehyde incorporation on the erythrocyte deformability, membrane fluidity and process of molecular oxygen diffusion. The erythrocyte deformability variations were inversely related with the glutaraldehyde concentration incorporated. The membrane fluidity, as assessed by a method based on the kinetics of pyrene dodecanoic acid excimers formation, decreased as the glutaraldehyde concentration increased. So, we verified that glutaraldehyde incorporation was accompanied by membrane rigidification. In the presence of glutaraldehyde, decreased absorption of hemoglobin heme group (420 nm) and decreased hemoglobin‐dependent quenching of pyrene butyric acid (PBA) fluorescence would result from hemoglobin polymerization. Using a …technique of fluorescence intensity quenching by molecular oxygen (accessibility to oxygen), we showed that oxygen diffusion was decreased in the presence of glutaraldehyde. To conclude, membrane rigidification induced by glutaraldehyde incorporation would affect oxygen molecular process. Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 291-297, 1997

Authors: Houbouyan, L.L. | Delamaire, M. | Beauchet, A. | Gentil, M. | Cauchois, G. | Taccoen, A. | Yvert, J.P. | Montredon, N. | Roudaut, M.F. | Zhao, S. | Goguel, A. | Potron, G. | Boisseau, M. | Stoltz, J.‐F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: There is a need for quality assurance procedures in hemorheology, especially for clinical and pharmacological studies, which require reliable and well‐calibrated instruments to be interpretable and comparable. Preliminary investigations allowed preparation of standardized SM (normal NS and hyperaggregable HS), and checking of storage conditions (in accordance with the guidelines of the SSC of ISTH) of RBC in nutritive SAG mannitol for at least 2 or 3 weeks with subsequent washings and resuspension in SM. In our study, we compared erythro‐aggregometers of the same brand in 6 laboratories, using the same red blood cells (RBC) and suspending media (SM) for each …series of tests. EA was measured by laser backscattering with determination of aggregation time (AT), partial dissociation threshold (PDT) and aggregation index (AI). Prior to the study, devices were set up on the same day with the same standardized blood, and calibration data were then analyzed. Within‐assay precision (WAP) was assessed on 3 days for the 2 types of SM (n=18\times2 ). Between‐assay precision (BAP) was assessed on 6 occasions, once every month (n=6\times2\times 6 ). Accuracy was studied with 3 series of RBC resuspended in 10 SM of “unknown” aggregability. Good agreement was observed between 5/6 centers for the 3 parameters of EA. WEP was good: CV of AT ranging from 1.4 to 2.5% for the NS and from 1.4 to 2.4% for the HS. In each center, BAP was slightly lower than WEP (CV: 8–11.8% for the NS and 3.8–4.7% for the HS over the 6‐month study), with no drift, except for one center. Precision was always better with the HS than with the NS which seemed a better tool to assess it. As to accuracy, non‐significant differences were generally found between centers, with similar data to the reference values. This work also stressed the importance of the RBC parameter itself in rheological data. For the first time, a protocol for standardization of EA has been developed and evaluated, permitting the Quality Control of this technique. Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 299-306, 1997

Authors: Lavalle, Ph. | Stoltz, J.‐F. | Senger, B. | Voegel, J.‐C. | Schaaf, P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Discoid red blood cells (RBCs) deposited irreversibly on a horizontal glass surface are studied by means of optical microscopy and image analysis. The relative surface covered by the RBCs, as well as the variance of this surface coverage as a function of the cell concentration, are analyzed and compared to the results derived from the ballistic deposition (BD) model. This model describes the irreversible deposition of spherical particles under the influence of an infinitely large gravitation force and does not allow for overlaps between adsorbed particles. In spite of these characteristics, the BD model permits, surprisingly, to reproduce our experimental …observations on the deposition of RBCs on a flat surface. This finding is dicussed, in particular in respect to a former study where a model was developed for colloidal particles of this particular geometric shape. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocytes, image processing, random deposition models

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 307-313, 1997

Authors: Liao, Fu‐long | Li, Bin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Shear‐induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) plays an important role in vascular diseases. In this study, SIPA was generated by a computerized cone‐plate apparatus. Six compounds from Chinese herbal medicine were selected for in vitro and in vivo tests. Rabbit and rat were involved in the tests accordingly. Ligustrazine hydrochloridi appeared to be most effective for inhibition of SIPA. The inhibition rate of SIPA reached 44.2% (p<0.01 ) for an in vitro concentration of 1 mg/ml, and 46.1% (p<0.01 ) for an in vivo dose of 50 mg/kg.

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 315-318, 1997

Authors: Singh, Megha | Kumaravel, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Aggregation of erythrocytes requires prolonged interaction of cellular and plasma constituents similar to in vivo conditions. To achieve this and then to analyse this process in various clinical and laboratory conditions, a PC‐AT based system is developed. The erythrocyte suspension at 5% hematocrit in plasma is placed in a glass chamber, and the changes in laser transmitted intensity due to movement of the aggregates and erythrocytes in the path of the beam are sequentially recorded. From these data, aggregate size index, aggregate sedimentation time index, time required for completion of process and total number of fluctuations are calculated. From these, …two additional parameters – effective number of cells and effective sedimentation duration – are calculated. The results show that in leprosy the aggregation of erythrocytes is reduced. In in vitro studies due to the cholesterol‐enrichment of the erythrocyte membrane and treatment with pentoxifylline the aggregation of cells is increased whereas in disprin treated cells this is reduced compared to that of normal erythrocytes. Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 319-324, 1997

Authors: Miao, H. | Xue, Q.F. | Hu, Q.H. | Zhang, H. | Wang, L.R. | Niimi, H. | Zhuang, F.Y.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In situ expression of ICAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 mRNA on the lung tissue of asthmatic rats was studied by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, respectively. The results showed that in normal rats ICAM‐1 expression was rare on the endothelium of pulmonary artery and vein, and on the bronchial and alveolar epithelium. The distribution of ICAM‐1 expression on the different part of lung tissue of asthmatic rats was similar to that of normal rats, but the level of ICAM‐1 expression was significantly increased on the endothelium of pulmonary artery (EPA) and vein (EPV), bronchial epithelium (BEP) and alveolar epithelium (AEP) compared …with those of normal and sensitized controls. The distribution and expression of ICAM‐1 mRNA on the different part of lung tissue of normal and asthmatic rats were similar to that of ICAM‐1 expression. In asthmatic rats, the expression of ICAM‐1 mRNA on AEP and EPV was increased significantly compared with those of normal and sensitized controls. It is concluded that the increase of ICAM‐1 expression on endothelium of pulmonary vessels, epithelium of broncheoli and alveoli may play an important role of inflammatory cell infiltration in asthmatic rats, and the increased expression of ICAM‐1 in asthmatic rats was caused by the increase of expression of ICAM‐1 mRNA. Show more

Keywords: ICAM‐1, ICAM‐1 mRNA, asthma, rat

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 325-331, 1997

Authors: Rasia, R.J. | Valverde, J.R. | Gentils, M. | Cauchois, C. | Stoltz, J.‐F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Energy evolved from hemagglutination reaction or spent in dissociating erythrocyte agglutinates has been proved to be an excellent parameter for analyzing cell–cell interactions mediated by bridging molecules such as antibodies or lectins. We developed a new rheo‐optical method to estimate the energy of dissociation of red blood cell agglutinates. In a Couette shear field agglutinates can be dissociated until a suspension of monodispersed cells is obtained. Intensity of light backscattered by suspended agglutinates increases during their mechanical dissociation. Variation of backscattered light intensity correlates with the energy spent in the process. The adhesive energy of erythrocyte agglutination induced by lectins …has been estimated by applying this method. Two specific lectins (Dolichus Biflorus agglutinin and Ulex Europaeus agglutinin) and a new lectin obtained from Amarantus Cruentus seeds which specificity is unknown were studied. Results obtained in this work for Dolichus Biflorus lectin are comparable with values published by other authors. An asymptotic decrease of adhesive energy was observed when the mechanical dissociation was applied several times on the same sample. Our results suggest that the cell detachment is accompanied by the extraction of membrane receptors. This finding is consistent with results obtained by other authors. Show more

Keywords: Agglutinate, lectin, dissociation, energy, blood group

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 333-340, 1997

Authors: Riha, P. | Liao, F. | Stoltz, J.‐F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The coagulation of whole blood resulting a blood clot is initiated in vitro for studying the effect of rouleaux formation on the kinetics of coagulation and clot formation. The clot formation is monitored in the rotational viscosimeter and in the erythroaggregometer using a light backscattered technique. The intensity of flow as well as hematocrit were changed in a way to determine a tendency in the effect of rouleaux size on the rate of coagulation. The results indicate that the clot formation is promoted when size of rouleaux is small at higher shear rates and low hematocrit in comparison with the …coagulation at low shear rates and high hematocrit when the size of rouleaux is increased. Show more

Keywords: Blood coagulation, erythrocytes, hematocrit, flow intensity

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 341-346, 1997

Article Type: Other

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 347-347, 1997