Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 16, issue 3

Authors: Uberos, J. | Muñoz, A. | Molina, A. | Valenzuela, A. | Ruiz, C. | Narbona, E. | Molina Font, J.A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The physiological weight loss in the newborn has been related to the elimination and the low ingestion of liquids in the first days oflife. The degree of weight loss, generally less than 10% of the birth weight, is related to the resolution in higher or lesser degree of neonatal edema and an adequate administration of liquids to the newborn. The following study was done to test the hypothesis that the physiological weight loss in the newborn could be related to homeostatic situations before delivery, which would determine the fluid balance in the first few days of life. We analyzed the …relationship between plasma viscosity and blood density of cord blood with weight loss in the first 48 hours of life. Twenty-six healthy newborns of gestational ages between 259 and 296 days (278 ± 8, mean ± SD) were studied. The following parameters were determined in the umbilical artery and vein: haematocrit, blood density, plasma viscosity and osmolality. Blood gas parameters were determined using a blood gas analyzer. We determined the weight of the newborn at birth and after 48 hours. We did not find significant differences between the arterial and venous blood densities, with a density in the umbilical artery of 1.05 ± 0.01 g/ml and 1.06 ± 0.03 g/ml in the umbilical vein. The weight loss in the first 48 hours in the newborn was 151 ± 80.8 g, with a birth weight of 3325 ± 414 g. Our results suggest that decrease of body liquid volume in the fetus is accompanied by an increase in plasma viscosity which could produce a decrease of the neonatal diuresis with less physiological weight loss in the newborn after delivery. This event is related to a decrease offetal plasma bicarbonate. Show more

Keywords: Blood density, Umbilical cord, Newborn, Plasma viscosity, Blood rheology, Weight

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1996-16301

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 229-234, 1996

Authors: Vayá, Amparo | Martínez, Marcial | Labios, Manuel | Guiral, Victoria | Llopis, Ines | Aznar, Justo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In 150 healthy offspring (70 male and 80 female) of hypertensive individuals (I-II OMS degree), the hemorheological profile was determined: Whole blood filterability (WBF), rigidity index (RI), erythrocyte aggregation (EA), blood viscosity (BV), plasma viscosity (PV), fibrinogen (Fbg), hematocrit (Ht) and leucocyte count (Leuc). The control group was made up of an equal number of healthy well matched individuals with normotensive parents. A significant increase in the Fbg level with respect to the control group was found both in male (265 ± 47 mg/dl vs 240 ± 44 mg/dl; p<0.01) and female offspring (277 ± 56 vs 260 ± 50 …mg/dl; p<0.05)). In addition, only the female offspring showed a higher leuiocyte count than the gcontrol group (7.03 ± 1.8 x 109 /l vs 6.51 ± 0.3 x 109 /l; p<0.05). No other hemorheological alterations were found. These results suggest that the offspring of people with essential hypertension (WHO I-II degree) show an increase in fibrinogen level as well as leucocyte count, which could constitute an indicator of the risk of developing arterial hypertension or its complications. Show more

Keywords: Hemorheology, hypertension, familiarity

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1996-16302

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 235-243, 1996

Authors: Battistelli, S. | Gori, S. | Righi, G.A. | Borgogni, T. | Manasse, G. | Guerrini, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Endothelin is a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide. Its plasma levels fluctuate in relation to a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It has been reported that in hemiplegic patients blood pressure may be increased or decreased in the plegic ann according to the tone, spastic or flaccid, respectively, of the ann. To elucidate the pathophysiological significance of endothelin in hemiplegia blood pressure alterations, we measured the plasma endothelin levels of twelve elderly patients, both in the plegic and unaffected arm. Seven of them were affeted by spastic and five of them by flaccid hemiplegia, based on haemorrhagic or ischemic stroke. …Plasma endothelin concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the plegic arms (4.84 ± 1.66 pg/ml) than in the unaffected ones (4.48 ± 1.67 pg/ml) of patients independent of the spastic or flaccid tone. The increased level of plasma endothelin in the plegic arm suggests that endothelin does not take part in the hemiplegia blood pressure alterations. Endothelin could nevertheless be involved in the regulation of the vessel wall tension and may operate in blood volume homeostasis by mantaining the strict relationship between the venous wall and the intravascular volume. Show more

Keywords: Endothelin, Hemiplegia, Cerebrovascular disorders

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1996-16303

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 245-248, 1996

Authors: Hojjkes, Heinz-Gert | Dehn, Ralf | Saeger-Lorenz, Katrin | Franke, Astrid | Landgraf, Helmut | Ehrly, Albrecht M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: It was the aim of the study to characterize the effects of normovolemic and hypervolemic hemodilution on the muscle pO2 in the tibialis anterior muscle of patients suffering from chronic arterial occlusive disease (stage IIb according to the Fontaine classification) with a pain-free walking distance below 100 m. To compare various Hct levels (ranging from 30% to 50%), normovolemic and hypervolemic hemodilution was performed either by subsequent withdrawal of whole blood and substitution with hydroxyethylstarch solution (200/0,5) or only by infusion of the same plasmaexpander. At rest, muscle pO2 readings obtained by a polarographic method (micro-pt-needle electrodes) indicated …clearly an impaired oxygen supply as compared to age-matched elderly volunteers. At the extreme ends of hematocrit in this study (Hct 33.75% and Hct 50.60%) muscle pO2 was significantly decreased as compared to Hct ranging from 38,57% to 45,38%. After a standardized pedal-ergometric exercise test a significant increase of muscle pO2 (2α<0,005) was found at Hct 40%–42%. Comparing normovolemic and hypervolemic hemodilution, hypervolemia at Hct 40%–42% did not improve muscle pO2 values after the pedalergometric exercise test. The data indicate, that normovolemic hemodilution towards the lower normal range (Hct 40% - 42%) can indeed improve muscle pO2 after pedalergometric exercise test in patients with severe intermittent claudication and concomitant increased Hct (Hct > 45%), whereas hypervolemic hemodilution showed no increase of muscle pO2 . Thus, normovolemic hemodilution should be the preferred hemodilution regimen in patients suffering from intermittent claudication. Show more

Keywords: Muscle tissue pO$_{2}$, Normovolemiclhemodilution, Hypervolemic hemodilution, Optimal hematocrit, Intermittent claudication

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1996-16304

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 249-265, 1996

Authors: Miao, Ge | Chuanmin, Zhang | Dapeng, Yue | Guoyong, Qiu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, an analytical comparison is made between the normal values of 1372 determinations of whole blood viscosity (230s−1 ) from healthy female and five geographical factors in China's 23 areas. It is found that altitude is the main factor affecting the normal values of whole blood viscosity (230s−1 ). As altitude increases, the normal value of women whole blood viscosity also increases gradually. Applying the method of mathematical regression analysis, five formulas of univariate regression equations and a formula of multivariate regression equation are given. If geographical index values of altitude (X1 ), latitude (X2 ), relative humidity …(X3 ), annual average temperature(X4 ), annual precipitation (X5 ) in some place are known, the normal value of women whole blood viscosity (230s−1 ) in this area can be assessed according to the multivariate regression equation, Ŷ = 8.49 + 0.000424X1 - 0.0559X2 - 0.00684X3 + 0.0151X4 - 0.00116X5 ± 0.58. Show more

Keywords: Normal Value of Whole Blood Viscosity (230s$^{-1}$), Geographical Factors, Altitude, Regression Equation

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1996-16305

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 267-269, 1996

Authors: Erdinyler, D.S. | Karakoy, Y. | Toplan, S. | Onen, S. | Sukyasyan, A. | Beger, T. | Demiroğlu, Ç.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study, we investigated the effect of ginkgoglycoside in two different doses (19.2 mg/day and 28.8 mg/day) on blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability in 27 patients suffering from cerebrovascular insufficiency. The patients were divided into two groups randomly consisting of 13 and 14 patients respectively. Both groups received 28.8 mg/day ginkgoglycoside between the 1st and 15th day. The first group received the same dose until the end of the 30th day, whereas the dose administrated to the second group was reduced to 19.2 mg/day. In the first group, during 30 days a significant decrease in blood viscosity and a …significant increase in erythrocyte deformability were observed. In the second group on the other hand, after dose reduction, the effect of the drug on blood viscosity and erythrocyte deform ability were diminished. Improvement of symptoms including vertigo, tinnutus, headache and forgetfulness in the first group was found to be significantly different from the 2nd group at day 30 in a dose dependent manner. Show more

Keywords: Ginkgo Biloba glycoside, Blood viscosity, Erythrocyte deformability

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1996-16306

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 271-276, 1996

Authors: Mira, Yolanda | Vaya, Amparo | Martinez, Marcial | Solves, Pilar | Aznar, Justo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We studied 25 patients with DVT in basal conditions and after 24 h of treatment with unfractionated heparin (UFH) to discover the possible effect of therapeutic doses of this drug on hemorheological parameters in these patients. The parameters studied are: erythrocyte aggregation (EA) at stasis (EA○ ) and a low shear rate (EA1 ), blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen and activated partial thromboplastin time. The results show that UFH significantly improves EA○ and EA1 , from 4.87 and 9.73 without heparin to 3.53 and 8.70 with heparin respectively. The other hemorheological characteristics are not significantly modified. We conclude that …UFH at therapeutic doses seems to improve erythrocyte aggregability regardless of the plasma level of fibrinogen. This suggests a possible direct effect of UFH on EA. Show more

Keywords: deep vein thrombosis, unfractionated heparin, hemorheology

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1996-16307

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 277-284, 1996

Authors: Kollegger, H. | Oberndorfer, S. | Oder, W. | Deecke, L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Viscoelastic parameters were measured in whole blQod of 19 multiple sclerosis patients (all of whom exhibited spastic paraparesis from chronic progressive disease course) and compared to age- and gender-matched control values of healthy subjects using an oscillatory capillary rheometer. At shear rates of 10 and 50 s−1 elasticity of multiple sclerosis patients was found to be significantly increased whereas filtration index, shear resistance and aggregation index of erythrocytes were equal in patients and control subjects. No differences were found when viscoelastic parameters of young (28–50 years) were compared to those of elderly (51–65 years) patients. Male patients showed …higher elasticity values at a shear rate of 10 s−1 than female patients. Severely impaired multiple sclerosis patients (EIS score 7–8) showed higher elasticity values at a shear rate of 50 s−1 than patients with less neurological impairment (EIS score 4–6). Our results indicate that elastic parameters are increased in whole blood of multiple sclerosis patients in comparison to controls, especially at low shear rates, even more so in male patients and in patients with severe neurological impairment. It is concluded that a subgroup of multiple sclerosis patients might be at risk for thromboembolic complications and might benefit from hemodilution therapy or the application of drugs inhibiting platelet aggregation. Show more

Keywords: whole blood viscoelasticity, multiple sclerosis

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1996-16308

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 285-290, 1996

Authors: Zong-yao, Wen | Tie, Gao | Weiyuan, Ma

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The effects of albumin on orientation and deformation for RBCs in a shear flow field of low viscosity have been studied with a new Ektacytometry proposed by ourselves. The results show that orientation index (DI)or for blood sample of albumin concentration <0.04g/L quickly increase with the albumin concentration and (DI)or , for blood sample of albumin concentration of 0.04g/L reach maximum value while (DI)or for blood sample of albumin concentration >0.5g/L intend to a stable value. From rheological point of view, abovementioned results were explained. Based on this, the optimum albumin concentration for studying nucrorheology of RBC was …selected. The results also show that (DI)or just depends on the deformability and the morphology ofRBC and it doesn't correlate with the lipid fluidity of RBC membrnae, and that the new Ektacytometry is better than traditional Ektacytometry in studying microrheology of RBC membrane. Show more

Keywords: Albumin, orientation of erythrocyte, shear flow field oflow viscosity

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1996-16309

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 291-301, 1996

Authors: Khodabandehlou, T. | Le Dévéhat, C. | Razavian, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Two aspects regarding to the functional capacity of fibrinogen for aggregating the red cells were studied in both healthy volunteers and diabetic patients. The first one concerns the activation of the plasminogen that is present in the plasma, thereby involving the susceptibility of the plasma fibrinogen to degradation and ultimatly influencing the red cell aggregation characteristics. The second aspect concerns the quality of fibrinogen and its functional capacity for aggregating red cells. This later is carried-out on isolated and purified fibrinogen from plasma. Experiments made by activating the plasminogen suggest that fibrinogen is less degraded in the plasma of diabetic …patients. On the other hand, fibrinogen when isolated from plasma samples of diabetics, is found to be distinct from those obtained from healthy volunteers by its aggregative effects. Show more

Keywords: Fibrinogen, plasminogen activating, red cell aggregation, diabetes

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1996-16310

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 303-312, 1996