Work - Volume 76, issue 4

Authors: Hameed, Rizwana | Rehaman, Nabeel | Shoaib, Muhammad | Ibtsam, Muhammad

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The realization of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has opened up new horizons for economic development along with threats to climate change in Pakistan. It has intended to change the social and corporate landscape, which necessitates investigation regarding corporate green HRM practices and employee behaviors of the firms involved. OBJECTIVE: This study developed a theoretical framework and investigated the mediating impact of pro-environmental psychological climate (PEPC) between green human resource management (GHRM) and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) of the employees working under CPEC in Pakistan. Therefore, the core intent lies in recognizing those aspects of manipulating the pro-environmental …behavior of the employees of the firms involved. METHODS: Based on the simple random sampling technique, data was collected from 388 employees using a quantitative approach. SmartPLS was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The findings suggest that GHRM practices have an impact on organizations’ pro-environmental psychological climate and employees’ pro-environmental behavior. Furthermore, the pro-environmental psychological climate encourages employees to engage in environmentally friendly behaviors within Pakistani organizations working under CPEC. CONCLUSION: GHRM has proved to be a vital instrument for attaining organizational sustainability and pro-environmental behavior. The original study results are particularly valuable for employees of the firms working under CPEC as they motivate them to engage in more sustainability solutions. The study findings add to the body of GHRM practices and strategic management, and thus policymakers can better postulate, align, and exercise GHRM practices. Show more

Keywords: Pro-environmental psychological climate, China-Pakistan economic corridor, sustainability, environmental management

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211442

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1373-1384, 2023

Authors: Ghanbari, Zahra | Nami, Mohammad | Choobineh, Alireza | Zakerian, Seyed Abolfazl | Gharagozlou, Faramarz | Kamali, Ali-Mohammad | Kazemiha, Milad

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human emotions vary on a contextual basis. The significance of emotions becomes even more salient in Control Room Operators (CROs) in power plants. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of emotionally loaded pictures on over/underestimating neutral situations. METHODS: Twenty CROs voluntarily enrolled in the present study. Twenty-one blocks were considered, including ten emotionally loaded and 11 neutral blocks. The stimuli were alternatively submitted to subjects in random order. Each block comprised 13 images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), which were shown for 5 seconds. Subjects were required to complete the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) …after exposure to the first and the last neutral blocks, which were identical. RESULTS: Our analyses showed significant differences between IAPS arousal and SAM1 and SAM2 arousal ratings (p SAM1&IAPS = 0.00, p SAM2&IAPS = 0.02). There was no significant relationship between the first and the second arousals, and emotionally loaded images corresponded to no significant difference in terms of valence. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that the participants overestimated neutral situations compared with IAPS only in arousal level. Furthermore, CROs can still retain their ability to assess neutral situations in the case of viewing emotional stimuli, especially in valence level, at least half an hour after the first rating. A study design with pure negative/positive and high arousal levels may still provide even more significant results. Show more

Keywords: Emotion, performance, IAPS, SAM, CROs

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220162

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1385-1394, 2023

Authors: Idrees, Ayesha | Kashif, Muhammad | Kompal, Rabab | Umar, Aneela | Nadeem, Iqra | Fatima, Raees

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Street sweepers are reported to suffer from high rates of work-related musculoskeletal discomfort worldwide, especially in their wrists. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to 1) determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and 2) specifically determine the prevalence of wrist flexor tendonitis and its associated risk factors among street sweepers. METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-five sweepers employed by the Faisalabad Waste Management Company (FWMC) participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data: the first section provided demographic information, the second assessed musculoskeletal disorders, and the third section assessed the wrist flexor tendonitis …among street sweepers. RESULTS: The mean age of the sweepers was 38.34 years. Out of 385 street sweepers, the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort was reported in 265 (68.83%). The prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort in sweepers reported during COVID-19 according to the past 12 months, the highest three prevalence rates were 46.5% in the wrists/hands, 37.9% in the shoulders and 35.1% in the lower back. The three highest prevalence rates of musculoskeletal discomfort in sweepers according to the last 7 days were 29.6% in the wrists/hands, 24.4% in the lower back and 24.2% in the shoulders. Out of total 385 participants, prevalence of wrist flexor tendonitis was reported in 103 (26.8%) sweepers. Significant association was found (p  < 0.05) between wrist flexor tendonitis and gender (p  < 0.003), age (p  < 0.05), working experience (p  < 0.003), street sweeping distance (p  < 0.01), number of brooms used per month (p  < 0.002) and getting tired at the end of work (p  < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort and wrist flexor tendonitis seen during COVID-19 is high among sweepers, with wrist/hand being the most commonly reported region for pain. This study emphasizes the importance of providing guidelines about effective precautionary healthcare measures for street sweepers. Show more

Keywords: Prevalence, musculoskeletal pain, occupational, risk factors, Faisalabad

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220253

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1395-1405, 2023

Authors: Selander, John | Wall, Erika

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: People with disabilities are employed at lower rates than non-disabled individuals and, among people with disabilities, those with intellectual disabilities have most difficulty finding and keeping employment. The reasons for the low labour participation among people with intellectual disabilities are many. Sport participation has a number of positive effects for the individual, and it is reasonable to hypothesise that sport participation favours labour-force participation for individuals with intellectual disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The dual aim of the current study was to investigate labour market participation among Swedish athletes with intellectual disabilities attending Special Olympics Invitational Games, and to investigate …these athletes’ experiences regarding the effect of sport participation on finding and keeping a job. METHOD: The study design includes two parallel data collections, a survey and an interview study. The survey was analysed using descriptive statistics and the interviews were analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: The major result of the survey was the large number of individuals with intellectual disabilities who were in work: among men, 72% and, among women, 44%. This result was encouraging and differs from previous statistics on employment among Swedes with intellectual disabilities. The content analysis resulted in a first step in the categories manual work , individual sports and team sports , and in a second step, where the relation between sports and work was analysed, in two categories, namely indirect and direct relations between sport and work . CONCLUSION: To improve chances for individuals with intellectual disabilities to find and keep a job, sports participation should be encouraged. Show more

Keywords: Sports, interview, surveys and questionnaires

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220330

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1407-1417, 2023

Authors: Bourquin, Céline | Orsini, Sandy | Stiefel, Friedrich

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physicians’ narratives are means to approach and comprehend the practice of medicine, and physicians’ embedment in their work and the healthcare context. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore physicians’ professional experiences and to examine how they are affected by factors related to their inner (psychological) and outer (institutional and social) worlds. METHODS: The study was designed as an exploratory qualitative study based on “narrative facilitators” (NF). Their goal is to encourage storytelling and to support the narrative process. The analytic approach was specific for each NF. RESULTS: Thirty-three physicians participated in the study. …The findings showed a focus on the transformations of a profession, the need for physicians to adapt in terms of role and status, and their withstanding of conflicting projections from the public and patients (NF: press articles). The institutional context was described as not welcoming and impersonal (NF: photo-based story). When reacting to the quotes from their peers, participants showed a variety of un-patterned stances with respect to different aspects of medicine and the medical profession, illustrating heterogeneity with regard to professional attitudes and identities (NF: quotes from biographies/narrative accounts). Finally, findings also indicated that physicians often limited their narratives to a description of the materiality of the elements put into play (NF: blurred video sequences). CONCLUSION: Disenchanted physicians are not beneficial, neither for the patient nor for the health care system, and their feeling of being worn out may do harm and negatively affect themselves and their families. Show more

Keywords: Physicians, stories, medicine, narrative inquiry

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220343

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1419-1427, 2023

Authors: Mohammad-Ghasemi, Mostafa | Dehghani-Bidgoli, Sedighe | Ahmadi, Thelma | Nikbakht, Neda | Heidarifar, Shima | Sadeghi-Yarandi, Mohsen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational noise exposure is a significant health problem. In addition to hearing impairments, noise as a stressor may cause cardiovascular problems. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to workplace noise on cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted in 2021 in a power plant in Iran. In this study, the health status of 406 employees in both exposed (n  = 203) and non-exposed (n  = 203) to noise groups was examined for cardiovascular disease risk factors. Also, the trend of changes in the studied variables from 2012 to 2020 in …exposed employees was examined. Data were collected from participants’ annual physical examinations and occupational noise exposure measurements. To measure the noise in the present study, the KIMO-DB300 noise level meter was used. Data were analyzed in SPSS-26 software. RESULTS: The results revealed that mean fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride, liver enzyme (SGOT), blood pressure, and body mass index were significantly different in the two groups (p -value<0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean of creatinine, cholesterol, and liver enzyme (SGPT) between the two groups (p -value>0.05). In the exposed group, the mean of all studied variables except diastolic blood pressure was statistically different during the study years (p -value<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that exposure to noise above the permissible level can affect the cardiovascular disease risk factors, so it is recommended to apply engineering and management measures like using Hearing Conservation Programme (HCP) to reduce the risk of these diseases with periodically assessing the health status of employees and timely diagnosis. Show more

Keywords: Occupational exposure, physical agents, occupational disease, blood pressure, heart rate

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220396

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1429-1440, 2023

Authors: Alacahan, Ömer Faruk | Güllüoğlu, Arif Nihat | Karagöz, Naim

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Prehospital emergency health services ambulance workers are in the risky class in terms of occupational health and safety, and they are faced with more risks due to the fact that they are the first responders to the events, especially regarding COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to determine the occupational risk perceptions of health care workers and their relations with demographic variables. METHODS: A literature review was performed to develop a questionnaire. This questionnaire was used in a survey with 250 respondents. The collected data was analysed through factor analysis. Cronbach’s Alpha …was calculated to verify the reliability of the data. RESULTS: The risk perceptions of the employees (Factor 1 and Factor 3) differ significantly according to gender. Another important point is that 60.3% of the participants stated that they “agree” with the statement that health workers “experience violence” during work. CONCLUSION: The risk perception of women was found to be higher, and the reason for this is that women are less physically strong than men along with social gender roles and gender discrimination. Show more

Keywords: EMS, paramedic, ambulance services, risk perception, questionnaire

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220425

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1441-1453, 2023

Authors: Hu, Chia Jung | Chen, Yen Ju | Hong, Rei Mei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep and mental health are very important in the aviation industry. Reports show that gender is one of the risk factors of insomnia, and most Asian flight attendants are female. Therefore, it is necessary to understand insomnia, and the correction to mental health among female flight attendants. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of insomnia in female flight attendants and its association with mental health. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional design. We recruited 412 female flight attendants with more than 3 months of working experience. We collected the socio-demographic and work-related data, measured insomnia and mental …health by the Athens Insomnia and Brief Symptom Rating Scales. Descriptive statistics, single-factor analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed to analyze the relationships. RESULTS: There are 45.4% of female flight attendants having insomnia, and 24.8% had suspicious insomnia. The most considerable and serious insomnia problem was falling asleep (15.3%, 4.9%). Factors related to insomnia include smoking, drinking, family load (e.g., housekeeping and caring for family), economic stress and late-night/early morning workdays during last month. Also, insomnia had a direct association with mental health (T  = 17.11, p  < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We found that insomnia is negatively correlated with the above factors and mental health. We recommend that airline industries can run their sleep-education programs and provide relevant mental-health-promotion programs for flight attendants. Show more

Keywords: Sleep, work, mental hygiene, health promotion

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220431

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1455-1463, 2023

Authors: Zhang, Defa | Lyu, Bei | Wu, Jingtao | Li, Wangze | Zhang, Kaiyuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Athletic fatigue is an inescapable issue in competitive sports. It belongs to a physiological response that is triggered when competitive athletes are trained to a critical point. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to explore the relationships involving boxers’ social support, mental fatigue, coach leadership behaviors and psychological resilience. METHODS: 1050 boxers were selected in several provinces across China and investigated on the basis of the Social Support Questionnaire for Athletes, Mental Fatigue Scale, Psychological Resilience Scale, and Leadership Scale for Sport. RESULTS: Boxers’ social support was negatively correlated with mental fatigue and psychological resilience, …while it was positively correlated with coach leadership behaviors. Apart from direct effects on mental fatigue, other impacts are imposed by boxers’ social support via mediating effects such as coach leadership behaviors and psychological resilience. The total effect value was -0.18, the direct effect value was -0.08, and the indirect effect value was -0.12; furthermore, coach leadership behaviors and psychological resilience play a mediating role, accounting for 65.57% of the total. CONCLUSION: In order to alleviate the stress from intense competitive training and abate mental fatigue, competitive athletes may be encouraged in subsequent training to seek all-sided social support for social interpersonal relationships. While clarifying the mechanism how the external environment affects individuals, this paper explains the principle of social support on athletes’ psychological fatigue and identifies mutual influences between coaches and athletes. Show more

Keywords: Internal mechanism, investigation, mental fatigue, social support, training environment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220478

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1465-1479, 2023

Authors: Bjuhr, Marie | Engström, Maria | Welmer, Anna-Karin | Elmståhl, Sölve | Sjölund, Britt-Marie

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health and work environment are known factors in being active in working life beyond legal retirement. OBJECTIVE: To investigate sociodemographic, health and work environment factors as possible predictors of being active in working life at ages 66 and 72. Secondly, investigate eventual changes over time, shortly after a major reform in the Swedish pension system, and predictors of still being active in working life at age 66. METHODS: We used a longitudinal design with two separate cohorts of people at age 60. One baseline assessment was made in 2001–2003 with two 6 years follow-ups, and …one in 2007–2009 with one 6 years follow-up. Data were accessed through a Swedish national population-based study and analysed using logistic regression. To examine possible differences between the two cohorts, interaction terms with each independent variable were analysed. RESULTS: Being a man and working in a profession that requires at least three years of university education predicted that the person would still be active in working life at age 66 and 72. Additionally, having a light level of physical activity at work and being diagnosed with fewer than two diseases, also predicted still being active in working life at age 66. Only physical activity at work showed significant changes over time. CONCLUSION: Shortly after a major reform of the public pension system, there was an increase in participation in working life after age 66 and 72. However, gender, profession, and health factors are still important considerations regarding older people’s participation in working life. Show more

Keywords: Extended working life, healthy ageing, older people

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220480

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1481-1492, 2023

Authors: Vafaee-Najar, Ali | Delshad, Mohammad Hossein | Pourhaji, Roya | Tabesh, Hamed | Pourhaji, Fatemeh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Burnout is not only related to mental health but also to efficiency. Thus, recognizing effective coping strategies has a significant role in improving mental health, the efficiency and productivity of human resources, and making better the level of quality of service. OBJECTIVE: To determine burnout syndrome and examine related factors among the employees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 employees at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. They were selected by a stratified sampling method. The data collection tool was the demographic information and the Burnout Self-Test Maslach …Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 20, using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson and Spearman regression. RESULTS: The findings showed that emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) in the majority of employees were high and personal accomplishment (PA) was low at 88.33% of cases. All participants presented burnout. However, participants aged 35-40 years, those with professional and Ph.D. degrees, and research staff reported higher burnout levels. CONCLUSION: Job burnout and its subscale levels among the employees were high. Job burnout is associated with socioeconomic status that can be affected by individual, organizational, management, and environmental factors. Therefore, this study suggests that employees need to get out of EE and DP conditions for higher job performance. Additionally, further research is required to examine the long-term effects of workplace burnout. Show more

Keywords: Burnout, psychological, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, mental health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220485

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1493-1499, 2023

Authors: Rujiret, Upiriyasakul | Keerin, Mekhora | Julaporn, Pooliam | Petcharatana, Bhuanantanondh | Wattana, Jalayondeja | Chutima, Jalayondeja

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Early self-assessment for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) is crucial in preventing severe symptoms and long-term consequences. Accessible tools are necessary for proactive management. OBJECTIVE: To validate the OfficeCheck web application as a screening tool to classify office workers as capable of self-management for specific symptoms of WMSDs or requiring professional consultation. METHODS: This study was conducted to determine the criterion-related validity of OfficeCheck using physical therapy assessment as the reference standard. In total, 223 office workers who work with a computer more than two hours a day with or without symptoms of WMSDs participated in …this study. All of them were classified by self-assessment on the OfficeCheck process flow (Kappa = 0.841) and physical therapy assessment, respectively. For statistical analysis, classification numbers were calculated for sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). RESULTS: A total of 223 workers with a mean age of 38.9±9.0 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.3±5.2 kg/m2 were illustrated. The most common areas of complaint were neck/upper back and lower back/hip. The results indicated that OfficeCheck had high sensitivity (95.1%), low specificity (42.0%), low PPV (38.0%), and high NPV (95.8%). The FPR was 58.0% and the FNR was 4.9%. CONCLUSION: OfficeCheck was found to have high sensitivity to classify office workers as capable of self-management for specific symptoms of WMSDs or requiring professional consultation. The use of OfficeCheck is thus recommended for self-detection and management to stop the consequences of WMSDs. Show more

Keywords: Self-assessment, software, cumulative trauma disorders

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220491

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1501-1508, 2023

Authors: Kılıç, Halil | Vledder, Gerbera | Yao, Xinhe | Elkhuizen, Willemijn S. | Song, Yu | Vink, Peter

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A valid distribution of key anthropometric parameters among participants is often a perquisite of ergonomics research. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we investigated the accuracy of self-reported stature and body mass of the population in the Netherlands. METHODS: Data from 4 experiments was synthesized where in each experiment, participants self-reported their stature and body mass prior to being measured, of which they were not notified before. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of 249 records indicated that on average, participants overreported their stature by 1.31 cm and underreported their mass by 1.45 kg. This is especially true for people …with a BMI≥25. CONCLUSION: Two models were proposed to adjust the self-reported stature and body mass for ergonomic researchers in a survey or recruitment. Limitations in using the models are highlighted as well. Show more

Keywords: Anthropometrics, body mass index, participatory research

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220565

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1509-1517, 2023

Authors: Tiedtke, Corine M. | Blonk, Roland W.B. | Van Rhenen, Willem | Van Egmond, Martine P. | Joosen, Margot C.W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A considerable number of cancer survivors face difficulties in returning to work (RTW). More insight is needed on how to support employees shortly after cancer treatment and help them make the transition back to work. OBJECTIVE: To gain an in-depth understanding of how and under what circumstances a Cancer & Work Support (CWS) program, which assists sick-listed employees with cancer in preparing their RTW, works. METHODS: A qualitative design was used, inspired by Grounded Theory and Realist Evaluation components. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with RTW professionals (N  = 8) and employees with cancer (N  = 14). Interview …themes covered experiences with CWS, active elements, and impeding and facilitating factors. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed by multiple researchers for contextual factors, active mechanisms, and the outcomes experienced. RESULTS: Respondents experienced the support as human centered, identifying two characteristics: ‘Involvement’ (‘how’ the support was offered), and ‘Approach’ (‘what’ was offered). Four themes were perceived as important active elements: 1) open connection and communication, 2) recognition and attention, 3) guiding awareness and reflection, and 4) providing strategies for coping with the situation. Variation in the experiences and RTW outcomes, appeared to be related to the personal, medical and environmental context. CONCLUSION: Both professionals and employees really appreciated the CWS because it contributed to RTW after cancer. This research shows that not only ‘what’ RTW professionals do, but also ‘how’ they do it, is important for meaningful RTW support. A good relationship in an open and understanding atmosphere can contribute to the receptiveness (of employees) for cancer support. Show more

Keywords: Oncology, work participation, human-centered approach

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220566

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1519-1533, 2023

Authors: Fang, Fei | Huo, Faren | Feng, Yiran

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Larger dual screens have been widely used during office work and their biomechanical exposure should be explored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical effect of two dual screen layouts on neck-shoulder muscle activity and the variability of head-neck posture in computer users. METHODS: A preliminary study of the user-preferred dual screen angles was carried out in V-shaped and L-shaped layouts. Twenty healthy participants aged 19 to 26 years were recruited and assigned to perform reading, typing, and searching tasks for 30 minutes in both workstation layouts. Electromyography was measured at bilateral cervical erector spinae (CES), sternocleidomastoid …(SCM), and upper trapezius (UT). The head-neck lateral bending, rotation, and flexion angles were recorded. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate visual strain. RESULTS: The muscle activity at the left UT and right CES sites when using the V-shaped layout was significantly higher than the L-shaped. There were significant differences in head-neck rotation and flexion angles between the two layouts in reading and typing tasks. In the searching task, there was no significant difference in the head-neck rotation and flexion angles between the two layouts. The visual strain score was significantly higher in the V-shaped layout. CONCLUSION: The CES and UT muscles displayed higher levels of activation while using the V-shaped layout in comparison to the L-shaped layout. The head-neck rotation and flexion angles differed due to varied types of work when using V-shaped and L-shaped layouts. Show more

Keywords: Electromyography, muscle fatigue, kinematics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220585

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1535-1546, 2023

Authors: Bolis, Ivan | Eickhoff, Maud | Leite, Wilza Karla dos Santos | Sznelwar, Laerte Idal

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are companies that can be considered financially successful while creating negative externalities for their workers. This is the case of contact centers. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to investigate the challenges for a service company (such as a contact center) in reconciling its economic and financial objectives with the promotion of the work dimension, guaranteeing workers the possibility of professional, collective, and human development. METHODS: This research has a qualitative ethnographic approach. An activity-centered work analysis method, also known as “Ergonomic Work Analysis” (EWA), was carried out in one of the largest …companies in the Brazilian contact center market. RESULTS: The case shows that the achievement of economic-financial objectives of the analyzed company is mainly done by harming the well-being of its workers. In particular, the work of the attendants did not bring any development perspective for them. The prevalence of instrumental rationality in decision-making processes and the asymmetry of power relations between stakeholders are the main reasons why workers’ well-being is not considered. CONCLUSION: The discussion proposes that work-related sciences, such as ergonomics and psychodynamics of work, can bring another type of rationality to the decision-making processes of companies. The work also needs to be sustainable enough to allow the construction and development of professionals, and the health of working population, while improving the company’s performance. Show more

Keywords: Call center, ergonomic work analysis, rationalities in decision-making process, psychodynamic of work, power-relations

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220598

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1547-1563, 2023

Authors: Dong, Shengli | Meros, Theodore | Seenath, Sarika

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the protections afforded by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), workers who are deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) face workplace challenges that may require the aid of workplace resources and accommodations. Limited research has been conducted to understand the process of accommodation requests among DHH workers. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative study examined barriers and facilitators to requesting accommodations among DHH workers. METHODS: Fifty-nine DHH workers, recruited from organizations serving DHH workers across U.S., participated in the study. Participants’ open-ended survey responses were analyzed and coded into themes representing barriers or facilitators to participants’ decisions to request …or withhold requests for accommodations. RESULTS: Facilitators to accommodation request include an employee’s effective use of self-efficacy and self-advocacy; supportive work environments; and the presence of peers with disabilities. Barriers to accommodation requests include the anticipation of negative perception of stigmatization in the workplace; lack of knowledge related to accommodations and ADA; absence of workplace support; ineffectual workplace structure, policies, or procedures; concerns surrounding costs; and physical and access barriers in the workplace. CONCLUSION: To fulfill the workers’ rights as guaranteed by the ADA, and to best serve the interests of the workplace, strategies are highlighted on how to assist DHH employees to take advantage of workplace accommodations with aims to promote job retention and success. Show more

Keywords: Hearing impairment, accommodation request, challenges, supports

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220632

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1565-1578, 2023

Authors: Al’Saani, Syed Muhammad Ashraf Jahangeer | Raza, Lubna | Fatima, Khunsha | Khan, Sehar | Fatima, Mudebbera | Ali, Syeda Nimrah | Amin, Mehreen | Siddiqui, Maheen | Liaquat, Amna | Siddiqui, Fatima | Naveed, Wajeeha | Naqvi, Tahira | Bibi, Zainab

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell phone usage is highly prevalent among young adults. They are used for multiple purposes including communication, studies, social networking and entertainment. However, its excessive usage has been associated with adverse health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to find the association of cell phone usage with musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) and its associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on young adult students from a low-middle income country over a period of 3 months from December 2018 to February 2019. A structured questionnaire based on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH scoring) …was used to record the musculoskeletal discomfort. RESULTS: Out of 803 questionnaires, data of 754 (94%) were entered and the remaining questionnaires (n  = 49) were discarded due to incomplete answers. The mean age was 20.83 (1.62) years. In our study, there were 194 (25.7%) males and 560 (74.3%) female participants. Neck and shoulder were the most frequently affected regions. A significant difference in QuickDASH score was observed between genders (p -value p  ≤ 0.001). Left-handed individuals scored significantly higher on QuickDASH score compared to right-handed individuals (p  < 0.05). Increased musculoskeletal discomfort was reported by individuals with daily cell phone use of more than four hours (p  < 0.05). A positive significant correlation was found between continuous one hour cell-phone use and higher mean QuickDASH scores (correlation coefficient 0.124, p value 0.001). Shorter eye-to-screen distance was significantly associated with MSD (p  < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Musculoskeletal discomfort is associated with the female gender, duration of cell phone use and a small eye-to-screen distance. Show more

Keywords: Ergonomics, neck pain, head posture, smartphone, adolescent

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220661

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1579-1588, 2023

Authors: Toczko, Michael | Fyock-Martin, Marcie | McCrory, Stuart | Martin, Joel

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The work-related stress experienced by firefighters is associated with numerous health issues. In the general population, improving physical fitness is associated with improvements in both mental and physical quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine whether fitter professional firefighters report greater physical and mental quality of life. METHODS: Twenty-three professional firefighters (males = 21, females = 2; age: 36.78±7.12yrs; height: 176.96±5.67 cm; weight: 88.20±16.02 kg; years of service: 8.70±6.62years) volunteered for the study. Participants completed a fitness protocol that included the wall sit and reach, Y-balance test, vertical jump, 1 repetition maximum bench press, pull-ups to …failure, push-ups to failure, a plank hold and 1-mile run. The short form 36 questionnaire was used to assess overall quality of life. Firefighters were divided into “high” and “low” groups for physical and mental quality of life. Group differences in fitness parameters were assessed using a multivariate analysis of covariance with gender, age, years of service, height, and body mass as co-variates. RESULTS: Firefighters with lower mental quality of life had lower body fat percentages (p  = 0.003), fat mass (p  = 0.036), greater fat free mass (p  = 0.015), vertical jump height (p  = 0.024) and performed more pull-ups (p  = 0.003). There were no significant differences in any of the fitness measures between high and low physical quality of life groups. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that physical fitness of firefighters is not indicative of overall health. Firefighters might use exercise to cope for psychological stress and a holistic approach to improve firefighter quality of life is recommended. Show more

Keywords: Body composition, mental health, physical health, wellbeing, emergency responders

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220673

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1589-1596, 2023

Authors: Liu, Yanjia | Han, Yanhong | Xiong, Lijuan | Ma, Qianyun | Mei, Lulu | Chong, Mei Chan | Che, Chong Chin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Adaption to clinical work during the internship can induce several stressors among medical students, especially in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Particularly, job stress could be linked to the development of psychological traits and the formation of the professional identity of medical interns. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the relationship between job stress, psychological capital, and professional identity through a mediation analysis of Chinese medical interns. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 hospitals and clinics in China from June 2021 to March 2022. A total of 665 …medical interns filled out questionnaires related to demographic questions, psychological capital, job stress, and professional identity. Data analysis was executed using the IBM SPSS version 22.0 software and its add-in PROCESS Windows version 4.0. RESULTS: The findings indicated a statistically significant mediating effect of psychological capital between job stress and professional identity. Job stress and job stress combined with psychological capital accounted for 5.3% and 37.9%, respectively, of the variance in professional identity. The bootstrapping method corroborated the significance of the indirect effect of job stress through psychological capital (95% bootstrap CI  = –4.7921, –2.4345). CONCLUSION: The current findings underscore the need for increased attention on improving the psychological capital of medical interns. Show more

Keywords: Mediation analysis, medical students, professional role, psychological resilience, occupational stress

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230022

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1597-1604, 2023

Authors: López-Arellano, José Ramón | Romero-Rubio, Salvador Abraham | Sandoval-Félix, Kate Montserrat | Vega-Arellano, Antonio Humberto

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic brought with it changes in the way of working and the well-being of workers. OBJECTIVE: To identify research trends on work life quality and its impact on productivity in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: The Proknow-C constructivist methodology was used, with which a bibliographic portfolio of 49 articles obtained from the Web of Science was prepared, resulting from four stages of search between 2012 and 2022; a bibliometric analysis was performed on that database and bibliometric networks were created with the software VOSviewer; the systemic analysis of the articles was …carried out, thus showing theories, definitions and indicators; and areas of opportunity of research were identified. RESULTS: The most important high-impact specialized journals and authors, articles considered central, most used keywords such as job satisfaction, quality of work life and COVID-19, as well as the most representative countries such as European and Asian, are presented. CONCLUSION: It was found that the health sector is one of the most studied, allowing researchers from other sectors the opportunity to delve into the issue of the affectations of the quality of work life reflected in productivity and common variables were synthesized such as job satisfaction, well-being, motivation and security, among others. Show more

Keywords: COVID-19, efficiency, job satisfaction, quality of life, working conditions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230024

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1605-1614, 2023

Authors: Osmančević, Benjamin | Karnjuš, Igor | Prosen, Mirko

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ambulance personnel face numerous challenges during their working hours. Exposure to stressful situations and other factors in the outpatient emergency medical service can affect the health of ambulance personnel as well as their well-being. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of ambulance personnel regarding their physical and mental well-being at the workplace. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive-interpretative research design was used. Individual face-to-face and online interviews were conducted between February and April 2022. A total of 26 interviews were conducted to explore employees’ perceptions regarding the impact of work on …their health and well-being. RESULTS: Ambulance personnel described in detail their perceptions of the impact of work on their physical and mental health and well-being. Three main themes emerged from our data: 1) the impact of work on the psychophysical condition of ambulance personnel; 2) the impact of work on the lifestyle of ambulance personnel; 3) the impact of work and the work environment on the lives of ambulance personnel. CONCLUSION: Long-term work in emergency medical services affects the health and well-being of ambulance personnel. As demonstrated by this study, raising awareness on the importance of preventive and health promotion programmes, understanding employees’ problems by considering their opinions, and providing relevant training are extremely important tools for preventing such problems among employees. Show more

Keywords: Emergency medical services, health promotion, occupational health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230056

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1615-1627, 2023

Authors: Mastorci, Francesca | Lazzeri, Maria Francesca Lodovica | Piaggi, Paolo | Doveri, Cristina | Trivellini, Gabriele | Casu, Anselmo | Marinaro, Irene | Bianchin, Elisa | Pozzi, Marta | Pingitore, Alessandro

Article Type: Correction

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-236020

Citation: Work, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1629-1629, 2023