Work - Volume 75, issue 1

Authors: Lee, Young Joo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mobile health interventions are being widely tried because of their attractive advantages. However, there is not enough evidence for its effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mobile app-based stress management intervention (mSMI) on highly stressed workers. METHODS: A sample of 82 white-collar workers with elevated symptoms of perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10≥22) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The mSMI consisted of three modules: self-management including a work diary, counseling based on cognitive behavioral therapy and interventions focused on music, meditation, relaxation and image healings. Self-report data were …collected at the baseline and post-intervention. Study outcomes analyzed perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and work engagement. Data were assessed using analysis of covariance with covariates. RESULTS: There was significantly reduced perceived stress from baseline to 6 weeks in mSMI (t = 5.788, p  < 0.001) and control group (t = 3.184, p  = 0.003). After adjusting for covariates, the between-group difference in the perceived stress was significantly different (F = 4.051, p  = 0.048); however, the effect size was small. There was no significant intervention effect on anxiety, depression, and work engagement. The process evaluation indicated that most participants (85.3%) were satisfied with the intervention and their mental health benefited. CONCLUSION: This study found that mobile health intervention facilitated perceived stress management for highly stressed workers. Further studies should address job-related outcomes and mental health symptoms in workers by applying the latest information technology and addressing the limitations of mobile interventions. Show more

Keywords: Mental health, mobile health application, occupational health services, office workers

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211406

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 233-241, 2023

Authors: de Almeida, Letícia Yamawaka | Strobbe, Stephen | de Oliveira, Jaqueline Lemos | Baldassarini, Caíque Rossi | Zanetti, Ana Carolina Guidorizzi | de Souza, Jacqueline

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Complex behaviors, such as physical activity (PA), may be related to different levels of influence. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role of social support, mood and alcohol consumption as psychosocial predictors on the engagement in PA among Brazilian workers. METHODS: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional analytical study. A sample of 395 participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Social Support Scale for Physical Activities (SSSPA) and the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS). RESULTS: Analysis via Pearson’s Correlation Test indicated a negative correlation between …PA and depression and fatigue, and a positive correlation between PA and alcohol consumption, vigor and the four variables of social support (support of family members for walking; support of friends for walking; support of family members for moderate and vigorous physical activity; support of friends for moderate and vigorous physical activity). A positive relationship between PA and low-risk alcohol consumption was also identified. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that family support for walking, friends support for moderate and vigorous physical activity, vigor and alcohol consumption are predictors of PA. Hayes’ moderation analysis indicated that social support has a moderating effect on the relationship between alcohol use and PA. CONCLUSION: Different factors may be involved in engaging in PA. A broader approach that addresses the singularities of individuals, especially in actions for different patterns of alcohol consumption, is recommended. Show more

Keywords: Alcohol consumption, social support, mood, mental health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211411

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 243-252, 2023

Authors: Li, Jingli | Janmaat, John

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Past research has demonstrated connections between emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior. However, how they are connected has been rarely explored, especially from a communication perspective. OBJECTIVES: This study considered the mixed role of co-worker communication satisfaction and supervisory communication satisfaction in the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior. METHODS: Based on a two-wave survey of 230 employees in China, we conducted a moderated mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro in SPSS. RESULTS: We found that co-worker communication satisfaction (CCS) was a mediator in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) …and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). On top of that, the relationship between CCS and OCB became more significant when supervisory communication satisfaction (SCS) was at a high level. In contrast, that relationship became non-significant when SCS was at a low level. CONCLUSIONS: These findings extends the pathway research between EI and OCB, primarily through the lens of communication. Also, this work verifies the different values of types of communication satisfaction as resources. It extends the Conservation of Resources Theory in the Chinese context by integrating cultural traits with employee behaviors. Show more

Keywords: Emotional intelligence, co-worker communication satisfaction, supervisory communication satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211425

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 253-263, 2023

Authors: Kashif, Muhammad | Talib, Azka | Imtiaz, Zainab | Imtiaz, Zara | Dustgir, Atif | Syed, Hafiza Aroosa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Constant use of hand-held vibratory tools may cause health issues, including hand dysfunction, among farmers. Thus, exposure to these vibratory instruments may cause hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to measure the prevalence of HAVS and evaluate neurological and vascular symptoms among farmers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 20 villages in Pakistan and used a three-part questionnaire to collect data from farmers exposed to vibration while farming. The study included demographics, the Health Surveillance Questionnaire, and the Stockholm Workshop Classification Scale. SPSS version 22 was used for the data entry and statistical analysis. …RESULTS: 433 (43%) participants had musculoskeletal discomfort and 568 (57%) had hand vibration. Raynaud phenomenon was evident in 430 (43%) participants, whereas carpal tunnel syndrome was found in 218 (22%). Tingling was reported by 255 participants (26%), and numbness was reported by 543 (54%). According to the grading of neurological symptoms, 461 (46%) participants were exposed to vibration but did not experience any symptoms, placing them in stage 0. 185 (18.5%) participants with HAVS with infrequent episodes affecting just the tips of one or more fingers were categorized in stage 01 based on grading of vascular symptoms. CONCLUSION: HAVS are common among harvesting farmers, with the most noticeable vibrations occurring in the shoulder region. Similarly, most farmers had no vascular symptoms, and most were exposed to vibration but had no neurological symptoms. Show more

Keywords: Hand-arm vibration syndrome, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, vibratory tools, farmers

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211432

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 265-273, 2023

Authors: Sarsangi, Vali | Karimi, Ali | Hadavandi, Esmaeil | Hokmabadi, Rajabali

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Annually, large amounts of hazardous materials (hazmat) are transported through the roads and this movement causes various accidents. Identifying the causes of these accidents is a critical issue for all public governments. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the effective risk factors for hazmat road transport accidents and determine their relative weight using the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted in 2021 in Iran and included four steps, i.e., the identification (using literature review and semi-structured interview), determination (according to the expert panel opinion), classification, and prioritization of effective …factors in hazmat road transportation accidents. To prioritize and determine the relative weight of the effective factors, the fuzzy AHP technique was used. RESULTS: In total, 159 risk factors were identified, which were classified into six factors (including road, transportation management, vehicle, cargo, driver, and weather conditions) and 24 sub-factors. The main factor (greatest relative weight) with the highest priority was the driver (0.181). The road (0.167), cargo (0.166), vehicle (0.169), transportation management (0.161), and weather conditions (0.159) were the next priorities, in that order. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the driver is the most important factor in causing accidents when transporting hazmat by road. The findings of this study might have the potential to decrease the frequency and consequence of accidents caused by the road transport of hazmat. Show more

Keywords: Hazardous material, road transportation, accident, fuzzy AHP

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211446

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 275-286, 2023

Authors: Wang, Long | Yu, Suihuai | Chen, Dengkai | Li, Wenhua | Chu, Jianjie | Fan, Hao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The tray table in economy class air travel may cause excessive neck flexion and discomfort in passengers. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of different tray table heights on the neck posture and discomfort perception of passengers. METHODS: A passenger experience survey was used to determine the passengers’ view that the tray table was not high enough, and that most passengers were dissatisfied with the overall comfort evaluation of the tray table, especially passengers with obesity. Three head-neck angles and discomfort perceptions of six body parts in 58 participants were …recorded by neck posture 3D scanning and perceived level of discomfort assessment, respectively. RESULTS: Tray tables at the original height (68 cm) caused unnatural neck posture and discomfort in participants. Raising the tray table can improve the neck posture of participants and reduce discomfort. However, raising the tray table too high will cause more shoulder discomfort in participants. Based on the results, 78 (±2) cm is suggested as the suitable thresholds range of tray tables for economy class air travel. CONCLUSION: The results and findings of this study could provide a theoretical base for the optimization of tray table design. Show more

Keywords: Passenger comfort, aircraft tray table height, neck posture, perceived level of discomfort, overall comfort

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220043

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 287-302, 2023

Authors: Campoya Morales, Ángel Fabián | Hernández Arellano, Juan Luis | Maldonado Macías, Aidé Aracely | Rodríguez, Yordán | Ochoa-Ortiz, Carlos Alberto

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of performing occupational tasks that demand physical and mental efforts in combined and simultaneous approaches are unknown, especially when pushing force is analyzed as a physical effort and solving arithmetic problems as a mental effort. OBJECTIVE: In this study, physical and mental demands were simulated in a lab environment to assess the workload. METHODS: Using a push force dynamometer, the maximum push force strength of each participant was recorded, and the physical demand was simulated exerting the push force in low, medium, and high levels. Mental demands were simulated solving arithmetic tasks in …low, medium, and high levels. Two experimental conditions were defined: (1) task with combined physical and mental workload (performing physical demands first and mental demands after) and (2) task in a simultaneous way (performing both demands at the same time. NASA-TLX Traditional and RAW were applied to assess the workload. RESULTS: The time to complete the tasks was significantly longer in the combined than the simultaneous approach, and performance was significantly higher in the combined than the simultaneous tasks. CONCLUSION: The combined approach obtained better results than simultaneous and Traditional NASA-TLX presented a significantly higher level of global workload index than RAW. Show more

Keywords: Simultaneous, combined, NASA-TLX, traditional, RAW

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220067

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 303-314, 2023

Authors: Gumasing, Ma. Janice J. | Prasetyo, Yogi Tri | Jaurigue, Jenile | Saavedra, Daphne Nicole M. | Nadlifatin, Reny | Chuenyindee, Thanatorn | Persada, Satria Fadil

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Baggers play a significant role in the customer service of supermarket stores. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of biomechanical risk factors on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) experienced by baggers in the supermarket industry. METHODS: Forty baggers employed among five supermarket stores in the National Capital Region in the Philippines participated in the study. To examine the biomechanical risk factors of the baggers, this study used an observational approach as well as standard ergonomic tools like REBA and NIOSH. In addition, musculoskeletal discomfort was subjectively rated using the standardized Cornell Musculoskeletal …Disorder Questionnaire at the end of the work shift. Furthermore, correlation and stepwise regression analysis were utilized to determine the association between biomechanical risk factors and MSD. RESULTS: Approximately 76% of study participants reported work-related MSD. The highest prevalence was in the foot area, followed by upper back, shoulder, lower leg, lower back, neck, and upper arm. Pearson correlation analysis had found a significant association between MSD and biomechanical risk factors. The highest correlation was observed between MSD and postural risk index (R2  = 0.863, p  < 0.001), followed by weight lifted (R2  = 0.836, p  < 0.001), task duration (R2  = 0.816, p  < 0.001), task frequency (R2  = 0.756, p  < 0.001), and lifting index (R2  = 0.661, p  < 0.001). Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis revealed that the postural risk index (REBA) had the highest coefficient value (β =16.99), indicating the strongest positive effect to MSD. CONCLUSION: This present study revealed that grocery baggers are frequently exposed to risk factors such as awkward posture, lifting heavy loads, extended task durations, and prolonged postures during repetitive tasks increased their risk of developing MSDs. Hence, preventive measures are suggested to minimize the risk of MSD, such as the implementation of intervention through ergonomic solutions like awareness and training on safe lifting practices, adjustment of workstations to fit the stature of workers, introducing rest breaks in between work shifts, use of floor mats, and use of compression stockings in conjunction with safety shoes. Show more

Keywords: Baggers, supermarket, MSD, NIOSH, CMDQ

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220073

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 315-324, 2023

Authors: Langer, Danit | Tendler, Shlomit | Bar-Haim Erez, Asnat

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies found that women with breast cancer struggle with significant physical and mental challenges that affect their participation in daily living, social and work activities. Although women express their need for rehabilitation, in Israel there has been scant research on the nature of these needs. OBJECTIVE: To examine the implications of breast cancer for Israeli women in terms of their quality of life, body function, activities and participation in all facets of life, including work. METHODS: The sample was composed of women diagnosed with breast cancer. The data were collected through: (a) an online electronic …survey assessing cancer-related quality of life (QoL), function and disability, fatigue and sensory-motor functions, (n  = 120) followed by (b) face-to-face interviews and assessments (n  = 20), and a healthy control group (n  = 61). RESULTS: Women with breast cancer reported significantly lower QoL compared to the healthy control group. They reported higher levels of disability in areas such as, cognition, mobility, upper extremity, as well as overall difficulties in self-care, doing routine household activities and return to work. Roughly one-third of the women did not return to work. Interestingly, our sample did not perceive a decline in terms of their social support or networks, the women stated that family and social support were major enabling factors. CONCLUSION: The results show that breast cancer has short and long-term functional effects on most facets of these women’s life. The women’s social support system served as an enabling factor. Many women expressed their frustration at the lack of rehabilitation services for their condition and needs in Israel. Show more

Keywords: Oncology, well-being, work, daily living activities, women

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220085

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 325-337, 2023

Authors: Mei, Wenjuan | Wu, Jinnan | Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara, Pablo | Liu, Lin | He, Ying | Song, Mengmeng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that the personal use of social media, i.e., social cyberloafing, is associated with employee mental health. However, the underlying mechanism through which social cyberloafing is related to mental health has received limited attention. OBJECTIVE: Drawing on conservation of resource theory and work/nonwork enhancement literatures, we developed and tested a model that examines health effect of social cyberloafing. As such, employees’ social cyberloafing is posited as positively related to psychological detachment and personal life enhancement of work, which in turn would act as mediators that explain why social cyberloafing improves mental health. …METHODS: Data from 375 Chinese employees were analyzed to test research hypotheses using the structural equation modeling and bias-corrected bootstrap method with Mplus 7.4. RESULTS: The results found that social cyberloafing is positively related to psychological detachment, but not with personal life enhancement of work. Social cyberloafing was positively related to employees’ mental health through both psychological detachment and through psychological detachment and personal life enhancement of work serially. CONCLUSION: Psychological detachment alone and alongside personal life enhancement of work form part of the mechanisms explaining how and why engaging in social cyberloafing is positively associated with employees’ mental health. These mechanisms offer insights to organizations into how the mental health of employees can be improved in the digital workplace. Show more

Keywords: Social media, public health, social interaction, professional-family relations, China

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220126

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 339-348, 2023

Authors: Alturkistani, Samahir

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Globally, chronic conditions are becoming more prevalent, both in general and within the workforce. Moreover, the appropriate workplace recognition and interventions are lacking for employees with chronic conditions, which may affect productivity and quality of work as a result of increased rates of absenteeism among such employees. OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to examine the correlation between healthcare administrators’ chronic conditions and job absenteeism at King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at KAMC in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Data obtained from the responses of 225 administrative employees …with a chronic condition working at KAMC. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 20. RESULTS: The results of this study indicated that a significantly relationship exists between chronic heartburn, as well as other chronic conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome, severe anemia, chronic fatigue, and high blood pressure or hypertension with employees’ job absenteeism. CONCLUSION: According to the obtained results, employees’ chronic conditions have a significant impact on absenteeism. Therefore, we recommend that employers intervene to determine how employees’ chronic conditions affect their health and prevent them from attending work. Providing workplace health and wellness programs within an organization can improve employee health, thereby reducing the rate of absenteeism and increase the rate of productivity in the working environment. Show more

Keywords: Noncommunicable diseases, employees, absenteeism, occupational health, workforce

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220157

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 349-355, 2023

Authors: Kesiena, Onoriode | Atarere, Joseph | Benden, Mark

Article Type: Brief Report

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the association of chronic pain (CP) with a poor work-life balance has been well studied, the interaction effect of multiple pain sites on work-life balance is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the most prevalent CP site among healthcare workers, the demographic characteristics of the individuals with the predominant pain type, and to assess the interaction of multiple pain sites on work-life balance. METHODS: Using data from the National Health Interview Survey, 2,458 healthcare works were identified for this study. The independent variables were chronic low back and hip pain. The dependent variables were (1) if …pain affected their family or significant other, (2) if pain limited their life or work activities, and (3) Usually working >35 hours/week. Multiple logistic regression and an interaction analysis were used to analyze the impact of different pain sites on work-life balance. RESULTS: Among healthcare workers, chronic low back pain was more prevalent than chronic hip pain (69.4% vs 61.4%, p -value<0.001). Respondents with chronic low back pain were mostly 40 – 64 years of age (49.6%), females (71.2%), white (77.6%), married (55.5%), had no college degree (85.4%), earn greater than $75,000 (50.0%). In the interaction analysis, in the presence of chronic hip pain, those with chronic low back pain had an AOR of 2.20 (1.05 – 4.64), p -value 0.038 of chronic low back pain affecting their family and significant others, and an AOR of 2.18 (1.17– 4.05), p -value 0.014 of chronic low back pain affecting their life or work. CONCLUSION: Chronic low back pain was more prevalent than chronic hip pain among healthcare workers. Together both pain sites had a significant impact on the work-life balance of this population. Further studies should assess other dimensions of work-life balance and chronic pain. Show more

Keywords: Work, back, hip, family, chronic

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211239

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 357-362, 2023

Authors: Valencia-Contrera, Miguel | Rivera-Rojas, Flerida

Article Type: Letter

Keywords: (MeSH): Occupational exposure, occupational health, occupational health physicians, occupational health nursing

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220574

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 363-363, 2023