Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 8, issue 5

Authors: Copley, Alfred L. | Witte, Siegfried

Article Type: Editorial

Abstract: We were deeply saddened to announce, on the occasion of this issue dedicated to our late friend and colleague George William Scott Blair, also the news of the death of our friend and colleague Takehiko Azuma. He was an Editor of CLINICAL HEMORHEOLOGY since 1981, when this Companion Journal of BIORHEOLOGY began its publication. We express our deeply felt sympathies to Mrs. Rita Scott Blair and Mrs. Etsuko Azuma and their families. In our condolences we are joined by the Publishers and the members of the Editorial Board of CLINICAL HEMORHEOLOGY.

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8501

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 543-543, 1988

Authors: Copley, Alfred L. | Witte, Siegfried

Article Type: Other

Abstract: These pages are dedicated to the memory of our colleague and dear friend George William Scott Blair, Co-Founder of BIORHEOLOGY and its Co-Editor-in-Chief from November 1959 to December 1978. The photograph of George W. Scott Blair was taken in 1972 during the Banquet of the First International Congress of Biorheology, held together with the Sixth International Congress on Rheology, at Lyon, France.

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8502

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 545-547, 1988

Authors: Copley, Alfred L.

Article Type: Obituary

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8503

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 549-567, 1988

Authors: Dormandy, John A. | Ernst, Edzard

Article Type: Obituary

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8504

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 569-570, 1988

Authors: Zondervan, H.A. | Hardeman, M.R. | M. Thomas, L.L. | Smorenberg-Schoorl, M.E. | Treffers, P.E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In four patients with extreme fetal growth retardation before 28 wks amenorrhea an attempt was made to improve maternal placental perfusion by isovolemic hemodilutio. Despite the substantial reduction in maternal whole blood viscosity, the predicted intra-uterine fetal death occurred in all 4 patients. No substantial changes were found in the fetal non stress cardiotocogram during or after the hemodilution procedure. Very small and largely infarcted placentae were present. It is concluded, that the decrease in maternal whole blood viscosity was not effecti ve in modi fying the ultimate fatal outcome.

Keywords: fetal growth retardation, placental perfusion, hemodilutio

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8505

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 571-579, 1988

Authors: Hardeman, M.R. | Bauersachs, R.M. | Meiselman, H.J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A laser diffraction system for the measurement of R BC deformation (i.e., Elongation Index, EI) has been evaluated and the results compared to data obtained via direct observation with a cone-plate Rheoscope; this laser system is designed to be used with a Contraves LS-30 viscometer and is based on the ektacytometric principle. When compared with the Rheoscope, EI values from the laser system are in close agreement (r = 0.965, 7 normal donors) over a shear stress range of 6.2 to 245.8 dynes/cm2 . Both methods demonstrated decreasing RBC deformability consequent to increasing periods of heat treatment at 48 ∘ …C, with the paired data being fitted by a Y = X relationship. In addition, the laser system clearly demonstrated the expected inverse relation between cell age (i.e., density and cell deformation. The laser system was also used to measure light transmission-shear rate relations and thus to determine the minimum shear rate necessary to induce complete RBC disaggregation (γ ˙ Tmin ); paired studies indicated excellent agreement between this method and results obtained with a Myrenne Aggregometer (r = 0.989, 7 normal donors). In overview, this laser diffraction system offers a useful, relatively low cost method for the measurement of RBC deformability and of RBC aggregation parameters; whole blood and plasma viscosity measurements are also possible via the associated Contraves viscometer. Show more

Keywords: Laser diffraction, aggregometry, rotational viscometer

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8506

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 581-593, 1988

Authors: Puniyani, R.R. | Agashe, V.S. | Annapurna, V. | Daga, S.R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper deals with the study of comparison of haemorheological parameters between normal controls (NC) and cases of chronic infections (INFC) including tuberculosis. The haemorheological parameters studied include haematocrit, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and red cell aggregation. Of all the haemorheological parameters the values of haematocrit, red cell aggregation and red cell rigidity index (Tk) are significantly altered.

Keywords: Chronic infections, red cell aggregation, hacmatocrit, plasma viscosity

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8507

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 595-602, 1988

Authors: Agosti, R. | D’Etturre, M. | Cherubini, P. | Clivati, A. | Bozzoni, M. | Longhini, E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We studied blood and plasma viscosity, hematocrit, erythrocyte aggregation index and plasma protein fractions in 26 healthy subjects. We found a significant positive linear correlation between hematocrit and blood viscosity at each of the considered shear rates (low shear range), and a significant negative linear correlation between hematocrit and erythrocyte aggregation index. Furthermore, we found a significant linear correlation between a multiparameter index and erythrocyte aggregation index so that fibrinogen and a-2-globulins seemed to have an enhancing effect on rouleaux forming whereas albumin and hematocrit seemed to play an opposing role. Physiopathological and clinical aspects of these findings were discussed.

Keywords: erythrocyte aggregation, blood viscosity, hematocrit, low shear, plasma proteins

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8508

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 603-620, 1988

Authors: Cerny, L.C. | Cerny, E.L. | Cerny, C.L. | Reath, M. | Liszczynskyj, M. | Gabel, S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The oxygen-carrying resuscitative fluids called blood substitutes, have been synthesized from a hydroxyethyl starch (HES) modified to a polymeric trialdehyde and hemoglobins (Hgb) which are stabilized with either glyoxalic acid or 1,2-cyclohexanedione. The molecular weights of the starting HES polymers were 450,000, 264,000 and 59,000. The modified HES compounds averaged about 35% aldehyde. After synthesis, the new polymers shifted the P50 from 14.9 mmHg for a 6% Hgb solution to about 35 mmHg. From the preliminary studies in this laboratory, it appears feasible to produce a suitable substance in a freeze-dried form. In vivo experiments included exchange-transfusion in rats …following the hemoglobin retention kinetics in the plasma and the excretion in the urine. The results indicate that these blood substitutes are hemodiluents, can provide adequate oncotic pressure as well as the necessary oxygen transport for animal survival. Using these new polymers, final hematocrits below 15% were much easier to obtain with a vastly improved survival rate. Electrophoretic mobility patterns of the plasma during the transfusion-exchange indicate a step-wise breakdown of the polymer. In some cases, the substitute remained in the plasma up to 72 hours. Show more

Keywords: Hydroxyethyl starch, hemoglobin, blood substitute

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8509

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 621-636, 1988

Authors: Johnson, C.S. | Sowter, M.C. | Stone, P.C.W. | Keidan, A.J. | Stuart, J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The impaired deformability of sickle cells is a consequence of increased cytoplasmic viscosity secondary to cell dehydration and polymerization of haemoglobin S. Cetiedil citrate and oxpentifylline are potential anti-sickling agents that preserve intracellular cations and improve the deformability of sickle cells when they are dehydrated by ionophore-induced loss of intracellular K+ and water. When sickle cells from 19 patients were dehydrated by hyperosmolar stress, without inducing loss of cell cations, neither drug prevented the consequential reduction in cell filterability through 5 µm diameter pores. These drugs will not, therefore, prevent loss of water from erythrocytes in a hypertonic environment …such as the renal medulla or ischaemic tissue. Preservation of erythrocyte K+ content would, however, maintain a higher reserve of cell cations and water to withstand hyperosmolar stress. Show more

Keywords: Rheology, Erythrocyte deformability, Sickle cell anemia

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8510

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 637-648, 1988