Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 32, issue 4

Authors: Komai, Yutaka | Nakano, Atushi | Seki, Junji | Niimi, Hideyuki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Vascular remodeling induced in rat limb by arteriovenous (AV) shunting was investigated by evaluating changes in vascular diameter and cell morphology. In Wistar rats, a vein graft was implanted in situ in the hind limb. Flow‐rate in the grafted vein was assessed by measuring flow in the common femoral artery using an ultrasonic flowmeter. Nuclei and actin filaments of the venous wall were stained with propidium iodine and phalloidine‐FITC, and the samples were observed using confocal laser microscopy. The grafted veins became circular in cross‐section with increase in diameter during two weeks after AV shunting. Owing to the increase in …diameter, the estimated wall shear stress was not increased so much as the flow‐rate. The confocal laser microscopic observation showed that endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the grafted veins were either aligned well (2 out of 8 samples), or ECs were denudated and SMCs were disrupted (in 6 out of 8 samples). The cell density of ECs was unchanged from the control level. In conclusion, the grafted vein was remodeled with morphological changes in ECs and SMCs during 2 weeks after AV shunting. Show more

Keywords: Arteriovenous shunt, confocal laser microscopy, endothelial cell, hemorheological factor, intimal hyperplasia, remodeling, vein graft, wall shear‐stress

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 247-259, 2005

Authors: Jiang, Yuhui | Zeng, Zhu | Sun, Dagong | Ka, Weibo | Wen, Zongyao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) are sentinels of the immune system. They and their precursors undergo complex migration to perform their function in vivo. Binding of DC to vascular endothelial cells in a flow field has not been investigated. We therefore determined adhesion of DC and their precursors, MO, to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under various shear stresses by using a flow chamber system. The results showed that the binding was reduced with developmental stages of DC, which partially depended on CD11a and cell surface charges. The data had potential relevance for anti‐cancer immunotherapy strategies favoring the application of mDC.

Keywords: Dendritic cell, vascular endothelial cell, adhesion molecule, shear stress, surface charge

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 261-268, 2005

Authors: Babu, N. | Singh, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Aggregation properties of normal and diabetic subjects were analyzed by optical scattering under dynamic conditions. Aggregation of erythrocytes was determined using on‐line erythrocyte aggregometer based on sequential analysis of transmitted laser light intensity after passing through the erythrocyte suspension. Diabetes samples were divided into four groups depending upon their blood glucose levels. The aggregation mechanism was determined in terms of aggregation size index, effective number of cells and effective cellular sedimentation duration. These parameters thus obtained were used to quantitatively describe the dynamic nature of aggregation process under gravitational sedimentation. The aggregation parameters decreased in diabetic samples. This indicates that …the aggregation of erythrocytes was significantly increased in diabetes mellitus. These changes may affect flow properties of erythrocytes in the microcirculation. Show more

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, erythrocyte aggregation, hyperglycemia

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 269-277, 2005

Authors: Scardina, G.A. | Carini, F. | Messina, P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Neurogenic Inflammation (NI) is the consequence of amyelinic‐sensitive neuron activation. Recent studies on rats proved that NI could be experimentally induced by topical capsaicin application. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of topical capsaicin application on human periodontal mucosa and to assess if NI might have a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Methods: 15 patients were examined in our laboratory. NI was experimentally induced in the gingival mucosa close to: (1) the interdental papilla corresponding to the upper central incisors; (2) the interdental papilla corresponding to the lower left lateral incisor and canine …after ipsilateral nerve trunk anaesthesia. The characteristics of gingival microcirculation were observed using computerised videocapillaroscopic techniques. Results: axon‐reflected vasodilatation was observed close to the papilla corresponding to the upper central incisors. An important correlation was observed between capsaicin application and capillary tortuosity. No significant modifications in vascular diameter and tortuosity were observed after capsaicin application close to the interdental papilla corresponding to the lower left lateral incisor and canine. Conclusions: the study shows that NI can be induced in human gingiva, and such evidence could be extremely important in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal diseases. Show more

Keywords: Neurogenic inflammation, gingival vasodilatation

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 279-285, 2005

Authors: Wang, Chunling | Li, Hongwei | Fu, Panfeng | Zhang, Shuyang | Xiu, Ruijuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As an in vivo indicator of vascular injuries, circulating endothelial cells (CECs) have been used as a marker of endothelial damage in a variety of vascular disorders. C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive indicator of inflammation. To investigate the presence of CECs in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to evaluate their clinical associations and possible relationship with infection, CECs from peripheral blood were isolated by using immunomagnetic beads coated with antibodies against CD146. Their endothelial origin was confirmed by the positive labeling of von Willebrand Factor (vWF), CD31 and electron microscope. Results showed that CECs number and CRP …level were 52 (28–81.5) cell/ml, 7.98±2.25 mg/l and 10.5 (6–16.5) cell/ml, 1.41±2.05 mg/l in AMI patients (n=37) and health controls (n=42) respectively (p<0.001). The apoptosis rate and necrotic rate of CECs in AMI were 25% and 19%, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between CECs and CRP (r=0.505, p=0.001). CECs numbers did not correlate with age, gender, serum cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, history of cardiovascular disease, or smoking. These results suggest a strong correlation between level of CRP and counts of CECs in patients with AMI. The number of CECs and CRP may be combined to reflecting the endothelial cell injury. Show more

Keywords: Circulating endothelial cell, C‐reactive protein, acute myocardial infarction

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 287-296, 2005

Authors: Matschke, K.

Article Type: Abstract

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 297-327, 2005

Article Type: Other

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 329-333, 2005