Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 21, issue 2

Authors: Labios, Manuel | Martínez, Marcial | Vayá, Amparo | Gabriel, Francisco | Guiral, Victoria | Aznar, Justo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The effect of a binifibrate (Biniwas Retard, Wasserman) on the plasma lipids and hemorheological profile of 30 primary hyperlipemic patients was studied. Our results indicate that the patients under study had evident rheological alterations as well as the expected lipid alterations. Treatment with Biniwas (2 \times 550 mg/day) for six months not only substantially improved the alterations in the lipid balance but also tended to normalize the patients’ hemorheological alterations, and there was a statistically significant correlation between the two effects. Apart from the decrease in plasma viscosity (1.20 \pm 0.05 vs 1.29 \pm …0.07 mPa.s, p<{} 0.001), the most noteworthy effects of Biniwas treatment were the decrease in red blood cell aggregability (8.7 \pm 1.2 vs 9.3 \pm 1.1, p<{} 0.05) and increased deformability (55 \pm 3 vs 47 \pm 5%, p<{} 0.001). Both changes may be due to modifications in the lipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane due to cell‐plasma lipid exchange. Show more

Keywords: Hyperlipemia, hemorheological alterations, binifibrate

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 79-85, 1999

Authors: Nowak, Ewa | Wyrwicz, Grażyna | D\c{a}browski, Zbigniew | Smoleński, Olgierd | Spodaryk, Krzysztof

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Hemodialysis is a method of treatment of patients suffering from terminal renal disease and consists in removing uremic toxins from blood. The influence of hemodialysis on rheological properties of red blood cells was ascertained. We studied the deformability of RBC after density gradient separation of whole blood drawn from patients with renal disease before and after dialysis. The improvement in deformability of cells from the top layers was observed in postdialysis samples.

Keywords: Hemodialysis, reticulocytes, density gradient centrifugation, rheology

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 87-94, 1999

Authors: Mesquita, R. | Gonçalves, M.I. | Dias, S. | Sargento, L. | Saldanha, C. | Martins e Silva, J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Previous studies have documented structural and functional changes induced by ethanol–erythrocyte membrane interaction. In order to perform an in vitro study on the effect of different ethanol concentrations on erythrocyte hemorheologic properties, blood samples were collected from 21 male donors at the Hospital of Santa Maria. Whole blood aliquots were incubated with ethanol solutions of rising concentrations. The following parameters were measured: erythrocyte aggregation, haemoglobin, carboxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit, plasma osmolality and erythrocyte membrane fluidity (fluorescence polarisation probes TMA‐DPH and DPH). With ethanol blood concentrations of 45 mM a rise in plasma osmolality (0.352 Osm/kg H_{2} O vs …0.310 Osm/kg H_{2} O; p<{} 0.001) was verified. With 67 mM concentration a decrease of erythrocyte aggregation (11.03 vs 12.81; p<{} 0.05) and an increase in plasma osmolality (0.380 Osm/kg H_{2} O vs 0.310 Osm/kg H_{2} O; p<{} 0.001) were obtained. In conclusion, ethanol only changes erythrocyte aggregation for a concentration of 67 mM. These data could lead to future changes in therapeutic approaches to situations such as alcoholic coma. Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 95-98, 1999

Authors: Chung, Tze‐Wen | Ho, Chen‐Po

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We exposed erythrocytes in soluble hemoglobin and Fe^{+2} , in which hydroxyl radical (OH\bm{\cdot} ) might be generated, and measured low shear rate viscosity and viscoelasticity of erythrocyte suspensions at Hct of 40%. The quantities of the lipid peroxidation product, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), for oxidized samples were higher than that for control (e.g., 2.20 \pm 0.46 nmol and 1.70 \pm 0.42 nmol, n={} 6, p={} 0.01, respectively). The viscosity values of oxidized erythrocyte suspensions for all tested shear rates were higher than those for the control samples (p<{} 0.05 or better, n={} …6). Dynamic viscosity (\eta' ) of oxidized erythrocyte samples was higher than that of control samples at the tested shear stress of 30 mPa whereas it was not observed in elasticity values (\eta'' ). We tentatively concluded from the study, that oxidized erythrocytes would be more prone to form aggregates and increase viscosity of blood at low shear rates. Therefore, they might impair blood flow in the microcirculation. Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 99-103, 1999

Authors: Szulkowska, E. | Sułek, K. | Kraj, M. | Budziszewska, K. | Żygocki, K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Hemorheological disturbances in patients with monoclonal gammapathies are widely known, but there is little information about microcirculation in these patients. The following study was performed to examine skin microcirculation and its relationship with blood rheology. We analysed both haematological and hemorheological parameters (blood and plasma viscosity, aggregation index and filterability of 1 ml of whole blood) and skin microcirculation in 46 patients with monoclonal gammapathy and 22 healthy controls. Microcirculation on dorsal aspect of the hand was examined with laser Doppler flowmeter. We measured resting flow and biological zero and maximal flow during postischemic hyperaemic reaction after one minute occlusion …on the arm. The same parameters were estimated for CMBC (concentration of moving blood cells). Patients with monoclonal gammapathy are characterised by statistically higher whole blood and plasma viscosities and other hemorheological parameters and disturbed skin microcirculation expressed as statistically significant lower resting flux and impaired reaction for temporary occlusion. Show more

Keywords: Monoclonal gammapathy, blood rheology, skin microcirculation, laser Doppler flowmetry

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 105-112, 1999

Authors: Dalén, T. | Engström, K.G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Autotransfusion of filtered knee drain blood (FKDB) is frequently practised in orthopaedic surgery, but questioned because it contains inflammatory cytokines, contaminants from lysed blood cells, debris and chemicals from the wound. We have studied the microrheology (5 \mu m pore filtration) of FKDB (n={} 23) with versus without the addition of a leukocyte reducing filter (LRF) in line with the drain. As expected the whole blood clogging was reduced (p<{} 0.01) due to the lowered leukocyte number by the LRF. FKDB plasma contains clogging particles of unknown origin. With the LRF the increased plasma clogging was reduced …(p \approx{} 0.05). With resuspended erythrocytes there was an increase in clogging rate in FKDB at 24 hours. This increase was abolished with the addition of the LRF, which may indicate that the erythrocyte trauma results from the incubation together with leukocytes in the drain container. There is a potential for further improvement of the filters in autotransfusion drains. Show more

Keywords: Autotransfusion, erythrocyte, blood cell filtration, knee arthroplasty, drainage, leukocyte‐removal filter

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 113-123, 1999

Authors: Kaul, Dhananjaya K. | Liu, Xiao‐du

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Although the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) plays a dominant role in the rheologic behavior of deoxygenated density‐defined sickle red blood cells (SS RBCs), previous studies have not explored the relationship between the rate of deoxygenation and the bulk viscosity of SS RBCs at a given MCHC. In the present study, we have subjected density‐defined SS classes (i.e., medium‐density SS4 and dense SS5 discocytes) to varying deoxygenation rates. This approach has allowed us to minimize the effects of SS RBC heterogeneity and investigate the effect of deoxygenation rates at a given MCHC. The results show that the percentages of granular …cells, classic sickle cells and holly leaf forms in deoxygenated samples are significantly influenced by the rate of deoxygenation and the MCHC of a given discocyte subpopulation. Increasing the deoxygenation rate using high K^{+} medium (pH 6.8), results in a greater percentage of granular cells in SS4 suspensions, accompanied by a pronounced increase in the bulk viscosity of these cells compared with gradually deoxygenated samples (mainly classic sickle cells and holly leaf forms). The effect of MCHC becomes apparent when SS5 dense cells are subjected to varying deoxygenation rates. At a given deoxygenation rate, SS5 dense discocytes show a greater increase in the percentage of granular cells than that observed for SS4 RBCs. Also, at a given deoxygenation rate, SS5 suspensions exhibit a higher viscosity than SS4 suspensions with fast deoxygenation resulting in maximal increase in viscosity. Although MCHC is the main determinant of SS RBC rheologic behavior, these studies demonstrate for the first time that at a given MCHC, the rate of deoxygenation (hence HbS polymerization rates) further modulates the rheologic behavior of SS RBCs. Thus, both MCHC and the deoxygenation rate may contribute to microcirculatory flow behavior of SS RBCs. Show more

Keywords: Sickle cell anemia, deoxygenation rates, SS RBC rheology

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 125-135, 1999

Authors: Wang, Xiang | Wu, Zezhi | Song, Guanbin | Wang, Hongbing | Long, Mian | Cai, Shaoxi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In three oxidative damaging systems: the diamide‐mercaptoethanol redox modification system (DM), the pyrogallol oxygen free radicals system (PG) and the hypoxanthine‐xanthine oxidase oxygen free radical system (HXO), the effect of erythrocyte membrane oxidative damage on membrane viscoelasticities was investigated with micropipette aspiration method. The experimental results indicated that erythrocyte membrane oxidative damage has a great influence upon the membrane mechanical properties. The oxidative damage led to decrease of contents of membrane protein thiol radical. The scanning of SDS‐PAGE presented that membrane proteins form the higher molecular weight component (HMP) by the cross‐linking of membrane protein thiol radicals that might hinder …the conformational change of membrane protein. This might be the reason for the increased membrane elastic modulus and viscous coefficient upon treating erythrocytes with the oxidative damaging systems. A significant negative logarithm regression relation was found between the membrane elastic modulus, \mu, or viscoefficient, \eta , and the contents of membrane protein thiol radicals. These experimental results suggested that thiol radicals oxidative damage reaction due to the superoxides anions (^{.} O_{2}^{-} ) may be an important molecular mechanism inducing changes of membrane viscoelasticities or whole cell deformability of erythrocyte under physiological and pathological oxidative stress. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocyte, membrane protein, thiol radical, oxidative damage, membrane viscoelasticities, regressive relation

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 137-146, 1999

Authors: Peyreigne, C. | Bouix, D. | Aïssa Benhaddad, A. | Raynaud, E. | Pérez‐Martin, A. | Mercier, J. | Brun, J.F.

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Blood viscosity, hemorheology, erythrocyte deformability, protein‐sparing diet, obesity, ketone bodies

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 147-153, 1999