Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 2, issue 1-2

Authors: Kitabatake, Akira | Inoue, Michitoshi | Asao, Masato | Mishima, Masayoshi | Tanouchi, Jun | Masuyama, Tohru | Hori, Masatsugu | Abe, Hiroshi | Chihara, Kunihiro | Sakurai, Yoshifumi | Senda, Shoichi | Morita, Hisaki | Matsuo, Hirohide

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Intracardiac blood flow dynamics was visualized by a newly developed pulsed Doppler flowmeter combined with an electronic phased-array echocardiograph, which allowed to locate sample sites precisely in the heart and great vessels. Intracardiac blood flow revealed a specific flow pattern to each sample portion and particularly a laminar mode in outflow and inflow tract of the left ventiricle in healthy subjects. In the mitral regurgitations observed was the systolic regurgitant flow into the left atrium, while the diastolic regurgitant flow in the left ve.ntricular outflow tract was observed in the aortic regurgitation. The present study indicates that the pulsed Doppler …technique is effective in noninvasively analyzing the intracardiac flow dynamics in human hearts. Show more

Keywords: Non-invasive visualization, intracardiac blood flow, human heart, pulsed Doppler flowmeter, echocardiograph, aortic regurgitation

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1982-21-211

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 85-91, 1982

Authors: Schmid-Schönbein, H. | Volger, E. | Teitel, P. | Kiesewette, H. | Dauer, U. | Heilmann, L.

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Hemorheological techniques, routine laboratory, rheological risk factors, fibrinogen concentration, plasma viscosity, red cell deformabi1ity

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1982-21-212

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 93-105, 1982

Authors: Nakashima, T. | Tanimura, A. | Nakashima, A.

Article Type: Short Communication

Keywords: Morphology, insudation, human aortic wall, endothelial layer, aging, intimal clearance

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1982-21-213

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 107-108, 1982

Authors: Natsume, Takashi | Tsuchiya, Masayuki | Sakaguchi, Akira | Nakayama, Ryu | Ikeda, Masao

Article Type: Short Communication

Keywords: Blood viscosity, blood pressure, hemodynamics, cardiovascular disorders, hypertension

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1982-21-214

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 109-115, 1982

Authors: Nimura, Yasuharu | Kinoshita, Naokazu | Miyatake, Kunio | Okamoto, Mitsunori | Sakakibara, Hiroshi

Article Type: Short Communication

Keywords: Flow patterns, pulmonary trunk, pulsed Doppler flow meter, two-dimensional echocardiography, transcutaneous approach

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1982-21-215

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 117-124, 1982

Authors: Ninomiya, Ishio | Hirata, Shunji

Article Type: Short Communication

Keywords: Sympathetic nervous control, small artery diameters, rabbit kidney, rabbit ear, angiography

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1982-21-216

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 125-129, 1982

Authors: Caro, C.G.

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: The blood velocity field and sites of occurrence of early atheroma are considered in arterial bifurcations in man. Evidence is increasing that these lesions occur preferentially where wall shear stress is low. Mechanisms are examined which might account for this correlation and also the influence of wall shear stress on the permeability of the arterial intima to macromolecules. Hypertension seemingly favours the development of atheroma, but the focal occurrence of lesions is not readily explained in terms of the arterial blood pressure. A widely held view is that atheroma results from damage to the endothelium and increased influx of lipoprotein, …and interaction of platelets with the damaged wall leading to smooth muscle cell replication and migration. Exposed subendothelium is, however, rarely seen, except over advanced lesions and a theory appears necessary to account for the observed findings in the absence of endothelial damage. Recent studies suggest that the media may offer a barrier to the drainage of material from the subendothelial space to the adventitia and that the transport properties of the media may be influenced by arterial blood pressure and medial smooth muscle tone. Show more

Keywords: Arterial fluid mechanics, atherogenesis, blood velocity field, early atheroma, wall shear stress, absence of endothelial damage

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1982-21-217

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 131-136, 1982

Authors: Chien, Shu

Article Type: Review Article

Keywords: Hemorheology, clinical medicine, clinical biorheology, blood viscosity, red cell aggregation, red cell deformability

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1982-21-218

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 137-142, 1982

Authors: Goldsmith, Harry L. | Karino, Takeshi

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Atherosclerotic lesions and thrombus formation occur preferentially around bifurcations, curved segments and stenoses where flow is likely disturbed and vortices may form. Hence we have studied the detailed flow patterns, and the effects of the associated fluid mechanical stresses existing at such sites on the aggregation and wall adhesion of corpuscles using microrheological techniques and a newly developed method for making large arteries and veins transparent. The annular vortex formed downstream of a model stenosis was found to provide favorable conditions for spontaneous aggregation and enhanced adhesion of platelets onto the vessel wall. Similar flow patterns were observed in the …pockets of venous valves where venous thrombi are suspected to originate. Formation of standing vortices was also found in dog aortas at each branching site and in the sinus of the human internal-external carotid artery bifurcation under physiological flow conditions. Show more

Keywords: Microrheology, clinical medicine, atherosclerosis, thrombus formation, blood flow patterns, fluid mechanical stresses

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1982-21-219

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 143-155, 1982

Authors: Niimi, H. | Yamakawa, T. | Hanai, S. | Minamiyama, M.

Article Type: Short Communication

Keywords: Atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque, endothelial cell structure, blood flow, wall shear stress, hypertension risk factor

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1982-21-220

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 157-161, 1982

Authors: Stoltz, J.F.

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: In order to understand blood circulation, knowledge of the rheological properties of blood is required. However, the characteristic parameters which must be considered differ according to the circulatory region investigated. A distinction must therefore be made between the macrorheological parameters (viscosity, viscoelasticity) and the microrheological parameters (aggregation, cell deform ability). As far as the microrheological parameters are concerned, red blood cell deformability is quite definitely the most important parameter in any physiophathological study of capillary circulation and the resulting exchanges. The main intrinsic parameters of R.B.C. deform ability are: – internal viscosity of the cell (concentration and physico-chemical …properties of hemoglobin) – surface/volume ratio. The surface of the membrane is 50% greater than that of a sphere with the same volume as the erythrocyte (90µm3 ); deformations at constant volume are therefore possible, – membrane properties related to the lipid bi-layer (changes in composition or structure) or to the cytoskeleton. Abnormal erythrocyte microrheology may result from alterations of anyone of these three parameters and would affect the ability of the cell to transit in capillaries. Disturbances of red blood cell deform ability are encountered in many clinical cases and mainly: – during anomalies relating to hemoglobin structure or its oxygen affinity – in constitutional deficiency of the memr.cane – during degenerative cardiovascular diseases or diseases which are considered to be atherosclerosis risk factors. The significance of the determinants of R. B.C. deformability in microcirculation and the clinical and pharmacological applications are discussed. internal viscosity of the cell (concentration and physico-chemical properties of hemoglobin) surface/volume ratio. The surface of the membrane is 50% greater than that of a sphere with the same volume as the erythrocyte (90µm3 ); deformations at constant volume are therefore possible, membrane properties related to the lipid bi-layer (changes in composition or structure) or to the cytoskeleton. during anomalies relating to hemoglobin structure or its oxygen affinity in constitutional deficiency of the memr.cane during degenerative cardiovascular diseases or diseases which are considered to be atherosclerosis risk factors. Show more

Keywords: Rheological properties, macrorheological parameters, microrheological parameters, R.B.C. deformabi1ity, hemoglobin structure

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1982-21-221

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 163-173, 1982