Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 19, issue 1

Authors: Famodu, A.A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Haemorheological parameters and euglobulin lysis time (ELT) were assessed in eighty‐one adult asthmatic patients, 27 in stable state (19 with genotype AA and 8 heterozygous AS), 27 during attack (13 homozygous AA and 13 heterozygous AS) and 27 normal healthy individuals as control group (16 homozygous AA and 11 heterozygous AS). Packed cell volume (PCV), plasma fibrinogen concentration (PFC) and plasma viscosity (PV) were significantly higher in asthmatic patients during attack and stable state (p<0.001) , respectively, than controls. ELT was higher in controls (p<0.001) than in asthmatic patients during attack. Asthmatic patients during attack have higher …PCV, PV, PFC and ELT (p<0.001) , respectively, than patients in stable state. The female have significantly higher PCV (p<0.001) than male in the control group. Male asthmatic patients have higher PCV and PFC during attack (p<0.001) . Controls with haemoglobin AA have higher PCV (p<0.001) and lower PFC (p<0.001) and ELT (p<0.001) than the control group with haemoglobin AS. Asthmatic patients in stable state have lower PFC (p<0.001) and plasma viscosity (PV) than AS. The disturbances of fibrinolysis and haemorheology may be a contributory factor in the pathology and aetiology of intermittent bronchospasm episodes during attack. Show more

Keywords: Fibrinolytic activity, asthmatic patients, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, homozygous AA, heterozygous AS

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-5, 1998

Authors: Almará, A. | Valverde, J. | Gennaro, A.M. | Luquita, A. | Rasia, R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The effect of complement (C) on the erythrocyte deformability was investigated. Sheep erythrocytes (E) were sensitized with specific antibodies (A) and treated with various doses of human C. Gravity filtration of unlysed EAC showed a C dose‐dependent decrease in whole cell deformability, which was shown to be due to an impairment of the membrane rheological properties. As the fluidity of the lipid bilayer, sensed by a spin label, was not modified, the observed effects should be related to an interaction between C and the cytoskeleton. The influence of C3b and C3d in these processes seems unlikely, as similar hemagglutination titers …were found, respectively, for anti‐C3c and anti‐C3d antisera against the varying EAC. The study of the degree of spontaneous hemolysis of EAC in buffers with solutes of different Stokes radii showed that differing‐sized functional C lesions were produced, and that the formation of larger‐sized lesions was favored by incubation with higher C doses. These results suggest that the insertion of proteins from the membrane attack complex, C5b–9 (MAC), into the erythrocyte membrane may be responsible for the effect of C on the rheological properties of the erythrocyte membrane. Show more

Keywords: Complement, erythrocyte filterability, erythrocyte deformability

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 7-16, 1998

Authors: Sahu, S. | Nageswari, K. | Banerjee, R. | Puniyani, R.R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Hemorheological parameters of childhood nephrotic syndrome cases, in relapse and remission (n=60 in each group), were studied and their results were compared with those of an equal number of age and sex matched normal children free from any renal disease. During relapse, it was noticed that the viscosity parameters, viz. plasma viscosity, red cell rigidity and whole blood viscosity, were deranged when compared to the values obtained in the remission period. These observations were statistically analyzed using t ‐test with the level of significance p=0.05 . It was also noted that serum/plasma biochemistry played an important …role with regards to the fluidity of blood. During relapse period, fibrinogen level was significantly high, which persisted at a high level even during remission when compared to normal controls. The high cholesterol and triglyceride levels during relapse were responsible for a high plasma viscosity, increased red cell rigidity and thereby contributed directly to a marked increase in whole blood viscosity. Total protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased during relapse when compared to remission period. Hence, hemorheological parameters can be used for early detection of cases prone to relapse and could be of prognostic significance. Show more

Keywords: Blood viscosity, nephrotic syndrome, albumin

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 17-20, 1998

Authors: Banerjee, R. | Nageshwari, K. | Puniyani, R.R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Red cell rigidity is an important hemorheological parameter determining the passage of erythrocyte through narrow capillaries and the reduction of blood viscosity under high shear rates. The changes in red cell rigidity in various diseases of altered blood flow – hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), using equal sample sizes of 25 each, have been analysed in this paper. One of the essential elements of red cell rigidity is the structural and functional properties of erythrocyte membrane which, in turn, is determined by the membrane biochemistry. Since cholesterol‐rich erythrocytes have increased rigidity, the serum …cholesterol and triglycerides levels have been monitored in order to detect the extent to which they affect red cell rigidity. No significant change in red cell rigidity have been found in CVA. RBC rigidity is found to be significantly increased in the other diseases. Significant increase in triglyceride levels have been found in all the diseases studied. Cholesterol levels were significantly increased in all diseases except CVA. Hence, increased cholesterol levels have been found to consistently cause a simultaneous increase in RBC rigidity. Triglycerides levels, on the other hand, have not shown a consistent change with changes in RBC rigidity, but have been shown to be a more sensitive marker for early detection of diseased status. Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 21-24, 1998

Authors: Wang, X. | Liao, F.L. | Stoltz, J.F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate a new automatic cone–plate viscometer (LBY‐N6, PRECIL, Beijing, China) which was designed for clinical measurements of blood and plasma viscosities. Standard calibrating oils of viscosity varying from 1.85 to 20.5 mPa\, s (conforming to ASTM Standard) were used to test the precision and reproducibility of the device. Then the viscometer was used to measure blood and plasma viscosities. The results were compared with those obtained with a conventional Couette viscometer and a capillary viscometer. The results showed that this new viscometer gave good values of viscosity for standard oils with …relative errors lower than 10% at shear rates ranging from 20 to 200 s^{-1} . It also had a good reproducibility (standard deviations <3\% in most cases). Only the results at low shear rates (<\!10 s^{-1} ) were less identical. As for blood, the relative difference between the results given by LBY‐N6 and those obtained by Low Shear 30 was less than 10% at high shear rates. This difference decreased with shear rate and could be partly caused by viscoelastic and thixotropic properties of human blood. A small difference between the values of plasma viscosity obtained by LBY‐N6 and the capillary viscometer AMTEC was also observed. In conclusion, this new viscometer can be used a routine tool to determine quickly plasma and blood viscosities in clinical practice at shear rates higher than 20 s^{-1} . Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 25-31, 1998

Authors: Reister, Frank | Heyl, Wolfgang | Reister, Barbara | Funk, Andreas | Schröder, Willibald | Mann, Helmut | Rath, Werner

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We report on Doppler sonographic findings of a dialysis patient with renal anemia during otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy. Uteroplacental and fetoplacental flow relationships before, as well as after the dialysis treatments during the course of the pregnancy were in the normal range. The favorable flow condition in the utero‐ and fetoplacental circulation was associated with a low hematocrit. This in accordance with previous reports indicates a more favorable maternal and fetal outcome in association with a low hematocrit/hemoglobin concentration.

Keywords: Dialysis, pregnancy, Doppler sonography, hematocrit

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 33-37, 1998

Authors: Dolobáč, M. | Nicák, A. | Mojžiš, J. | Mirossay, L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The ionic hemolysis in healthy babies during the first year of life was studied. The hemolysis in low as well as high ionic strength was observed. It was found that the hemolysis in low ionic strength is lower during the first year of life in comparison with adults. However, hemolysis in high ionic strength was significantly lower only between 1–15 days old newborns. The ionic hemolysis in relation to the other biophysical factors in newborns is discussed.

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 39-42, 1998

Authors: Vayá, Amparo | Martínez, Marcial | Guillén, Marisa | Dalmau, Jaime | Aznar, Justo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to ascertain whether young familial hypercholesterolemic subjects without atherosclerotic lesions demonstrable on a carotid echo‐Doppler show decreased erythrocyte deformability, we determined the erythrocyte elongation index (EEI) by means of a shear stress diffractometer (Rheodyn SSD) in twenty‐four children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), aged 12\pm 3 years, and their corresponding affected parent. The parents were twenty‐three adults with heterozygous FH aged, 32\pm 6 years. The control group was made up of a similar number of well matched healthy volunteers. The EEI at 6, 12, 30 and 60 Pa showed no statistical differences between FH …children and their control group, or between FH parents and their control group. No correlations were found between EEI and plasma lipids or lipoproteins at any of the shear stresses used. These results suggest that the red blood cells of young familial hypercholesterolemic subjects who show no deterioration of the vascular tree are not less deformable than those of healthy normolipemic subjects, and that dyslipemia itself does not produce alterations that damage the rheological properties of the red blood cell. Show more

Keywords: Familial hypercholesterolemia, erythrocyte deformability, Rheodyn shear stress diffractometer

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 43-48, 1998

Authors: Hardeman, M.R. | van der Kleij, A.J.

Article Type: Other

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 49-81, 1998