Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 11, issue 5

Authors: Rampling, M. W. | Brown, J. R. | Robinson, R. J. | Feher, M. D. | Cholerton, S. | Sever, P. S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Rheological measurements were made on the blood of 22 chronic cigarette smokers (8 males, 14 females) 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after complete abstention from smoking. Significant reductions were observed in blood viscosity at both high and low shear rates and in plasma viscosity. These changes could be related to alterations in packed cell volume and plasma fibrinogen concentration, both of which fell significantly over the same period. The male and female groups responded similarly. These data indicate that a significant improvement occurs in rheologically-related cardiovascular risk factors in cigarette smokers within two weeks of abstaining from tobacco.

Keywords: Haemorheology, blood viscosity, smoking, tobacco

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11521

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 441-446, 1991

Authors: Bernasconi, C. | Del Santo, A. | Marrali, F. | Laffranchi, M. | Milani, S. | Agostoni, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to define normal reference limits of a power law fitting method for evaluating whole blood viscosity, 110 healthy subjects were studied. We found that whole blood viscosity and blood viscosity standardized for hematocrit and plasma viscosity influence were significantly different in adult males, adult females and subjects over 60 years old (p<0.0001). In our opinion, it was also possible to distinguish blood viscosity differences into red blood cells aggregability and deformability components.

Keywords: blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, sex, age

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11522

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 447-457, 1991

Authors: Zong-Yao, Wen | Zu-Lai, Tao | Shi, Cao | yu-Heng, Zhao | Zhan-Shan, Han | Yu-Mei, Li | Shu-Hua, Lu | Hong-ru, Wang | Jia-Ling, Xu | Gong, Li | Gui-Fen, Yu | Ben-Jie, Wu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to find a new suspending medium for Ektacytometric measurement, comparisons of measured rheological properties of erythrocyte suspension in different buffers were carried out. Two kinds of buffer were used, e.g. PBS and PVP. And four types of erythrocyte were measured by using both suspending media, namely: normal rabbit's erythrocytes (RBC), rabbit's RBC hardened by formalin with different concentrations, rabbit's RBC treated by trypsin and human erythrocyte sampled from patients. Microscopic and scanning electron microscopic photographs of erythrocytes rigidizied at constant shear rate were observed. Results showed that (1) for everyone of the these four kinds of erythrocytes, measured …deformation index (D1)—shear rate ($\dot{\gamma}$ ) curves in PBS are similar qualitatively to those measured in PVP. (2) Microscopic and scanning electron microscopic photographs showed that erythrocytes indeed deformed when the shear rate of flow field for PBS was as low as $\dot{\gamma}=20s^{-1}$ . It indicated that PBS could be used as suspending medium. On the contrary when we used PVP ($\dot{\eta}=2$ mPas Fig. 1 [1]) as suspending medium at $\dot{\gamma}=800s^{-1}$ , no obvious deformation could be obtained by using Ektacytometer. It seems to mean that, as the suspending medium for Ektacytometric measurement, PBS would be better than PVP, especially in low shear stress area. This point of view is different from that of privous works [2] which do 1101 consider PBS as suspending medium of Ektacytometer. Show more

Keywords: deformability, Suspending medium, Ektacytometric

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11523

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 459-464, 1991

Authors: Roux, Jacques | Dumont, Jean-Maurice | Aellig, Alain | Imamura, Toshiko

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The effect of subcutaneous treatment of turpentine on hemorheological parameters was studied ex vivo in rats. A dose-response study (0.2 to 5 ml/kg) was performed on a series of parameters: whole blood apparent viscosity, plasma viscosity, plasma fibrinogen content, total plasma protein, hematocrit, erythrocyte aggregation and filterability. Significant alterations of all hemorheological parameters were observed 24 hrs after the turpentine treatment except for erythrocyte filterability and hematocrit values. In most cases, these alterations were significant (p<0.01) for doses higher than 0.3 ml/kg, with a maximum effect usually observed for a dose ≥ 1 ml/kg. These hemorheological alterations were still present …48 hrs after turpentine treatment and in the same order of magnitude. Thus, the present study demonstrated for the first time that turpentine treatment induced significant alterations of hemorheological parameters in dose-dependent manner, probably via an increase in plasma protein components. Show more

Keywords: Turpentine oil, inflammation, hemorheology, animal model

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11524

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 465-477, 1991

Authors: Scheffler, A. | Steinbach, U. | Rieger, H.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Whether erythrocyte deformability is reduced in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease (POAD) is discussed controversially. Within this study erythrocyte filterability through microfilters with different pore diameters (3, 5, and 8 μm) was investigated in patients with POAD and age-matched healthy volunteers under physiological and ischaemia-related boundary conditions (lactate acidosis, hypercapnia, hypoxia, hyperosmolarity). 70 subjects were assigned to two control and three POAD groups characterized by varying combinations of risk factors (smoking, diabetes mellitus). Red blood cells (RBC) were suspended in four different media (pH/ mosmol *l−1 : 7.4/ 300, 7.4/400, 6.5/300, 6.5/400) containing a physiological bicarbonate buffer adequately …gased with O2 /CO2 /N2 . Mean hematocrit-corrected relative erythrocyte transit times (RCTT) and concentrations of clogging particles (CP) were measured by means of the St. George's Filtrometer. In agreement with previous reports, filtration data varied with erythrocyte volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) used as estimates of surface area-to-volume ratio (SAVR) and inner viscosity (IV) of RBC, respectively. While RBC filtration rates were dominated by IV in 5 and 8 μm pores they were mainly limited by SAVR in 3 μm pores. For RCTT statistically significant differences between controls and POAD patients could not be found. CP correlated with leucocyte counts of the suspensions if filterability was not primarily limited by MCV. A quantitative agreement among these parameters, however, was only obtained in 8 μm pores and, therefore, interactions between both erythrocytes themselves and erythrocytes and leucocytes should have contributed to filter obstruction. For CP statistically significant differences were only found between controls and diabetic POAD patients in whom also higher leucocyte counts were registered. It is concluded that in clinical or pharmacological studies of RBC filterability the most important in-vitro boundary conditions (milieu, filter pore size) should be varied in order to account for the complex and partially antagonistical relationships between erythrocyte properties and pore geometry as well as blood cell interactions. Because the capillary morphology of ischaemic tissue areas is usually not known or may be subjected to dynamic alterations the meaning of the invitro filterability with respect to the in-vivo microcirculation is additionally insecured. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocyte Filterability, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Ischaemia, Pore Size, Microcirculation

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11525

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 479-495, 1991

Authors: Dikmenoğlu, N. | Başkurt, O.K. | Levi, E. | Çağlayan, S. | Güler, S.

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Sulfur dioxide, erythrocyte deformability, lipid peroxidation

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11526

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 497-499, 1991

Authors: Keeling, D. | Isenberg, D. | Patterson, K.

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Plasma viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, systemic lupus erythematosus

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11527

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 501-506, 1991

Authors: Zong-Yao, Wen | Shi, Cao | Zu-Lai, Tao | Yu-Heng, Zhao | Yu-Mei, Li | Shu-Hua, Lu | hong-Rut, Wang | Jia-Ling, Xu | Gong, Li | Gui-Fen, Yu | Ben-lie, Wu

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Osmostic presure, deformability, Ektacytometric osmoscan curve

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11528

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 507-510, 1991

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11529

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 511-512, 1991

Article Type: Abstract

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11530

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 513-521, 1991

Article Type: Abstract

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11531

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 523-564, 1991

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11532

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 565-565, 1991

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11533

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 567-567, 1991