Biofactors - Volume 21, issue 1-4

Authors: Tsuji, Kentaro | Kawai, Yoshichika | Kato, Yoji | Osawa, Toshihiko

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The primary amino groups of biomolecules such as aminophospholipids, as well as proteins, are the potential targets of covalent modifications by lipid peroxidation products; however, little attention has been paid to the modification of aminophospholipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The purpose of this study is to characterize the formation of a novel modified phospholipid, N-(hexanoyl)phosphatidylethanolamine (HEPE), in the reaction of PE with lipid hydroperoxides using mass spectrometric analyses. Upon reaction of egg …PE with 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid or other oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids followed by phospholipase D-mediated hydrolysis, the formation of N-(hexanoyl)ethanolamine (HEEA), a head group of HEPE, was confirmed by isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, increasing HEEA was detected in the hydrolysates of oxidized erythrocyte ghosts and low-density lipoprotein with their increasing lipid peroxidation levels. Collectively, these results suggest that the N-hexanoylated product of phospholipid, HEPE, can be generated during lipid peroxidation and may serve as one mechanism for the covalent modification of aminophospholipids in vivo. Show more

Keywords: lipid peroxidation, aminophospholipid, amide-type adduct, oxidative modification, LC/MS/MS

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 21, no. 1-4, pp. 263-266, 2004

Authors: Hwang, Keum Hee | Kim, Young-Kyoon

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We examined the effects of the fruit of M. alba extracts on the changes of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities during and after the physical exercise in rat. Each activity was measured by used serotonin(5-HT) and benzylamine as substrate. Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity and the concentrations of lactate in blood which were clinical indexes of physical exercise were also determined to compare with the relation of MAO activities. Those activities during and after the physical exercise have …different tendency in each other enzyme. MAO-A activity was sharply decreased with stress by physical activities compared to the normal group, whereas MAO-B activity was increased for 60 minutes after exercise. All of these indexes were recovered to normal state by oral administration of extract of M. alba. These results of this study suggested M. alba may modulate the MAO activities during exercise and promote the capability of physical activities and show anti-stress effect. In general, MAO inhibitors have been used drugs for the purpose of treatment Parkinson's disease, dementia, deprression. These results can apply to produce the health and functional foods that have modulating effects for these diseases. Show more

Keywords: monoamine oxidase(MAO), serotonin(5-HT), exercise, anti-stress effect, Morus alba

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 21, no. 1-4, pp. 267-271, 2004

Authors: Iwai, Kunihisa | Kim, Mi-Yeon | Onodera, Akio | Matsue, Hajime

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The fruit of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb, called gamazumi in Japan, showed the strong antioxidant activities, and its preventive effects on oxidative stress and active ingredients were investigated. Male rats were subjected to water immersion restraint stress for 6 hours, after ingestion of the gamazumi crude extract (GCE) for 2 weeks. The formation of gastric ulcer was reduced, and the lipid peroxidation in plasma and organs also lowered in rats ingested GCE. In the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats …given GCE for 10 weeks, inhibition of lipid peroxidation in plasma, erythrocytes and organs was observed, and the increase of plasma glucose level also lowered. On the other hand, two cyanidin glycosides, two chlorogenic acids and quercetin were identified, and especially cyanidin 3-sambubioside (Cy 3-sam) showed the strong radical scavenging activity. It is suggested that Cy 3-sam is a key compound contributing to the physiological effects of V. dilatatum fruit. Show more

Keywords: Viburnum dilatatum, cyanidin 3-sambubioside, antioxidant, radical scavenging, diabetes

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 21, no. 1-4, pp. 273-275, 2004

Authors: Nishimura, Hiroyuki | Higuchi, Ohki | Tateshita, Koutaro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Sulfur-containing compounds contributing to health promotion in Allium species are produced via enzymic and thermochemical reactions. Sulfur-containing amino acids and volatile organosulfur compounds were prepared for an antioxidative assay. The inhibitory activity of S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteines and their sulfoxides, volatile alk(en)yl disulfides and trisulfides, and vinyldithiins in Allium species against lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) formation in human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was examined. It was elucidated that the alk(en)yl substituents (methyl, propyl, and allyl) and …the number of sulfur atoms in the compounds were important for the antioxidative activity. 3,4-Dihydro-3-vinyl-1,2-dithiin, which is produced by a thermochemical reaction of allyl 2-propenethiosulfinate, exhibited the highest antioxidative activity of human LDL among sulfur-containing compounds. Show more

Keywords: Allium species, sulfur-containing compounds, antioxidative activity, life-style-related diseases, low-density lipoprotein

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 21, no. 1-4, pp. 277-280, 2004

Authors: Xiufen, Wang | Hiramatsu, Naoko | Matsubara, Mai

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The objective of this research was to examine the radical scavenging activity of traditional Japanese herbs. Samples used in the experiments were gennoshoko (Geranium nepalense var. thunbergii), yomogi (Artemisia vulgaris var.indica), senburi (Swertia japonica), iwa-tobacco (Conandron ramondioides), sarunokoshikake (Elfvingia applanata), kanzo (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) and matatabi (Actinidia polygama). The water-soluble components of the herbs were extracted in boiling water, and the volatile oil was extracted by a distillation apparatus or steeping in …some organic solvents such as petroleum ether and ethyl ether. The radical scavenging activity was determined by the decrease of free radicals of DPPH detected by both colorimetric assay and HPLC method at 517~nm. The extracts of gennoshoko, yomogi and iwa-tobacco showed remarkable radical scavenging activity. The volatile oil of yomogi obtained by distillation or steeping in organic solvents had especially strong antioxidative activity. Show more

Keywords: antioxidant, gennoshoko, yomogi, iwa-tobacco, DPPH

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 21, no. 1-4, pp. 281-284, 2004

Authors: Lee, Eun-Jung | Jang, Hae-Dong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) was extracted by refluxing with water and 75% ethanol as a solvent. Antioxidant activity and protective effect on DNA strand scission were investigated by using different antioxidant assay systems and DNA strand nicking assay, respectively. 75% Ethanol extract has higher content of total soluble phenolics and flavonoid than water extract. Antioxidant activities such as hydrogen donating capacity and scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide were higher in 75% ethanol extract than in water …extract except the rate constant with hydroxyl radical. Peroxyl radical induced DNA strand scission was prevented by both 75% ethanol and water extract and hydroxyl radical induced DNA strand scission was not. This result indicates that total soluble phenolics, specially flavonoid, of Rooibos tea are responsible for several kinds of antioxidant activities and preventive activity on peroxyl radical induced DNA strand scission. Show more

Keywords: rooibos tea, total soluble phenolics, antioxidant activity, protective effect on DNA strand scission

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 21, no. 1-4, pp. 285-292, 2004

Authors: Masuda, Yuki | Kikuzaki, Hiroe | Hisamoto, Masashi | Nakatani, Nobuji

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) shows an antioxidant activity, and we have been engaging to determine the structures of more than 50 antioxidants isolated from the rhizomes of ginger. The isolated antioxidants are divided into two groups; gingerol related compounds and diarylheptanoids. In this study, structure-activity relationship of gingerol related compounds was evaluated. Gingerol related compounds substituted with an alkyl group bearing 10-, 12- or 14-carbon chain length were isolated from the dichloromethane …extract of rhizomes using repeated chromatographic techniques. The antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated by the following measurements; 1) 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2) inhibitory effect on oxidation of methyl linoleate under aeration and heating by the Oil Stability Index (OSI) method, and 3) inhibitory effect on oxidation of liposome induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH). These results suggested that the substituents on the alkyl chain might contribute to both radical scavenging effect and inhibitory effect of autoxidation of oils, while inhibitory effects against the AAPH-induced peroxidation of liposome was somewhat influenced by the alkyl chain length; the antioxidant activity might be due to not only radical scavenging activity of antioxidants but also their affinity of the antioxidants to the substrates. Show more

Keywords: ginger, gingerol related compounds, antioxidant, DPPH radical, Oil Stability Index, liposome

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 21, no. 1-4, pp. 293-296, 2004

Authors: Myojin, Chiho | Yamaguchi, Tomoko | Takamura, Hitoshi | Matoba, Teruyoshi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Vegetables are rich source of antioxidative components such as ascorbic acid and polyphenols, which scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species and prevent life-style related diseases. In this work, the changes of radical-scavenging activity in shredded red and green cabbage leaves during storage were determined as well as ascorbic acid and polyphenol contents. Shredded cabbage leaves were stored at 10°C for 7 days in the presence or absence of oxygen. Radical-scavenging activity, ascorbic acid content, …and polyphenol content of shredded cabbage leaves remained for 7 days in the presence and absence of oxygen. These results demonstrate that the radical-scavenging activity, ascorbic acid, and polyphenols are stable in shredded cabbage leaves and that oxygen does not affect the activity and active components. Show more

Keywords: radical-scavenging activity, cabbage, shredded vegetable

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 21, no. 1-4, pp. 297-299, 2004

Authors: Ngoc Ly, Tram | Shimoyamada, Makoto | Kato, Koji | Yamauchi, Ryo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Antioxidative compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of fresh rhizome of smaller galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance). Seven phenylpropanoids (1–7) were obtained and their structures were elucidated by MS and NMR analyses. They comprised the two known compounds, (E)-p-coumaryl alcohol γ-O-methyl ether (1) and (E)-p-coumaryl alcohol (6); and the five novel compounds, stereoisomers of (4E)-1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-pentene (2a and 2b), stereoisomers of (4E)-1,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-ethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-pentene (3a and 3b), …(4E)-1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-[(2E)-3-(4-acetoxyphenyl)-2-propenoxy]-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-pentene (4), (4E)-1,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-penten-1-ol (5), and (4E)-1,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-penten-1-ol (7). Compounds 1–7 were detected for the first time as constituents of galanga rhizomes and exhibited antioxidative activities against the autoxidation of methyl linoleate in bulk phase. Show more

Keywords: antioxidant, phenylpropanoid, coumaryl alcohol, galanga, Alpinia officinarum Hance

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 21, no. 1-4, pp. 305-308, 2004

Authors: Kayano, Shin-ichi | Kikuzaki, Hiroe | Yamada, Naoko Fukutsuka | Aoki, Asuka | Kasamatsu, Kumi | Yamasaki, Yuka | Ikami, Takao | Suzuki, Tomoo | Mitani, Takahiko | Nakatani, Nobuji

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Prunes contain large amounts of phenolics and show high antioxidant activity. The aim of this study is to clarify the contents of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) isomers, and to estimate the contribution of these isomers to the antioxidant activity of prunes. Furthermore, structural elucidation and evaluation of antioxidant activity of prune components were also performed. CQA isomers in prunes were quantified by HPLC analysis, and it has become apparent that prunes contain relatively high amount of …4-O-caffeoylquinic acid. The contribution of CQA isomers to the antioxidant activity of prunes was revealed to be 28.4% on the basis of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC); hence, it was indicated that residual ORAC is dependent on unknown antioxidant components. Total 28 compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS analyses. Four abscisic acid related compounds, a chromanon, and a bipyrrole were novel. Each CQA isomer in prunes showed high antioxidant activities when measured by the oil stability index (OSI) method, O_2^- scavenging activity, and ORAC. Other isolated compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acids, benzoic acids, coumarins, lignans, and flavonoid showed high ORAC values. Furthermore, a novel chromanon indicated a remarkable synergistic effect on ORAC of CQA isomers. Show more

Keywords: prunes (Prunus domestica L.), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), HPLC, chromanon, abscisic acid related compounds, bipyrrole, hydroxycinnamic acids, benzoic acids, coumarins, lignans, flavonoid

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 21, no. 1-4, pp. 309-313, 2004