The big sell: Managing stigma and workplace discrimination following moderate to severe brain injury

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Stergiou-Kita, Mary^{a; b; c; *} | Grigorovich, Alisa^{a; b} | Damianakis, Thecla^d | Le Dorze, Guylaine^{e; f} | David, Christine^g | Lemsky, Carolyn^g | Hebert, Debbie^{a; b}

Affiliations: [a] Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada | [b] Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada | [c] Institute of Work and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada | [d] School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada | [e] School of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada | [f] Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada | [g] Community Head Injury Resources, Toronto, ON, Canada

Correspondence: [*] Address for correspondence: Mary Stergiou-Kita, PhD, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. Tel.: +1 416 946 3249; Fax: +1 416 946 8570; E-mail: mary.kita@utoronto.ca.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Misperceptions regarding persons with brain injuries (PWBI) can lead to stigmatization, workplace discrimination and, in turn, influence PWBIs full vocational integration. OBJECTIVE: In this study we explored how stigma may influence return-to-work processes, experiences of stigma and discrimination at the workplace for persons with (moderate to severe) brain injuries, and strategies that can be employed to manage disclosure. METHODS: Exploratory qualitative study; used in-depth interviews and an inductive thematic analytical approach in data analysis. Ten PWBI and five employment service providers participated. PWBI discussed their work experiences, relationships with supervisors and co-workers and experiences of stigma and/or discrimination at work. Employment service providers discussed their perceptions regarding PWBI’s rights and abilities to work, reported incidents of workplace discrimination, and how issues related to stigma, discrimination and disclosure are managed. RESULTS: Three themes were identified: i) public, employer and provider knowledge about brain injury and beliefs about PWBI; ii) incidents of workplace discrimination; iii) disclosure. Misperceptions regarding PWBI persist amongst the public and employers. Incidents of workplace discrimination included social exclusion at the workplace, hiring discrimination, denial of promotion/demotion, harassment, and failure to provide reasonable accommodations. Disclosure decisions required careful consideration of PWBI needs, the type of information that should be shared, and the context in which that information is shared. CONCLUSIONS: Public understanding about PWBI remains limited. PWBI require further assistance to manage disclosure and incidents of workplace discrimination.

Keywords: Head injury, brain injury, work, stigma, workplace discrimination

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-172556

Journal: Work, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 245-258, 2017