Turkish cross-cultural adaptation, construct validity, and reliability of the treatment expectations in chronic pain scale

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Aytar, Ayça^{a; *} | Altintas, Atahan^b | Gercek, Hasan^c | Sarak, Hazal^d | Pagé, M. Gabrielle^{e; f} | Aytar, Aydan^g

Affiliations: [a] Health Services Vocational School, Baskent University, Bağlıca Kampüsü Fatih Sultan Mahallesi Eskişehir Yolu Ankara, Turkey | [b] Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Baskent University, Bağlıca Kampüsü Fatih Sultan Mahallesi Eskişehir Yolu Ankara, Turkey | [c] Health Vocational School, KTO Karatay University, Karatay Konya, Turkey | [d] Gulhane Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Program, Ankara, Turkey | [e] Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, & Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Universite de Montreal, Montreal | [f] Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada | [g] Gulhane Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey

Correspondence: [*] Address for correspondence: Ayça Aytar, PT, PhD, Assoc. Prof, Baskent University, Health Services Vocational School, Bağlıca Kampüsü Fatih Sultan Mahallesi Eskişehir Yolu 18.km TR 06790 Ankara, Turkey. E-mail: aycaaytar@baskent.edu.tr.

Abstract: BACKGROUND:Measuring treatment expectations using the Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain (TEC) scale has the potential to help clinicians and researchers better understand the role that treatment expectations play within the framework of multimodal pain management settings. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to determine the cross-cultural adaptation, construct validity and reliability of the TEC Scale in the Turkish language. METHODS:The study included 191 volunteers aged 22–65 with chronic musculoskeletal diseases. This study composed of a six-stage cross-cultural adaptation process, which included translation, translation synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, pre-testing and documentation submission. The Positivity Scale and Illness Cognition Questionnaire were used to measure convergent validity while the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to test divergent validity. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the TEC scale was examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Scale’s internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha. Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to evaluate both convergent and divergent validity. The significance level was set at p < .05. RESULTS:The results of the CFA showed that factor structure of predicted subscale fitted well the data (x2/df = 3,07;CFI = 0,91,IFI = 0,91 TLI = 0,87,RMSEA = 0,10). The results of the CFA indicated that factor structure of ideal subscale fitted well with the data (x2/df = 2,38;CFI = 0,92,IFI = 0,93,TLI = 0,90,RMSEA = 0,08). Both subscales of the TEC were strongly correlated. The predicted subscale had moderate relationships to depression, anxiety, and positivity (r = -0.37 to r = 0.55) but poor correlations with measures of acceptance, perceived benefits and helplessness (r = -0.24 to 0.35). The ideal subscale had moderate correlations with measures of positivity (r = 0.36) and depression (r = -0.38) but poor correlations with measures of acceptance, perceived benefits helplessness and anxiety (r = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS:The Turkish version of the TEC scale is acceptable, valid, and reliable for use in Turkish patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain in physiotherapy outpatient practice.

Keywords: Chronic pain, pain management, pain assessments, validity and reliability, expectations, beliefs

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240134

Journal: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024