Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in dockworkers. Systematic review and meta-analysis

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Crizol, Giuliana Raduan^{a; 1} | Sá, Kamilla Mayr Martins^{b; 2} | Santos, Giovanna Marcílio^{b; 3} | Gonçalves, Marcela Letícia Leal^{a; 4} | Mendes, Gustavo Duarte^{a; 5} | Bussadori, Sandra Kalil^{c; 6} | Pacheco, Rafael Leite^{d; e; 7} | Riera, Rachel^{e; f; 8} | Santos, Elaine Marcílio^{a; 9} | Martimbianco, Ana Luiza Cabrera^{a; e; 10; *}

Affiliations: [a] Postgraduate Program of Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil | [b] Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil | [c] Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo, SP, Brazil | [d] Centro Universitario São Camilo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil | [e] Centre of Health Technology Assessment, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil | [f] Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

Correspondence: [*] Address for correspondence Ana Luiza Cabrera Martimbianco, Postgraduate Program of Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil. E-mail: ana.martimbianco@unimes.br.

Note: [1] ORCID: 0000-0002-4329-2897.

Note: [2] ORCID: 0000-0001-9018-5587.

Note: [3] ORCID: 0000-0002-7195-339X.

Note: [4] ORCID: 0000-0003-1305-5257.

Note: [5] ORCID: 0000-0003-1084-9940.

Note: [6] ORCID: 0000-0002-9853-1138.

Note: [7] ORCID: 0000-0001-7487-8471.

Note: [8] ORCID: 0000-0002-9522-1871.

Note: [9] ORCID: 0000-0003-1084-9940.

Note: [10] ORCID: 0000-0002-4361-4526.

Abstract: BACKGROUND:Dockworkers are exposed to physical overloads that can contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders, leading to functional disability and absenteeism. OBJECTIVE:to map, critically appraise, and synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases associated with port occupational activities. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in structured and unstructured databases in August 2023, with no date or language restriction, to identify observational studies evaluating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dockworkers’ occupational activity. The risk of bias was assessed using validated tools based on the included study designs. Data from studies were pooled in meta-analyses. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: We identified 12 analytical cross-sectional studies involving 7821 participants in ports of five countries. Most studies (75%) had a moderate methodological quality according to the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Considering the overall worker categories and any musculoskeletal disorders, the meta-analysis showed a prevalence of 58% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 37% to 78%), with degenerative spinal diseases 42% (95% CI –0.6% to 91%) and low back pain 36% (95% CI 21% to 50%) being the most prevalent conditions. Symptoms were predominantly in foremen and stevedores. The certainty of the evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal disorders seem prevalent among dockworkers, mainly degenerative spinal diseases and low back pain. Studies with greater methodological consistency are still needed to validate these hypotheses and assist in decision-making for implementing preventive and informational policies in maritime port management organizations. PROSPERO registry CRD42021257677.

Keywords: Dockworker, occupational diseases, cumulative trauma disorders, occupational groups, prevalence, systematic review

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230666

Journal: Work, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 585-600, 2024