Development of an evidence-based swimming representative military task to assess swimming competency in the British Army

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Needham-Beck, Sarah C.^a | Maroni, Tessa D.^a | Walker, Faye S.^a | Vine, Chris A.J.^a | Moore, Daniel^a | Draper, Julie^b | Alexander, Barry^b | Myers, Stephen D.^a | Blacker, Sam D.^{a; *}

Affiliations: [a] Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK | [b] Army Headquarters, British Army, Andover, UK

Correspondence: [*] Address for correspondence: Prof. Sam D. Blacker, Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 6PE, UK. Tel.: +44 01243 793473; E-mail: s.blacker@chi.ac.uk.

Abstract: BACKGROUND:There is a requirement for British Army personnel to operate in/around water. Assessing role-related swimming/water competence will support personnel to conduct their job-roles safely and effectively. OBJECTIVE:To undertake a Job-Task Analysis (JTA) of British Army personnel when working in/around water and use this information to develop a Swimming Representative Military Task (RMT) to assess swimming/water competence. METHODS:Workshops, surveys, and observations were used to conduct a JTA, which identified and described job-tasks conducted by British Army personnel in/around water. Ergonomic analysis of these job-tasks identified seven water-based physical actions, which were considered fundamental for all personnel to be competent in performing. These seven actions guided design of a Swimming RMT, which was subsequently conducted twice by 103 serving personnel (89 men, 11 women) and once by 65 recruits (49 men, 16 women). RESULTS:The RMT comprised of entering the water in combat fatigues and webbing, removing webbing, swimming 50 m, and staying afloat for up to 10 minutes. During RMT trials, in trial 1, 85% of serving personnel and 74% of recruits successfully completed the RMT, which increased to 93% in serving personnel for trial 2. Across trials 1 and 2, all three timed RMT elements showed moderate-high correlational reliability (ICC range: 0.462–0.791). On average, serving personnel were quicker to complete the 50 m swim phase compared to recruits (91±24 s vs. 100±26 s; U = 2575.0, rb = –0.192, p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS:The JTA-informed Swimming RMT provides an assessment of the minimum role-related swimming/water competence standard for British Army personnel.

Keywords: Swimming, task performance and analysis, human factors, work performance, physical performance, military personnel

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230256

Journal: Work, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 1773-1784, 2024