Affiliations: [a] Institute of Physiotherapy, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland | [b] Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piƚsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Correspondence:
[*]
Corresponding author: Aleksandra Truszczyńska, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piƚsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland. E-mail:aleksandra.rapala@wp.pl
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Carrying a backpack is common among schoolchildren. The effect
of backpack load on spine pain and posture defects in children is often raised in the
literature. According to scientific research, the maximum backpack load that
is safe for children must not exceed 10-15% of their body mass. There is
a lack of scientific reports related to the effect of frequently wearing a
backpack on one shoulder among children and young adults and its influence
on the shape of the anterior-posterior curvatures of spine. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate body posture parameters
in the sagittal plane for an asymmetrical backpack load equal to 10% of a child's body
mass. METHODS: The study was conducted using 162 primary schoolchildren aged 11-13 years.
Each participant underwent three tests that examined postural parameters,
including habitual posture, with the backpack on the participant's right and
left shoulder. Posture was measured with the CQ Elektronik; which uses
photogrammetry to make anthropometric calculations based on an image of the
examined surface. RESULTS: The asymmetrical backpack load resulted in a significant reduction of
thoracic kyphosis (GKP: p= 0.040). The angle of thoracic kyphosis increased
between the measurements. The difference (GAMMA = 0.054) revealed that the
results were approaching significance. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the gravity of the problem, children should be educated on
ergonomics by teachers, physiotherapist or nurses, including instructions on
carrying a backpack and the effects of disregarding the basic rules on body
posture, as part of their school curriculum. The acceptable backpack load,
which is now believed to be 10% of the child's body mass, should be
carefully considered by scientists. Our own results show that even a load of
10% of the body mass may induce negative changes in spinal posture.
Keywords: Spinal load, back pain, asymmetric loading, children
