Affiliations: [a] Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering and Technology Department, Bradley University, Peoria, IL, USA | [b] The Ergonomics and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
Correspondence:
[*]
Corresponding author: Regina Pope-Ford, 1501 W Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL 61625, USA. Tel.: +1 309 677 1227; E-mail: reginadpf@gmail.com
Abstract:
BACKGROUND:
Dental practitioners often suffer musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the
upper extremity due to the static, repetitive and precise nature of work.
Knowledge regarding muscle activation patterns in that region is essential
in understanding the mechanism behind the upper extremity MSDs. However, the
literature review has revealed few studies with such a focus. OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to examine the inter-relationship of the exertion levels of
eleven upper extremity muscles during common dental procedures. This
provides insights into the interactive utilization patterns of the targeted
muscles and their implications in the development of MSDs. METHODS:
Twelve dentists were recruited. Electromyography (EMG) signals of sampled
muscles were collected for 32 trials, i.e. combinations of independent
variables (IVs) (and levels): posture (2), precision (2), line of vision
(4), and grip type (2). Multivariate statistical methods were used to
analyze the effects of IVs on muscle coactivity patterns. RESULTS:
MANOVA showed significant main effects and a 2-way interaction between
precision and grip type. Most notably, the upper trapezius exhibited
consistently higher utilization than other muscles during a seated posture. CONCLUSIONS:
Seated postures, preferred by dentists as a way to relieve back stress, may
contribute to the development of shoulder or neck MSDs due to elevated upper
trapezius exertions.
