Hepatocellular carcinoma in the non-cirrhotic liver

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Dong, Yi^a | Wang, Wen-Ping^a | Lee, Won Jae^b | Meloni, Maria Franca^c | Clevert, Dirk-Andre^d | Chammas, Maria Cristina^e | Tannapfel, Andrea^f | Forgione, Antonella^g | Piscaglia, Fabio^g | Dietrich, Christoph Frank^{h; *}

Affiliations: [a] Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China | [b] Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Department of Health Science and Technology and Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | [c] Radiology Department of Interventional Ultrasound Casa di Cura Igea, Milano, Italy Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA | [d] Department of Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound-Center, University of Munich-Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany | [e] Institute of Radiology, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil | [f] Institut für Pathologie, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany | [g] Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy | [h] Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Hirslanden, Bern, Switzerland

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. med. Christoph F. Dietrich, Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Hirslanden, Bern, 3036 Bern, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 31 337 60 00; E-mail: c.f.dietrich@googlemail.com.

Abstract: Liver cirrhosis is an established high-risk factor for HCC and the majority of patients diagnosed with HCC have cirrhosis. However, HCC also arises in non-cirrhotic livers in approximately 20 %of all cases. HCC in non-cirrhotic patients is often clinically silent and surveillance is usually not recommended. HCC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage in these patients. Current information about HCC in patients with non-cirrhotic liver is limited. Here we review the current knowledge on epidemiology, clinical features and imaging features of those patiens.

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), non-cirrhotic liver, diagnosis, imaging, guideline

DOI: 10.3233/CH-211309

Journal: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 423-436, 2022