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Article type: Research Article
Authors: Zhou, Juan | Pavlovic, Dragan | Rüb, Johanna | Masur, Stefan | Spassov, Alexander | Whynot, Sara | Hung, Orlando | Kern, Hartmut | Saleh Abdo, Islam; | Shukla, Romesh | Cerny, Vladimir; | Lehmann, Christian;
Affiliations: Department of Anesthesia, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada | Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany | Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany | Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, DRK Kliniken Berlin, Germany | Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic
Note: [] Juan Zhou and Dragan Pavlovic contributed equally to this work.
Note: [] Juan Zhou and Dragan Pavlovic contributed equally to this work.
Note: [] Corresponding author: Dr. Christian Lehmann, MD, PhD, FRCPC, Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology, Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 6H-5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada. Tel.: +1 902 473 2331; Fax: +1 902 423 9454; E-mail: chlehmann@dal.ca
Abstract: Intestinal microcirculatory disturbances play an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. A neural anti-inflammatory pathway has been suggested as a potential target for therapy that may dampen systemic inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, on the intestinal microcirculation and vascular contractility in experimental endotoxemia. Endotoxemia was induced in Lewis rats by intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Animals were treated with either physostigmine or saline (control) following LPS challenge. The intestinal microcirculation, including leukocyte-endothelial interaction, functional capillary density (FCD) and non-perfused capillary density (NCD), was examined by intravital microscopy (IVM) 2 hours after LPS administration. The impact of physostigmine on vascular contractility of rat aortic rings was examined by in vitro myography. Physostigmine significantly reduced the number of adhering leukocytes in intestinal submucosal venules (V1 venules: −61%, V3 venules: −36%) of LPS animals. FCD was significantly increased by physostigmine treatment (circular muscle layer: +180%, longitudinal muscle layer: +162%, mucosa: +149%). Low concentrations of physostigmine produced significant contraction of aortic ring preparations, whereas high concentrations produced relaxation. In conclusion, physostigmine treatment significantly improved the intestinal microcirculation in experimental endotoxemia by reducing leukocyte adhesion and increasing FCD.
Keywords: Physostigmine, microcirculation, sepsis, endotoxemia, intravital microscopy
DOI: 10.3233/CH-131743
Journal: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 273-284, 2014
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