Affiliations: [a] Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA | [b] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Research in Soft Matter & Polymers, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Matthew Armstrong, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA. E-mail: matthew.armstrong@westpoint.edu
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Human blood is a thixo-elasto-visco-plastic (TEVP) material that exhibits unique fluctuations in mechanical properties based on physiology, and shear rate. We demonstrate new visual tools to help visualize and characterize these varied mechanical properties. OBJECTIVE:Our objective is to demonstrate contemporary visual and numerical tools to help visualize and characterize the varied mechanical properties of human blood. METHODS:Using the ARESG2 strain-controlled rheometer with double wall couette geometry and eight human blood donors, with lab test results, elastic and viscous properties are investigated using Series of Physical Processes (SPP) and MITLaos to both analyze and visualize the mechanical signatures of the blood. RESULTS:Variations of mechanical properties are shown via SPP generated Cole-Cole plots and MITLaos analysis. These variations are a function of physiological properties of blood on the day of the blood draw based on hematocrit, fibrinogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, and a host of other proteins and constituents. Each rheological experiment with blood is replicated with an analogous experiments with 0.04 wt% xanthan in glycerol, and water to demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the human blood, and its rheological signatures are unique to human blood. CONCLUSIONS:Human blood is proven to be a TEVP material, as shown on a series of Cole-Cole plots for eight different donors, at two different frequency and strain amplitude combinations. Variations in Cole-Cole plots for each donor are shown. MITLaos average mechanical properties are calculated and shown. Aggregated elastic and viscous projections and a Cole-Cole plot is shown for Donors 1–8, along with 95% confidence interval.
Keywords: Human blood, hemorheology, triangle ramp, large amplitude oscillatory shear
DOI: 10.3233/BIR-201007
Journal: Biorheology, vol. 58, no. 1-2, pp. 1-26, 2021
