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Biorheology is an international interdisciplinary journal that publishes research on the deformation and flow properties of biological systems or materials. It is the aim of the editors and publishers of
Biorheology to bring together contributions from those working in various fields of biorheological research from all over the world. A diverse editorial board with broad international representation provides guidance and expertise in wide-ranging applications of rheological methods to biological systems and materials.
The aim of biorheological research is to determine and characterize the dynamics of physiological processes at all levels of organization. Manuscripts should report original theoretical and/or experimental research promoting the scientific and technological advances in a broad field that ranges from the rheology of macromolecules and macromolecular arrays to cell, tissue and organ rheology. In all these areas, the interrelationships of rheological properties of the systems or materials investigated and their structural and functional aspects are stressed.
The scope of papers solicited by
Biorheology extends to systems at different levels of organization that have never been studied before, or, if studied previously, have either never been analyzed in terms of their rheological properties or have not been studied from the point of view of the rheological matching between their structural and functional properties. This biorheological approach applies in particular to molecular studies where changes of physical properties and conformation are investigated without reference to how the process actually takes place, how the forces generated are matched to the properties of the structures and environment concerned, proper time scales, or what structures or strength of structures are required.
Biorheology invites papers in which such 'molecular biorheological' aspects, whether in animal or plant systems, are examined and discussed. While we emphasize the biorheology of physiological function in organs and systems, the biorheology of disease is of equal interest. Biorheological analyses of pathological processes and their clinical implications are encouraged, including basic clinical research on hemodynamics and hemorheology.
In keeping with the rapidly developing fields of mechanobiology and regenerative medicine,
Biorheology aims to include studies of the rheological aspects of these fields by focusing on the dynamics of mechanical stress formation and the response of biological materials at the molecular and cellular level resulting from fluid-solid interactions. With increasing focus on new applications of nanotechnology to biological systems, rheological studies of the behavior of biological materials in therapeutic or diagnostic medical devices operating at the micro and nano scales are most welcome.
Abstract: Cheese viscoelasticity is commonly measured using steady uniaxial compression, steady uniaxial extension, shear and compressive creep, and stress relaxation in shear and compression. Viscoelastic properties for many cheeses have also been studied using small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS). However, there is little on the measurement of nonlinear viscoelastic properties. The large deformation test usually conducted on cheese to study nonlinear viscoelasticity is uniaxial compression, but this test hardly departs from linear behavior. In this work, the nonlinear viscoelasticity of four cheese varieties was studied using large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS). A sliding plate rheometer incorporating a shear stress transducer was…used. The data were evaluated using spectral analysis, and results are presented mainly in the form of shear stress versus shear rate loops.
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Abstract: Magnetic twisting cytometry is gaining wide applicability as a tool for the investigation of the rheological properties of cells and the mechanical properties of receptor–cytoskeletal interactions. Current technology involves the application and release of magnetically induced torques on small magnetic particles bound to or inside cells, with measurements of the resulting angular rotation of the particles. The properties of purely elastic or purely viscous materials can be determined by the angular strain and strain rate, respectively. However, the cytoskeleton and its linkage to cell surface receptors display elastic, viscous, and even plastic deformation, and the simultaneous characterization of these properties…using only elastic or viscous models is internally inconsistent. Data interpretation is complicated by the fact that in current technology, the applied torques are not constant in time, but decrease as the particles rotate. This paper describes an internally consistent model consisting of a parallel viscoplastic element in series with a parallel viscoelastic element, and one approach to quantitative parameter evaluation. The unified model reproduces all essential features seen in data obtained from a wide variety of cell populations, and contains the pure elastic, viscoelastic, and viscous cases as subsets.
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Abstract: We have measured the flow conductivity, k/\eta , of discs of rat dermis with and without digestion with hyaluronidase. We found no significant difference between the flow conductivity of hyaluronan digested (k/\eta=5.56\pm2.74 cm^{4} /dyne.s (n=13 )) and untreated tissue (k/\eta=6.03\pm3.15 cm^{4} /dyne.s (n=13 )). For the first time in such experiments the overall tissue hyaluronan content as well as the difference in concentration of this material across tissues subjected to conditions of flow was measured. Similarly, the overall hydration and the difference in fluid content across the tissue is also reported.…We have demonstrated that approximately 99% of the tissue hyaluronan was digested as a result of activity of the enzyme. No difference in hyaluronan across the tissue was found in the flow experiments (i.e., with or without digestion). We found significant change in the overall tissue hydration for controls and for either of the two types of flow experiments performed. Likewise, we found significant hydration differences across the tissues under both types of flow conditions. A trend in decreasing hydration associated with digestion of hyaluronan in the flow experiments was found.
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Keywords: Flow conductivity, hyaluronan, hydration, rat dermis, hyaluronidase
Citation: Biorheology,
vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 211-219, 1998