Nutrition and Healthy Aging - Volume 7, issue 1-2

Authors: Rowland, Ian

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Probiotics and prebiotics have been the subject of extensive investigations into their role in human health including their effects on risk of age-related chronic diseases. There is good evidence that probiotics and, to a lesser extent prebiotics, can influence immune function in older subjects and counteract immunosenescence and increased inflammation. Probiotics have also been shown to increase the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the elderly and reduce risk and/or duration of upper respiratory tract infections. Prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to have benefits for common gastrointestinal disorders that are common in older people, especially constipation, and there is some …evidence that symptoms of metabolic syndrome can be alleviated by certain probiotics. Show more

Keywords: Probiotics, prebiotics, gut microbiota, immune function, gut health, inflammation

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-210140

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 1-7, 2022

Authors: Cassidy, Sophie | Kroeger, Cynthia M. | Wang, Tian | Mitra, Sayan | Liu, Chen | Ribeiro, Rosilene V. | Dai, Aimee | Lau, Jonathan | Huang, Robin | Masedunkas, Andrius | Jose, Shane | Liu, Na | Avery, Leah | Yang, Jessica | McGrady, Michele | Lo, Serigne N. | George, Jacob | Cistulli, Peter A. | Khor, Lynn | Kozor, Rebecca | Ugander, Martin | Wilcox, Ian | Hunyor, Imre | Fontana, Luigi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: IMPORTANCE: The evidence that maintaining a healthy body weight in conjunction with healthier eating patterns, exercise training, and reduced stress can improve clinical outcomes in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is substantial. However, little is known about the magnitude and temporal effects of a comprehensive lifestyle treatment on coronary artery anatomy, myocardial inflammation, and fibrosis in people affected by coronary heart disease. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a randomised clinical trial to determine the impact of a 12-month intense lifestyle intervention delivered via an mHealth platform (in the form of a mobile App) versus standard clinical care on low attenuation …plaque volume and structure, stress myocardial perfusion, and diastolic function. DESIGN: A single centre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. The co-primary endpoints are: 1-Low Attenuation Plaque (LAP) volume (mm3 ) using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) at 12 months, and 2-Adenosine stress myocardial blood flow (stress MBF, mL/min/g) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 12 months. Other key measurements include liver steatosis by MRI, subclinical abnormalities detected by advanced electrocardiography, arterial stiffness, endothelial function, genomic, metabolomic, and gut microbiome-related adaptations to these structural changes. An intention-to-treat principle will be used for all analyses. SETTING: Participants will be recruited from a large academic cardiology office practice (Central Sydney Cardiology) and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH) Departments of Cardiology and Radiology. All clinical investigations will be undertaken within the Charles Perkins Centre-RPAH clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals (n  = 150) with stable coronary heart disease who have low attenuation plaque based on a CCTA within the past 3 months, will be randomised to a lifestyle intervention program comprising a 5:2 pesco-vegetarian diet, exercise training, and mindfulness-based stress reduction (n  = 75) or usual care (n  = 75). DISCUSSION: This trial will represent the single most detailed and integrated analysis of the effects of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention targeting multiple metabolic pathways, delivered via a customized mHealth App on smart devices, on coronary macro- and microcirculation, heart physiology, and cardiometabolic risk. It will provide a new framework for allowing clinicians and individuals to optimise metabolic health for the prevention and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases that is epidemic in modern society. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-210146

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 9-22, 2022

Authors: Prasanth, Mani Iyer | Malar, Dicson Sheeja | Brimson, James Michael | Verma, Kanika | Tonsomboon, Aunchalee | Plaingam, Waluga | Tencomnao, Tewin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora (KP), have been traditionally used for treating various ailments with 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF) as a prominent compound. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-aging and neuroprotective properties of KP and DMF in Caenorhabditis elegans . METHODS: C. elegans (wild-type (N2), transgenic and mutant strains) were treated with KP and DMF and were monitored for lifespan and neuroprotection through physiological assays, fluorescence microscopy and qPCR analysis. Molecular docking studies were employed to identify the interaction mode of DMF with DAF-16 and SKN-1. RESULTS: KP and DMF significantly increased the lifespan of …N2 along with modulating pharyngeal pumping and lipofuscin accumulation. They also exhibited neuroprotection in Aβ transgenic strains by improving lifespan and delaying paralysis. Further, they reduced ROS accumulation significantly in worms exposed to UV-A, thereby exhibiting anti-photoaging potential. KP and DMF could activate SKN-1, DAF-16 which was evident from molecular docking and qPCR analysis. The DAF-2 and DAF-16 mutants did not exhibit any variations in lifespan upon treatment with KP and DMF suggesting the involvement of the DAF-16 mediated pathway in regulating the anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that KP with DMF as an active ingredient is a potential nutraceutical for aging and associated disorders. Show more

Keywords: Kaempferia parviflora , 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, C. elegans , Neuroprotection, Anti-aging

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-210148

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 23-38, 2022

Authors: O’Brien, Leigh | Wall, Catherine | Wilkinson, Tim J. | Gearry, Richard B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Chronic diarrhoea affects up to 10% of older adults, impacts quality of life and has potential adverse medical outcomes. Dietary changes can be effective but, if not managed correctly, could negatively impact health. This review summarises the prevalence, potential causes, and complications of chronic diarrhoea in older people. The evidence for dietary treatments, and the nutritional implications, are described.

Keywords: Chronic diarrhoea, diet, older adults, irritable bowel syndrome, nutrition

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-220152

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 39-50, 2022

Authors: Waqas, Komal | Rashid, Mardin | van der Eerden, Bram C.J. | van den Berg, Sjoerd A.A. | Sijbrands, Eric J.G. | Berk, Kirsten A. | Zillikens, M. Carola

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased fracture risk with high bone mineral density, possibly related to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation in bone. Flavanol supplementation in postmenopausal women reduced AGEs formation and decreased bone resorption markers. However, to date, these effects have not been investigated in T2DM. OBJECTIVE: We used a post hoc secondary analysis to determine the effect of monomeric and oligomeric flavanols supplementation on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in individuals with T2DM. METHODS: Eighty-three individuals with T2DM, aged 40–85 years, with microalbuminuria were enrolled from 4 trial centers …in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with renal vascular health as the primary outcome. Participants were randomized (1:1) to receive either a placebo or 200 mg of monomeric and oligomeric flavanols as intervention for three months. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen crosslinked beta C-telopeptide (β-CTx), and type I procollagen-N-propeptide (P1NP) were measured at baseline and three months. ANCOVA was performed on rank transformed BTMs at three months as the outcome, adjusting for baseline BTMs, group, age, sex, and BMI. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two arms. The adjusted mean change in BTMs at three months was not different between the placebo vs. intervention arm: ALP –0.059 (–0.262–0.145) vs. 0.060 (–0.135–0.356), p  = 0.41; β-CTx 0.013 (–0.205–0.231) vs. 0.100 (–0.109–0.310), p  = 0.53 and P1NP 0.091 (–0.080–0.262) vs. 0.030 (–0.134–0.195), p  = 0.61. There was no significant within-group change in BTMs after three months in both study arms. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with daily 200 mg of flavanols during three months, on top of usual care in individuals with T2DM, did not result in changes in BTMs compared to placebo. Future studies are needed to show whether long-term supplementation in higher dosages may positively affect BTMs in individuals with T2DM. Show more

Keywords: Flavonoids, flavan-3-ol, diabetes mellitus, type 2, bone remodeling, bone turnover, procollagen type I N-terminal peptide, CTX-II peptide

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-220157

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 51-60, 2022

Authors: Reijne, Aaffien C. | Talarovicova, Alzbeta | Coolen, Alex | Bruggink, Jan E. | Ciapaite, Jolita | Bleeker, Aycha | Groen, Albert K. | Reijngoud, Dirk-Jan | Bakker, Barbara M. | van Dijk, Gertjan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lifelong consumption of a Western-style diet is a risk factor for developing metabolic disorders and therefore impairs healthy aging. Dietary restriction (DR) could delay the onset of age-related diseases and prolong life span, however, the extent to which this depends on diet type is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To study whether feeding a Western-style diet affects the healthy aging benefits of DR. METHODS: Mice fed a Western-style diet (ad libitum and DR) were compared to those fed a standard healthy diet (ad libitum and DR). Survival and several metabolic and endocrine parameters were analyzed. …RESULTS: Lifelong consumption of a Western-style diet resulted in increased adiposity, elevated triglyceride levels in plasma, higher homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance and higher resting metabolic rate in mice compared to the standard diet group. This was accompanied by reduced survival in the Western-style diet group. DR irrespective of diet type improved abovementioned parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Lifelong restricted consumption of Western-style diet led to improved metabolic and endocrine parameters, and increased survival compared to the ad libitum Western-style diet group. Interestingly, the survival was comparable in restricted Western-style and standard diet groups, suggesting that reduced food intake rather than diet composition play more important role in promoting longevity/survival. Show more

Keywords: Diet, western, aging, diet therapy, caloric restriction, survival, hormones, metabolism

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-220163

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 61-74, 2022

Authors: Yang, Lin | Veronese, Nicola | Harper, Andrew | Piccio, Laura | Twigg, Stephen M. | Fontana, Luigi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND & AIMS: Understanding the temporal association and relative power of anthropometric, body composition and energy metabolism measurements of calorie restriction (CR) in predicting metabolic and hormonal adaptations is important, given the clinical and public health implications of excess weight and adiposity. METHODS: Anthropometric (body weight, BMI, waist circumference), body composition (body fat and lean mass by DXA), energy metabolism (leptin and total daily energy intake by doubly labelled water [DLW]) markers and an extensive assessment of cardiometabolic, inflammatory and hormonal risk factors were obtained in 191, 21–50 year old non-obese (BMI 22·0–27·9 kg/m2 ) women and men, who …participated in the 2-yr CALERIE randomized clinical trial. Pairwise correlations for each adiposity and energy metabolism measure were calculated against each other and against each metabolic parameter. In addition, spline and linear regression models were developed to determine a threshold effect of adiposity and energy metabolism measures to trigger changes in metabolic parameters. RESULTS: Among the progressively more sophisticated measures of adiposity, body weight is the variable that is most strongly correlated with cardiometabolic and inflammatory outcomes during CR-induced weight loss in young and middle-aged non-obese men and women. Waist circumference and DXA body fat are not superior to body weight or BMI in detecting these biological modifications. We did not find a specific threshold in weight loss to be exceeded for changes in metabolic and inflammatory adaptations to occur. Even small reductions in body weight cause a significant decline in serum T3 levels, a predictor of post-CR weight regain. CONCLUSIONS: Calorie restriction with adequate nutrition causes multiple beneficial cardiometabolic and hormonal adaptations that are linearly related with the degree of weight loss in non-obese individuals. Once a baseline has been established, tracking changes in body weight is sufficient to monitor improvements in metabolic health. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-220180

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 75-85, 2022