Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine - Volume 7, issue 4

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140311

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 279-279, 2014

Authors: Aslan, Ivy R. | Cheung, Clement C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Endocrinopathies are frequently linked to central nervous system disease, both as early effects prior to the disease diagnosis and/or late effects after the disease has been treated. In particular, tumors and infiltrative diseases of the brain and pituitary, such as craniopharyngioma, optic pathway and hypothalamic gliomas, intracranial germ cell tumor, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis, can present with abnormal endocrine manifestations that precede the development of neurological symptoms. Early endocrine effects include diabetes …insipidus, growth failure, obesity, and precocious or delayed puberty. With improving prognosis and treatment of childhood brain tumors, many survivors experience late endocrine effects related to medical and surgical interventions. Chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary axes governing growth, thyroid, gonadal, and adrenal function. In addition, obesity and metabolic alterations are frequent late manifestations. Diagnosing and treating both early and late endocrine manifestations can dramatically improve the growth, well-being, and quality of life of patients with childhood central nervous system diseases. Show more

Keywords: Endocrinopathies, early effects, late effects, brain tumors, hypothalamus, pituitary

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140299

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 281-294, 2014

Authors: Panossian, Andre

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Facial paralysis remains a vexing problem in the treatment of posterior cranial fossa tumors in children. Fortunately, current techniques are available to reconstruct the paralyzed face in restoring balance, symmetry, and amelioration of functional sequelae. The restoration of structure and function of the paralyzed face is tantamount to proper social integration and psychosocial rehabilitation. In addition, the facial nerve is important in preventing drying of the eyes, drooling, and speech abnormalities, among other …functions. The most visible evidence of facial paralysis is stark asymmetry, especially with animation. This is perhaps the most troubling aspect of facial paralysis and the one that leads to the greatest amount of psychosocial stress for the child and family members. Management strategies include early and late intervention. Early reconstructive goals focus on preservation and strengthening of intact motor end plates through native stimulatory pathways. Late reconstructive efforts are centered on surgically reconstructing permanently lost function based on each third of the face. Use of adjunct modalities such as chemical or surgical denervation and myectomies are also critical tools in restoring symmetry. Physical therapy plays a large role in both early and late facial nerve paralysis in optimizing cosmetic and functional outcome. Show more

Keywords: Facial paralysis, facial nerve palsy, facial asymmetry, facial reanimation, brain tumors, smile reconstruction, oral continence, speech pathology, permanent denervation, facial rehabilitation

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140300

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 295-305, 2014

Authors: Grandinette, Sharon

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: With an increase in the number of pediatric patients surviving the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors, many children are returning to school with an alteration in their physical, cognitive, and social-emotional functioning and thus requiring school intervention or services. Physicians and clinicians in hospital and rehabilitation settings serving this population can play a key role in communicating the medical and functional needs these children present as a result of diagnosis and treatment as they transition …to an educational setting. Medical and allied health personnel can best support successful school transition when they are aware of the information schools require in order to open the door for students to easily access the interventions, supports, and services available through 504 Accommodation Plans and special education supports and services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Clear communication between medical and school personnel is vital in improving educational, social, and vocational outcomes for students with brain tumors. A streamlined approach to accomplish this task is offered for consideration. Show more

Keywords: Pediatric, brain tumors, CNS tumors, clinician, physician, allied health personnel, education, school reintegration, intervention, traumatic brain injury, IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IEP: Individual Education Plan, 504 Accommodation Plan

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140301

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 307-321, 2014

Authors: McComb, J. Gordon | Da Silva, Stephanie L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As brain tumor patients are transferred to a rehabilitation unit in a stable condition, subsequent neurosurgical involvement is needed to address later developing complications. Problems of cerebrospinal fluid circulation are the most common and include shunt malfunction. Infection is the next in frequency, with wound and shunt infection the most likely. Bleeding rarely occurs, especially acutely, and is more apt to be seen with chronic subdural hematomas.

Keywords: Neurosurgical care, rehabilitation, pediatric brain tumor, complications, CSF diversion

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140302

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 323-331, 2014

Authors: Walker, David | Thomas, S.A. | Talbot, E.J. | Bennett, E.J. | Starza-Smith, A. | Da Silva, Stephanie L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Cerebellar Mutism Syndrome (CMS), also known as posterior fossa syndrome (CMS/PFS), refers to a transient loss of speech followed by dysarthria and is a common complication in the pediatric population following resection of a cerebellar tumor. Recognition and rehabilitation of CMS is critical in the post-operative phases of recovery. Two case studies, including neuropsychological assessments, along with the family and patient's perspectives are reviewed.

Keywords: Cerebellar mutism, posterior fossa syndrome, child brain tumour, rehabilitation, neuropsychological evaluation

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140309

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 333-340, 2014

Authors: Brei, Timothy J. | Woodrome, Stacey E. | Fastenau, Philip S. | Buran, Constance F. | Sawin, Kathleen J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine if neuropsychological functioning and family protective factors are related to depressive symptoms in parents of adolescents with myelomeningocele (MMC). METHODS: Fifty adolescents (28 females, 22 males; predominately Caucasian; ages 12–21 years, M=15.7, SD=2.4) and their parents from a large Midwestern MMC Program participated in a cross-sectional descriptive mixed-methods study. Participants completed measures of adolescent clinical status (WeeFIM®, Demographic and Clinical Information …Form), neuropsychological (NP) functioning, family protective factors and parents' depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Parents' depressive symptoms correlated significantly with NP functioning in the domains of Mental Processing Speed, Psychomotor Speed, Executive Functioning, Fine Motor Skills, and Language, and with each self-reported family protective factor. Multiple regression analysis revealed independent main effects for the NP variable, Executive Functioning and the Family Protective Factors Composite (p< 0.05); there was no interaction (p> 0.10). CONCLUSION: Clinicians are especially encouraged to include assessment of parental depressive symptoms if the adolescent has executive functioning impairments or if the parents have few family protective factors. Show more

Keywords: Myelomeningocele, spina bifida, mental health, depressive symptoms, parents, cognition, adolescent

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140303

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 341-352, 2014

Authors: Taylor, Natalie E. | Dengel, Donald R. | Lund, Troy C. | Rudser, Kyle D. | Orchard, Paul J. | Steinberger, Julia | Whitley, Chester B. | Polgreen, Lynda E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: PURPOSE: To determine muscular strength differences in patients with MPS-I, II, and VI versus age- and sex-matched healthy controls. METHODS: Dominant leg isokinetic knee extension strength was measured at 90 and 120 degrees per second (d/s) using a dynamometer in 30 subjects with MPS and 42 controls (5–16 yrs). MPS-I was further divided into MPS-IA (attenuated) and MPS-IH (severe). Strength measures analyzed were peak torque (PkT), peak torque per unit body weight (PkT/BW) and per unit lean body mass …(PkT/LBM), and average power (AP). RESULTS: Following adjusting strength measures for age, MPS-IH and MPS-II had significantly lower strength measures for all variables at both angular velocities. MPS-VI had significantly lower PkT, PkT/LBM, and AP compared to controls at 90 and 120d/s. In contrast, MPS-IA was not significantly different from controls for any strength variable at either angular velocity. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that decrements in skeletal muscle strength depend on MPS diagnosis and severity of disease. Children with MPS-IH demonstrate the greatest difference in muscular strength compared to healthy controls. Show more

Keywords: Mucopolysaccharidosis, strength, isokinetic

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140305

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 353-360, 2014

Authors: Phillips, J. Jane | Gordon, Susan J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: PURPOSE: A systematic literature review was conducted to determine best practice conservative management of pediatric lymphoedema. METHOD: The PRISMA protocol was followed; a search of Ovid Medline, Cinahl and Scopus was conducted using the search terms children OR pediatric OR adolescent AND lymphoedema OR lymphedema. Studies about management or treatment of lymphoedema in children were included while studies about filariasis, imaging, pathology, secondary lymphoedema, surgical techniques, central lymphoedema and those with participants with a …median age greater than 18 years were excluded. RESULTS: Of 738 possible studies identified, eight studies were eligible for inclusion in the review: four case reports, two retrospective service reviews and two prospective studies investigating different interventions. All studies were rated using the NHMRC hierarchy of evidence and appraised by both authors using the McMaster University Critical Review Form. Studies were of low quality with poor descriptions of management, small sample size, unclear and inconsistent methodology and irreproducible outcome measures. CONCLUSION: This review identified low level evidence to support the use of pneumatic compression in the management of pediatric lymphoedema. Further research is required to identify optimal parameters for application of pneumatic compression and to investigate the use of other interventions for conservative management of pediatric lymphoedema. Show more

Keywords: Lymphoedema, pediatric, therapeutics, management: self-management, disease-management

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140306

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 361-372, 2014

Authors: Sharma, Vijai | Yadav, Ganesh | Gupta, Anil Kumar | Kumar, Dileep

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tibial hemimelia/amelia is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by deficiency of the tibia with relatively intact fibula. They can be identified as an isolated disorder or as part of malformation syndromes. This presentation expands the spectrum of tibial hemimelia characterizing its great clinical and radiological variability. OBSERVATION: A five year old female child, born to unaffected and non-consanguineous parents, presented with deformity and shortening of both legs. There was no other structural anomaly …except in both lower limbs. Radiological imaging showed absence of the tibia, angulation of fibula and tarsal coalition of right side. Femur was seen to be normal in both lower limbs while patella, tibia and talus were absent on left side along with 1st ray deficiency. Severe varus deformity was seen in both feet. The parents were not willing for corrective surgery, therefore extension prosthesis was devised. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We report a case of tibial hemimelia as well as to suggest methods to manage and rehabilitate such patients. A congenital malformations surveillance and record system needs to be developed to identify the demographic parameters, etiology, risk factors and associations of all types of limb deficiencies. Need is felt of a classification system which includes broader spectrum of limb malformations. Show more

Keywords: Tibial hemimelia, extension prosthesis, congenital limb deficiency, rehabilitation in tibial hemimelia

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140304

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 373-377, 2014

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140310

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 379-380, 2014

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140307

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 381-382, 2014

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/PRM-140308

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 383-383, 2014

Article Type: Other

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 385-388, 2014

Article Type: Other

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 389-390, 2014