Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Volume 6, issue 1

Authors: Kundu, Chanchal Kumar | Samanta, Moumita | Bhattacharyya, Subhasish

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We present a case report of a young child with fever for 2 weeks followed by ataxia, spastic quadriparesis, aphasia with bulbar palsy, and lastly loss of consciousness. All symptoms developed within a span of 5 days. Provisional diagnosis of infantile stroke due to infective vasculitis was made. Cranial computed tomography revealed multiple infarctions with bilateral dilated ventricles and mild cortical atrophy. Based on cerebrospinal fluid analysis, contact history and Mantoux test, anti-tubercular therapy was …started. Therapeutic failure led to a suspicion of immunosuppression. So, opportunistic infections of central nervous system along with neurotuberculosis were ruled out by relevant standard tests. Subsequently human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy was diagnosed and highly active antiretroviral therapy was initiated immediately. Neurological abnormalities reversed and complete radiological clearance was noted with highly active antiretroviral therapy within 1 year. The unusual presentation, rare neuroimaging findings, and dramatic response make this case notable. Show more

Keywords: HIV encephalopathy, infantile stroke, cerebral infarctions, highly active anti-retroviral therapy

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2011-0294

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 59-62, 2011

Authors: Cunha, Burke A. | Durie, Nicole | Selbs, Elena | Weinblatt, Mark | McDermott, Brian P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In children, cervical adenopathy and fever is a common diagnostic dilemma. We present an unusual case of fever with anterior cervical adenopathy mimicking lymphoma that was diagnosed by as Rosai-Dorfman disease (RD) by lymph node biopsy. RD disease typically presents in childhood with cervical adenopathy. Less commonly, RD may involve extra-nodal sites as well, including the skin (the most common extranodal site), central nervous system (CNS), eye, liver, spleen, pancreas, or kidney. Lymph node biopsy is …diagnostic and to differentiates RD disease from other causes of lymphadenopathy such as lymphoma. Show more

Keywords: FUO, mimics of lymphoma, sinus histiocytosis, lympadenopathy

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2011-0297

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 63-66, 2011

Authors: Forés, María A. Ros | Herrmannová, Jana | Saéz, José J. Alcón | Rodríguez, Oscar Esparcia | Ferrer, Empar Lurbe

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A clinical case of an axillary lymphadenitis, due to Mycobacterium malmoense in an immunocompetent child is reported. The main purpose of this report is to highlight the uncommon localization of this infection, rarely described in children. This report also draws attention to the increase of incidence of this infection in immunocompetent patients and the difficulties in its diagnosis.

Keywords: Mycobacterium malmoense, axillary lymphadenopathy, child, treatment

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2011-0282

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 67-69, 2011

Authors: Stack, Andrew | Peterson-Carmichael, Stacey L. | Yin, Dwight E. | Marti, MariaLopez | Fuchs, Herbert | Jhaveri, Ravi | Turner, David A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We report the first case of a previously healthy term 5 week old infant with no known risk factors who developed a frontal lobe abscess from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). To date, only 16 cases of invasive CA-MRSA with central nervous system involvement have been previously described, but the incidence of CA-MRSA has surged within the last decade, creating a growing impact on public health. Increasing numbers of invasive infections caused by CA-MRSA in previously …healthy individuals is of particular concern, and the highest rates of these infections are in children. As CA-MRSA continues to spread and develop further antibiotic resistance, cases of invasive diseases as described in this report may become more common. Show more

Keywords: Staphylococcal aureus, methicillin-resistant, community-acquired, infant, abscess, invasive

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2011-0290

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 71-75, 2011

Authors: Kulkarni, Rajesh | Kinikar, Aarti | Valvi, Chhaya | Doshi, Prajakta

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Hemorrhagic cystitis as a complication of influenza A has been described. There is only one case report describing hemorrhagic cystitis in a child with novel pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A infection. We report two children with confirmed novel pandemic 2009 H1N1 infection who had hemorrhagic cystitis.

Keywords: Novel pandemic 2009 H1N1, macroscopic hematuria, hemorrhagic cystitis

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2011-0296

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 77-78, 2011

Authors: Hasosah, M. | Althobaiti, K. | Ghandourah, H. | Al-Amir, S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The occurrence of acute acalculous cholecystitis during hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is very rare. Here we describe a child with history of fever, vomiting and jaundice. His serologic test showed specific IgM anti-HAV. During follow up, his abdominal ultrasonography showed thickness of the gallbladder demonstrated acalculous cholecystitis. Surgical laprotomy for acalculous cholecystitis was avoided after resolving HAV infection.

Keywords: Acute HAV infection, acalculous cholecystitis, viral hepatitis, complication

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2011-0291

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 79-81, 2011

Authors: Al-Subaie, Sarah S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Clostridium tertium is an uncommon human pathogen. The organism has been implicated in bacteremia, enterocolitis, posttraumatic brain abscesses, pneumonia and necrotizing fasciitis especially in neutropenic and immunocompromised patients. Unlike other clostridial species, it has not previously been reported to cause disease in neonates. This case report describes a neonate who has meningitis caused by C. tertium with no underlying risk factors.

Keywords: Clostridium tertium, meningitis, neonate

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2011-0295

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 83-85, 2011

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2011-0299

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 87-89, 2011