Journal of Cellular Biotechnology - Volume 9, issue 1

Authors: Avila, Fabiola Lopez | Stürmer, Sophie | Monteleone, Adrian | Neely, Dave | Kuhajda, Bernard R. | George, Anna | Knoll, Martin | Schary, Weronika | Fath, Andreas

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND, Different preservation media used on fish samples may influence the digestion of organic matter for microplastic (MP) particle detection. Comparison of fresh and conserved fish is thereby problematic. OBJECTIVE, For quality assurance purposes and comparability of MP research, a method for digestion of preserved tissue like intestine with little impact on most MP particles was implemented. METHODS, Conserved fish samples were digested using SDS, KOH and Fenton’s reagents. The effect of the different chemicals used on different MP particles was then analyzed using Raman hit quality. Therefore, different filter materials were investigated using PMMA particles. …RESULTS, Moist grided nitrocellulose filter was found best suited for this study. The effects of this digestion protocol on different polymer particles differed among polymers. Two of the used polymer particles dissolved during SDS + KOH treatment. PVC hard showed the highest loss of Raman hit quality (29.5 %). Some fish showed residues of sand or chitin from insects depending on their feeding strategy which could not be digested using this protocol. CONCLUSION, Not every polymer could be detected reliably using this protocol. For residues like sand or chitin, a density separation and enzymatic chitin degradation using chitinase may be needed, which could be implemented into this protocol. Show more

Keywords: Microplastic analysis, ingestion, preserved fish, preparation, recovery, digestion methods, Raman spectroscopy, digestive fish tract

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-220076

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2023

Authors: Joshi, Sourabh | Pendyala, Gowri | Padmawar, Neeta | Mopagar, Viddyasagar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Enamel Matrix Derivatives (EMD) is a novel biomaterial that has been discovered in the late ’90 s and has found numerous uses in the field of periodontics. It is mainly used in areas that require natural regeneration and healing. It has found applications in other branches of dentistry, such as; wound healing, regenerative procedures, endodontics, pedodontics, and others. It mainly consists of amelogenins and other proteins such as amelin, enamelin, tufetelin etc. It is known to increase cementogenesis and improve periodontal attachment. The amount of research done on this product is very little and very scattered. The maximum amount of research …has been done regarding its use in periodontic surgery and other related procedures since it had been initially discovered as a material that would increase periodontal attachment. Given its various biological properties, it is safe to say that it has the potential to succeed in other branches. Our review, therefore, aims to collect and present the research performed and ongoing research potential regarding EMD products, which are now available in a gel-based form known as Emdogain. Show more

Keywords: Biomaterials, clinical applications, enamel matrix proteins, enamel matrix derivatives, Emdogain

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-220078

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 19-24, 2023

Authors: Tepap, Cromwel Zemnou | Anissi, Jaouad | Bounou, Salim

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Recombinant proteins have long been used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and agricultural industries. These proteins can be produced in hosts such as mammalian cells, bacteria, insect cells, yeast, and plants. However, the demand for recombinant proteins, especially for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, is increasing. Meeting this growing demand on a large scale remains a challenge for many industries. Developing new tools to increase the yield and quality of these proteins is therefore a necessity. Many strategies to optimize protein production in various expression systems have emerged in recent years. This review summarizes the different characteristics of expression …systems, as well as the current strategies used to improve the yield of recombinant proteins. Show more

Keywords: Recombinant protein, expression system, production, strategies

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-220084

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 25-37, 2023

Authors: Anarthe, Raju | Mani, Amit | Saklecha, Sejal

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: An important indicator of general health, well-being, and quality of life is oral health. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has been discovered to have a number of adverse effects. One of the earliest tissue areas to become infected by the virus and undergo alterations is the oral cavity. Oral manifestations included ulcer, erosion, bulla, vesicle, pustule, fissured or depapillated tongue, macule, papule, plaque, pigmentation, halitosis, white patches, haemorrhagic crust, necrosis, petechiae, swelling, erythema, and spontaneous bleeding. The tongue (38%), labial mucosa (26%), and palate (22%) were the three most typical sites of involvement. Aphthous stomatitis, herpetiform lesions, candidiasis, vasculitis, mucositis, drug …eruption, necrotizing periodontal disease, angina bullosa-like, angular cheilitis, atypical sweet syndrome, and Melkerson-Rosenthal syndrome were suggested diagnoses for the lesions. In 68% of instances, oral lesions were symptomatic. There were almost equally as many oral lesions in both sexes (49% female and 51% male). More extensive and severe oral lesions were present in patients who were older and who had COVID-19 diseases that were more severe. The most significant risk factors for the development of oral lesions in COVID-19 patients include poor oral hygiene, opportunistic infections, stress, immunosuppression, vasculitis, and hyper-inflammatory response. It is crucial to identify any changes in the mucosa in COVID-19 patients and administer assertive treatment to prevent complications. Patients should also try to maintain adequate oral hygiene throughout the course of the illness to prevent the colonisation of opportunistic microorganisms and to prevent complications both orally and systemically. Show more

Keywords: COVID-19, oral manifestations, petechiae, apthous ulcers, herpetiform lesions

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-220085

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 39-49, 2023

Authors: Bandre, Gulshan | Bankar, Nandkishor | Makade, Jagadish | Hawale, Dattu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Bacteria may develop antibiotic resistance due to unintentional DNA alterations that give them a survival advantage. Bacteria may develop antibiotic resistance due to unintentional DNA alterations that give them a survival advantage. Finding genetic changes and understanding how they enable bacteria to withstand antibiotic attacks will be crucial to our ability to develop new medications to combat them.

Keywords: Antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, mutation, drug-resistant microorganisms

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230086

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 51-56, 2023

Authors: Musmade, Deepti Raghunath | Mopagar, Viddyasagar Prabhakar | Mopagar, Vishwavijet Prabhakar | Joshi, Sourabh Ramesh | Padmai, Amit | Pendyala, Gowri | Sonawane, Prajwal Ravindra | Rathi, Nilesh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tooth avulsion clinically presents as complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar socket and it is one of the most severe forms of dental trauma leading to compromised neurovascular supply, loss of periodontal ligament and pulp necrosis. Storing of avulsed tooth in appropriate storage medium to preserve the periodontal cell viability is of prime importance and research to find the appropriate storage media is still on. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea and turmeric as a storage media on periodontal cell viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This …was a prospective, randomized study conducted using sixty single rooted human premolars freshly extracted for orthodontic purpose. Selected subjects were divided into three groups of 20 each. Randomization was done by performing simple random sampling; Group A consisted of teeth to be stored in HBSS, Group B included teeth to be stored in Green tea and Group C included teeth to be store in Turmeric. Periodontal cell viability was assessed by using a Neubauer’s chamber under the light microscope after two hours interval. RESULTS: HBSS preserved significantly higher number of viable PDL cells than any other storage solutions. Green tea extract showed better cell viability in comparison with turmeric. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that HBSS and green tea effectively maintains the viability of PDL for two hours. Turmeric is less effective in preserving the PDL cell viability within the study time interval. Show more

Keywords: HBSS, storage media, green tea, turmeric, PDL cell viability

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230089

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 57-65, 2023

Authors: Kale, Preeti Prakash | AmitMani, | Anarthe, Raju | Mustilwar, Rachita

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract:  Periodontal disease is a common oral health condition that is characterized by chronic inflammation, tissue destruction, and bone loss. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease by recognizing and capturing antigens from bacterial biofilms, initiating and regulating the immune response, promoting inflammation and tissue destruction, and regulating bone resorption. Dysregulation of DC function can lead to excessive inflammation and tissue destruction, which are characteristic features of periodontal disease. However, targeting DCs and their interactions with other immune cells may provide novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of periodontal disease. These approaches may include DC-based …vaccines or immunotherapies, inhibition of cytokines and chemokines produced by DCs, and targeting the interactions between DCs and other immune cells. Further research is needed to better understand the complex interactions between DCs and other immune cells in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and to develop effective and safe therapeutic strategies that target DC function. A better understanding of the role of DCs in periodontal disease may lead to the development of new diagnostic tools and treatments for this common and serious oral health condition. Show more

Keywords: Dendritic cells, periodontal disease, pathogenesis, inflammation

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230090

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 67-70, 2023

Authors: Jung, Conrad H.G. | Waldeck, Peter | Petrick, Ingolf | Akinwunmi, Mosunmola F. | Braune, Steffen | Jung, Friedrich | Küpper, Jan-Heiner

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis is a well-known source of bioactive substances. Growth and the generation of bioactive ingredients of Arthrospira platensis depend mainly on the quantity of light in a controlled environment. Photoinhibition is a time, nutrient, and light intensity-dependent decrease in photosynthetic efficiency. However, too strong illumination can induce two harmful effects: (1) photoinhibition as a reduction in photosynthetic rate and (2) photooxidation which can have lethal effects on the cells, and which can lead to total loss of the culture. The results of this microscopical study demonstrate, that under the procedures described and very high photon flux den-sities, …not only a decrease in the photosynthetic efficiency but beyond, also destruction of Arthrospira platensis can occur. Show more

Keywords: Arthrospira platensis, light stress, photoinhibition, phototoxicity, morphology, fluorescence

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-239001

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 71-77, 2023