Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation - Volume 36, issue 1

Authors: Daniel, Eleanor Shalini | Lee, Raymond Y.W. | Williams, Jonathan Mark

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower back pain (LBP) is a principal cause of disability worldwide and is associated with a variety of spinal conditions. Individuals presenting with LBP may display changes in spinal motion. Despite this, the ability to measure lumbar segmental range of motion (ROM) non-invasively remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE: To review the reliability of four non-invasive modalities: Video Fluoroscopy (VF), Ultrasound imaging (US), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Radiography used for measuring segmental ROM in the lumbar spine in-vivo . METHODS: The methodological quality of seventeen eligible studies, identified through a systematic literature search, were appraised. …RESULTS: The intra-rater reliability for VF is excellent in recumbent and upright positions but errors are larger for intra-rater repeated movements and inter-rater reliability shows larger variation. Excellent results for intra- and inter-rater reliability are seen in US studies and there is good reliability within- and between-day. There is a large degree of heterogeneity in MRI and radiography methodologies but reliable results are seen. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent reliability is seen across all modalities. However, VF and radiography are limited by radiation exposure and MRI is expensive. US offers a non-invasive, risk free method but further research must determine whether it yields truly consistent measurements. Show more

Keywords: Kinematics, back, spine, measurement, reliability

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-210285

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 117-135, 2023

Authors: Tan, Huijuan | Tumilty, Steve | Chapple, Cathy | Liu, Lizhou | Othman, Rani | Baxter, G. David

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Acupoints are considered a dynamic functional area, which can reflect the internal condition of the body. In pathological states, disease-related acupoints are believed to be activated, which is known as acupoint sensitization. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the major manifestations of acupoint sensitization in patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP) to provide better understanding of acupoint sensitization phenomena in the context of cLBP. METHODS: This study was a matched-sample cross-sectional study 16 participants diagnosed with cLBP and 16 healthy controls matched in age, sex, and ethnicity were included. The following …aspects of sensitization phenomena of targeted points were compared: pressure pain threshold (PPT), skin temperature, surface electrical conductance, receptive field, and morphological change of skin. RESULTS: PPT at points of interest were significantly lower in cLBP participants compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05); in addition, receptive field was found to be larger at left BL 23 in cLBP participants (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in skin temperature, electrical conductance, or morphology between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced PPT at all detected points and enlarged receptive field at left BL 23 were found in cLBP participants. These two features appear key in defining acupoint sensitization in cLBP, and provide evidence for selecting and locating acupuncture points in future clinical studies. Show more

Keywords: Acupoint, sensitization, chronic low back pain, pressure pain threshold, receptive field, active state

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-210297

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 137-146, 2023

Authors: Hu, Lifeng | Fu, Jun | Zhou, Yonggang | Chai, Wei | Zhang, Guoqiang | Hao, Libo | Chen, Jiying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the worst complications following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Unfortunately, effective prevention strategies to reduce the burden of PJI have not been fully determined in hip replacement patients with fracture and non-fracture. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze and compare the demographic characteristics, microbiological profiles and antibiotic resistance of PJI after hip replacement between patients with fracture and non-fracture. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 132 patients who treated PJI. There were divided into two groups: non-fracture group (64 patients infected after hip replacement for …fracture) and non-fracture group (68 patients infected after hip replacement for non-fracture). Microorganisms were obtained from the synovial fluid and infected necrotic tissue in the joint capsule, medullary cavity, or acetabulum in all patients, and microbiological profiles and antibiotic resistance were evaluated. RESULTS: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the most common pathogenic microorganisms in all patients. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) accounted for 25% in all pathogenic microbes. Staphylococci showed high drug resistance rates to clindamycin, levofloxacin, and all of the first- and second-generation cephalosporins. MRS isolates in non-fracture group had higher drug resistance rates to clindamycin and levofloxacin than than those in fracture group. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) showed high drug resistance rates to Aztreonam, gentamicin and all of the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. Furthermore, GNB isolates in the non-fracture group showed higher resistance rates to gentamicin and all of the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. CONCLUSIONS: MRS isolates in the non-fracture group showed higher drug resistance rates to clindamycin and levofloxacin, and GNB isolates in non-fracture group showed higher drug resistance rates to gentamicin and all of the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. Show more

Keywords: Periprosthetic joint infection, hip replacement, fracture, microbiological profiles, antibiotic resistance

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-210319

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 147-154, 2023

Authors: Giray, Esra | Albayrak, Osman | Kenis-Coskun, Ozge | Yagci, Ilker | Gündüz, Osman Hakan

Article Type: Case Report

Abstract: BACKGROUND: When a patient with a prior history of malignancy and radiotherapy develops progressive weakness as a presentation of plexus involvement, the differential diagnosis usually rests between radiation-induced plexopathy and invasion from recurrent tumor. The presence of myokymic discharges is helpful in differentiating radiation-induced from neoplastic plexopathy. OBJECTIVE: To present a case report of a patient with chordoma, a locally aggressive tumor, who was diagnosed with recurrent tumor accompanied by the occurrence of myokymia in needle electromyographic examination. METHOD: A 55-year-old male patient with a history of chordoma and radiotherapy presented to our …outpatient clinic with complaints of foot drop, and impaired walking for two months. His latest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which was performed three months earlier did not show recurrence. Upon electromyographic evaluation, myokymia, the pathognomic electromyography abnormal wave for radiation plexopathy was detected supporting a diagnosis of radiation plexitis rather than recurrent neoplastic invasion. One month later he presented with more severe pain and was re-evaluated by an MRI, on which a mass was detected indicating relapse. CONCLUSION: With this case report, we would like to emphasize that the behaviour of the tumor should be considered and imaging should be repeated when tumors display aggressive or recurrent behaviour. Show more

Keywords: Case report, chordoma, electromyography, lumbosacral plexopathy, myokymia, radiation

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-210324

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 155-161, 2023

Authors: Hasebe, Yuki | Akasaka, Kiyokazu | Otsudo, Takahiro | Hall, Toby | Yamamoto, Mitsuru

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus about which training methods will give better early outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term effects of cross trainer exercise on physical function and walking ability following THA. METHODS: Fifty patients who underwent THA were randomly allocated into two groups. The intervention program was started 3 days after surgery. The main physical function results were pain, hip range of motion, knee extensor strength, single-leg stance time, and walking performance test. In addition, the number of days of requiring to walk and the length of …hospital stay were recorded. RESULTS: In the comparison between groups at discharge, the patients in the cross trainer group had significantly less hip pain while walking, improvement in knee extensor strength, increased single-leg stance time, as well as increased walking speed and stride length at discharge. The number of days required to walk and length of stay were also significantly lower in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions: Cross trainer exercise commencing 3 days postoperatively improves physical function and walking ability after THA. Show more

Keywords: Total hip arthroplasty, early rehabilitation, cross trainer, gait performance, length of stay

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-210325

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 163-171, 2023

Authors: Alhammad, Ayman | Herrington, Lee | Jones, Paul | Althomali, Omar W. | Jones, Richard

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Several biomechanical outcomes are being used to monitor the risk of injuries; therefore, their reliability and measurement errors need to be known. OBJECTIVE: To measure the reliability and measurement error in lower limb 3D gait analysis outcomes during a 90 ∘ and 135 ∘ change of direction (COD) manoeuvre. METHODS: A test re-test reliability study for ten healthy recreational players was conducted at seven-day intervals. Kinematics (Hip flexion, adduction, internal rotation angles and knee flexion abduction angles) and kinetics (Knee abduction moment and vertical …ground reaction force) data during cutting 90 ∘ and 135 ∘ were collected using 3D gait analysis and force platform. Five trials for each task and leg were collected. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated from the randomised leg. RESULT: The ICC values of the kinematics, kinetics, and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) outcomes (90 ∘ and 135 ∘ ) ranged from 0.85 to 0.95, showing good to excellent reliability. The SEM for joint angles was less than 1.69 ∘ . The VGRV showed a higher ICC value than the other outcomes. CONCLUSION: The current study results support the use of kinematics, kinetics, and VGRF outcomes for the assessment of knee ACL risk in clinic or research. However, the hip internal rotation angle should be treated with caution since the standard measurement error exceeded 10% compared to the mean value. The measurement errors provided in the current study are valuable for future studies. Show more

Keywords: Biomechanics, measurement reliability, change of direction (cod), kinematics, kinetics, cutting manoeuvers, risk, 3-dimansional video analysis

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-210351

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 173-180, 2023

Authors: Malik, Reem Javed | Waris, Asim | Gilani, Syed Omer | Iqbal, Javaid | Kashif, Amer Sohail | Kamboh, Hamid M. | Ghafoor, Muhammad Fazeel

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Inclined walking is associated with multiple musculoskeletal benefits and is considered a therapeutic exercise. Various patterns of increased and decreased muscle activation with inclined surfaces have been observed in normal muscles, with more focus on the proximal lower limb musculature. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the differences in electromyographic activation of gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior at various inclined surfaces during gait. METHODS: Fourteen healthy male participants aged between 17–30 years walked at a self-selected speed at motor driven treadmill on 0, 2 and 4 degrees of inclination. EMG …activity of the muscles was recorded using the Delsys Trigno surface EMG system. RESULTS: Results showed that muscular activation of tibialis anterior significantly decreased with increase in the level of inclination (p < 0.05). However, soleus, gastrocnemius medialis and gastrocnemius lateralis showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in their muscular activation, and no noticeable trends were found. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between all the muscles at ground level and inclined level 2 and 4. CONCLUSION: These differences in activation patterns found in distal extremity can be useful for designing rehabilitation protocols in sports training and for patients with neurological and musculoskeletal pathologies. Show more

Keywords: Electromyography, gait, inclined walking, muscular activation

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-210371

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 181-186, 2023

Authors: de Albuquerque, Priscila Maria Nascimento Martins | de Oliveira, Daniella Araújo | do Nascimento Alves, Laura Izabel | da Silva Alves Gomes, Vanessa Maria | Bezerra, Laylla Marjorye Rebouças | de Souza Melo, Thania Maion | de Alencar, Geisa Guimarães | da Silva Tenório, Angélica | de Siqueira, Gisela Rocha

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Accuracy studies of biophotogrammetry protocols require standardization similar to radiography. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of a biophotogrammetric assessment protocol for cervical hyperlordosis, compared to radiography, and its intra- and inter-examiner reliability for measuring the cervical lordosis angle. METHODS: A study of diagnostic accuracy in women complaining of cervical pain. Two photos were taken using the CorelDraw biophotogrammetric protocol and one radiograph using the Cobb C1-C7 method. The Intra- and Inter-examiner reliability was calculated using the Kappa index and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Bland-Altman plot and the ROC curve …were presented. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 19 women. The accuracy of biophotogrammetry was 94.73% and the reliability between biophotogrammetry and radiography presented an ICC of 0.84 and a Kappa of 0.87. The excellent intra (ICC = 0.94) and inter-examiner (ICC = 0.86) reliability of the biophotogrammetry was confirmed. The area under the ROC curve was 93.5%. The Bland-Altman plot indicated differences between the two instruments close to the mean (1.5 ∘ ). CONCLUSION: The biophotogrammetric protocol proved to be accurate in diagnosing cervical hyperlordosis, with excellent reliability between the biophotogrammetric and radiographic assessments. It also demonstrated excellent intra- and inter-examiner reliability in measuring the cervical lordosis angle. Show more

Keywords: Cervical vertebrae, data accuracy, posture, photogrammetry, radiography

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-210375

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 187-198, 2023

Authors: Lytras, Dimitrios | Sykaras, Evaggelos | Iakovidis, Paris | Kasimis, Konstantinos | Kottaras, Anastasios | Mouratidou, Charikleia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Both spinal manipulation (SM) and Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT) have a positive effect in individuals with chronic neck pain (CNP), especially when they are combined with therapeutic exercise (TE). However, it has not been determined which of the above combinations is more effective in patients with CNP. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of two different manual techniques (SM and INIT), when combined with the same TE program in the management of CNP. METHODS: Eighty women with CNP, allocated into four groups of 20 persons each. The first group followed a 10-week …TE program, the second TE and INIT, the third TE and SM, and the fourth was the control group. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) of the neck muscles, neck active Range of Motion (ROM), Maximum Isometric Strength (MIS) of the neck muscles, craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) and SF-36 questionnaire scores were evaluated before, during and after the treatment period, with a six-month follow-up. RESULTS: There was between groups differences between the three intervention groups and the control group (p < 05), with the positive effects being maintained until the six-month follow-up. However, this improvement occurred earlier in the “TE + INIT” and “TE + SM” groups than in the “TE” group. Differences between the “TE + INIT” and the “TE + SM” groups were noticed only in the neck muscles PPT values, in which the “TE + INIT” group showed greater improvement. Furthermore, some non-statistically significant indications for further improvement of “TE + SM” were noted in the left lateral flexion ROM. CONCLUSION: The addition of INIT as well as SM in the same TE program can further increase the beneficial effect of exercise in women with CNP. In most measurements both combinations seem to be equally effective. However, INIT improved more local muscle tenderness, whereas SM aided more in the neck lateral flexion ROM. Show more

Keywords: Neck pain, chronic pain, exercise, soft tissue, spinal manipulation, physiotherapy

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-220003

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 199-216, 2023

Authors: Kanaan, Saddam F. | Alissa, Hadeel M.K. | Jaber, Ala’a F. | Almhdawi, Khader A. | Mansour, Zaid M. | Alhanada, Mohammad

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients’ knowledge about low back pain (LBP) negatively influences LBP prognosis. Studying the extent of patients’ knowledge about LBP may help clinicians design effective LBP treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE: To explore the level of LBP knowledge and its associated factors in patients with LBP. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a representative sample. Participants with acute or chronic LBP completed a self-administered questionnaire including sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. We used the Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire (LBP_KQ) to assess knowledge, the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire for LBP (FABQ_LBP) to assess fear of movement, the Oswestry …Disability Index (ODI) to assess functional disability, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS 21) to assess mental health status, and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) to assess pain intensity. RESULTS: A total of 271 individuals with LBP completed the study. The mean age of participants was 39.86 (± 11.27), the LBP chronicity median was 18 (IQR = 44) months, and 56.5% of the participants were females. The mean LBP_KQ score was 9.29 (± 3.89)/24. An educational level higher than high school (diploma education (β = 1.202 [95%CI: 5.633 to 11.498], p < 0.001), bachelor or higher education (β = 2.270 [95%CI: 1.107 to 3.433], p < 0.001)), and using pain killers (β = 1.180 [95%CI: 0.140 to 2.221], p = 0.026) were significantly associated with higher LBP_KQ score. While being employed (β = - 1.422 [95%CI: - 2.462 to - 0.382], p = 0.008) and having higher DASS Anxiety score (β = - 0.144 [95%CI: - 0.240 to - 0.048], p = 0.003) were significantly associated with lower LBP_KQ score. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with chronic LBP in Jordan demonstrated relatively low levels of LBP knowledge related to their condition. Rehabilitation personnel, healthcare stakeholders, and policymakers should carefully monitor the level of LBP knowledge and its associated factors. Show more

Keywords: Low back pain, rehabilitation, knowledge, education, disability, anxiety

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-220004

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 217-225, 2023

Authors: Uysal, Bilal | Özkuk, Kağan | Şahin, Nilay | Ökmen, Burcu M. | Sezer, Refia | Ateş, Zeynep

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a common musculoskeletal disease characterized with shoulder pain, limitation of range of motion (ROM) and disability. Although physical therapy is used in the treatment of AC, studies on its effectiveness are continuing. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound (US) and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) in the treatment of AC. METHODS: Sixty patients were randomized into two groups. Group I received US (15 sessions) and Group II received HILT (9 sessions) for 3 weeks. In addition, all patients received physical therapy program (hot pack, TENS …and exercises). Assessments were made using VAS-pain, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), range of motion (ROM) at baseline and in post-treatment 3 rd , 8 th and 24 th weeks. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of all pre-treatment values. In intragroup assessment, statistically significant difference was identified in all the values of Groups 1 and 2 in all assessment periods compared with the pre-treatment values (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in all assessment periods. CONCLUSION: According to results, US therapy and HILT were effective on the improvement of pain, ROM and functional conditions of patients in the treatment of AC. Show more

Keywords: Adhesive capsulitis, frozen shoulder, ultrasound therapy, high-intensity laser therapy, physical therapy modalities

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-220026

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 227-236, 2023

Authors: Huang, Zheng | Guo, Ji | Zhang, Jianpo | We, Licheng | Wang, Jiqing | Jia, Yongwei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Andersson lesion (AL) is a rare complication of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Its clinical outcome of surgical treatment needs further exploration. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of transforaminal thoracolumbar intervertebral fusion (TTIF) in the treatment of AS patients with thoracolumbar AL. METHODS: Fourteen patients with thoracolumbar AL who suffered from back pain, spinal instability or kyphotic deformity were retrospectively recruited. The clinical outcomes were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Radiological outcomes were measured with local kyphotic (LK) angle and general kyphotic (GK) angle. …RESULTS: Before surgical treatment for the AL patients, their VAS score and ODI score was 8.0 ± 0.2 and 64.0 ± 6.9, respectively. After TTIF surgery, VAS score of the patients was improved to 2.4 ± 0.5 (p < 0.01) and ODI score was decreased to 17.0 ± 3.7 (p < 0.01). One patient with neurological deficit showed an improvement in the Frankel grade from C to D and all others were grated E-level before and after surgery. For radiological outcomes, patients’ LK angle was reduced from 18.5 ± 7.2 to 11.0 ± 6.4 (p < 0.01) and GK angle was reduced to 38.6 ± 8.8 from 42.8 ± 10.4 (p < 0.01) at the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: For AS patients with thoracolumbar AL, we propose that TTIF is an effective and safe operative treatment, which can achieve good fusion, satisfactory radiological and clinical outcomes. Show more

Keywords: Vertebral fusion, andersson lesion, ankylosing spondylitis, kyphosis

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-220053

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 237-244, 2023

Authors: Lim, Wootaek

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant increase in the dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) after calf muscle stretching has been widely studied. However, it has been shown that the upper body is connected to the ankle joint by passive connective tissues. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of upper-back stretching on the mobility of the contralateral ankle. METHODS: In the supine position, DFROM in the contralateral leg was measured. In the sitting position with and without trunk rotation, DFROM was measured in both legs. In the sitting position with trunk rotation, …dorsiflexion was measured only in the contralateral leg. Static diagonal stretching combining trunk rotation with slight trunk flexion was performed in the sitting position with a neutral pelvis. RESULTS: After stretching, DFROM in contralateral and ipsilateral legs were measured in the sitting position with a neutral pelvis. In the contralateral leg, significant differences in Δ DFROM were observed between the sitting position with trunk rotation and the supine position and between the sitting position with trunk rotation and the sitting position after stretching. CONCLUSION: In clinical settings, diagonal stretching of the unilateral posterior trunk causes a significant increase in the DFROM of the contralateral lower limb. Show more

Keywords: Lumbar fascia, posterior oblique sling, range of motion, static stretching

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-220073

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 245-252, 2023

Authors: Hamada, Kazuaki | Maeda, Shintaro | Hamada, Chiho | Watanabe, Hodaka | Oki, Masahiro | Tanaka, Ryo | Hashimoto, Kazunori

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pain is a complex experience with both sensory and affective dimensions, and the affective dimension can increase the risks of chronic pain development. It is thus critical to identify factors influencing the affective dimension of pain. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the relationship between the affective dimension of pain and disorder site (primary pain source). METHODS: Study participants were recruited from patients referred for physical therapy at an orthopedic outpatient clinic. Pain quality including the affective dimension, disorder site from descriptive medical diagnosis, pain intensity, duration from pain onset, and demographic …data, was collected. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the relationship between the affective dimension of pain and the disorder site. RESULTS: A total of 282 participants were included. Cervical and lumbar spine disorders were significantly associated with an affective dimension of pain compared to limbs disorders when adjusted for age, sex, pain intensity, and duration from the onset in the regression model. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of duration from the onset and other confounding factors, disorder site is correlated with the affective dimension of pain. Multidimensional pain assessment is crucial when clinicians evaluate patients with cervical and lumbar spine disorders, even in the acute phase. Show more

Keywords: Pain, affective symptoms, physiotherapy, healthcare

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-220094

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 253-259, 2023

Authors: Seijas-Otero, Daniel | Alonso-Calvete, Alejandra | Cuña-Carrera, Iria Da | Justo-Cousiño, Lorenzo A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PPS) is defined as a condition in the patellofemoral joint that can present with pain, functional deficit, crepitus, and instability. Its etiology appears to lie in excessive loading of the patellofemoral joint due to mispositioning of the patella. The application of taping has recently increased, to manage PPS. However, the level of scientific evidence in this sense is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of different types of taping in subjects with PPS. METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out in January and February 2021 in Scopus, Web of …Science, PubMed, Medline, SPORTDiscus, PEDro and CINAHL. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies were included for qualitative analysis. The mean score on the PEDro scale was 5.30 points. Most of the articles reflect a decrease in pain after the taping intervention, while variables such as functionality, muscle activity and biomechanical modification do not show positive effects. CONCLUSION: Taping appears to have positive effects on pain in subjects with PPS. However, the evidence is contradictory with the rest of the variables studied. Show more

Keywords: Knee, taping, kinesiotaping, bandaging, anterior knee pain

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-220099

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 261-269, 2023

Authors: Park, Donghwi | Kwak, Sang Gyu | Chang, Min Cheol

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Whiplash injury-related neck pain frequently hinders daily life activities, resulting in poor quality of life. Recovery time is prolonged in many patients. Long-term outcomes of refractory whiplash injury-related neck pain remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term prognosis of chronic whiplash injury-related neck pain. METHODS: We evaluated the prognosis of 38 patients with whiplash injury-induced neck pain via phone interviews. We investigated the data on current presence and degree of neck pain, current pain medication, physical modality or injection procedures, and difficulty performing daily life activities or occupational …duties. RESULTS: At least 5 years after the whiplash injury, 34 patients (89.5%) experienced whiplash injury-related neck pain. The average numeric rating scale (NRS) score on the initial visit to our spine center was 5.3 ± 1.7 and that at the follow-up interview was 4.3 ± 2.6. Twenty-six (68.4%) patients had pain scores ⩾ 3 on the NRS. Additionally, 26 (68.4%) patients were receiving at least one of the following pain-management treatments: oral pain medications, physical modality, and injection procedures. Twenty-eight (73.7%) patients encountered difficulty performing daily life activities and occupational duties. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term prognosis of patients with whiplash injury-related neck pain was found to be poor. Show more

Keywords: Whiplash injuries, neck pain, cervical vertebrae, chronic pain, prognosis

DOI: 10.3233/BMR-220002

Citation: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 271-275, 2023