Affiliations: [a] Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Ministry of Health, Madinah, Saudi Arabia | [b] School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK | [c] Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’ll, Saudi Arabia
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Ayman Alhammad, Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Ministry of Health, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: dr_an1@hotmail.com.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Several biomechanical outcomes are being used to monitor the risk of injuries; therefore, their reliability and measurement errors need to be known. OBJECTIVE: To measure the reliability and measurement error in lower limb 3D gait analysis outcomes during a 90∘ and 135∘ change of direction (COD) manoeuvre. METHODS: A test re-test reliability study for ten healthy recreational players was conducted at seven-day intervals. Kinematics (Hip flexion, adduction, internal rotation angles and knee flexion abduction angles) and kinetics (Knee abduction moment and vertical ground reaction force) data during cutting 90∘ and 135∘ were collected using 3D gait analysis and force platform. Five trials for each task and leg were collected. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated from the randomised leg. RESULT: The ICC values of the kinematics, kinetics, and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) outcomes (90∘ and 135∘) ranged from 0.85 to 0.95, showing good to excellent reliability. The SEM for joint angles was less than 1.69∘. The VGRV showed a higher ICC value than the other outcomes. CONCLUSION: The current study results support the use of kinematics, kinetics, and VGRF outcomes for the assessment of knee ACL risk in clinic or research. However, the hip internal rotation angle should be treated with caution since the standard measurement error exceeded 10% compared to the mean value. The measurement errors provided in the current study are valuable for future studies.
Keywords: Biomechanics, measurement reliability, change of direction (cod), kinematics, kinetics, cutting manoeuvers, risk, 3-dimansional video analysis
