Isokinetics and Exercise Science - Volume 9, issue 4

Authors: Slocker de Arce, A. | Sánchez, J. Carrascosa | Camacho, F.J. Fernandez | Clemente de Arriba, C. | Pellico, L. Gómez

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Sixty healthy young volunteers were tested bilaterally in order to determine the angle of peak torque (APT) during flexion and extension of the knee at velocities of 60°/s and 120°/s. No differences in laterality were observed in the APT, except for flexion in females, where this angle was greater on the right side at both velocities. In males, the extensor muscle group reached the peak torque sooner than the flexor group at both velocities. In addition, …in extension and for both velocities, men reached the APT earlier than women. Thus muscle and gender have an effect on the APT. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/IES-2001-0078

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 151-154, 2001

Authors: Bassa, E. | Kotzamanidis, C. | Patikas, D. | Paraschos, I.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the concentric and eccentric isokinetic moment of knee extensors in 108 boys aged 6 to 12 years and in 15 young adults. Participants performed isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee extensions at different angular velocities, 45°, 90° and 180°·s^{-1} . The Ancova designs, using lean mass as covariate, revealed a significant age effect. Post hoc Scheffe test revealed higher moment scores for adults compared to children. Statistical …differences between children were observed every two years. Eccentric moments were higher than concentric moments at corresponding velocities. Concentric moments decreased with increasing velocity whereas eccentric moments did not change significantly. Boys were found to achieve almost 40% concentric and eccentric moment of young adults at the age of 12 years. The higher annual increase of both concentric and eccentric moment was observed at 7 years of age. The present data indicate a gradual and concurrent increase of isokinetic concentric and eccentric moment with age from 6 to 12 years of age suggesting probably a concurrent maturation of contractile and elastic components of the muscle during childhood. Show more

Keywords: strength, isokinetic, concentric, eccentric, child

DOI: 10.3233/IES-2001-0079

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 155-161, 2001

Authors: Croisier, J.L. | Maertens de Noordhout, B. | Maquet, D. | Camus, G. | Hac, S. | Feron, F. | De Lamotte, O. | Crielaard, J.M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The objectives of the study were to measure the isokinetic strength of the hip flexor-extensor and adductor-abductor muscle groups in unilateral lower limb amputees and to evaluate abnormalities in order to improve the usual rehabilitation programs. Thirty-three patients with unilateral lower limb amputation were included in this study; they served as their own controls, the amputated side being compared to the intact side. Using an isokinetic device, the relative peak torques (N.m by body weight), …bilateral asymmetries and agonist/antagonist torque ratios were calculated for the hip flexor, extensor, adductor and abductor muscle groups. A significant reduction of mean concentric relative peak torque measured on the amputated limbs was generally observed when compared to the intact contralateral limb (p < 0.05). The mean percentage of relative peak torque decrease was greater for the extensors than for the flexors (33 ± 20% angular velocity), and for the abductors than for the adductors (23 ± 22% Furthermore, the flexor/extensor torque ratio was significantly increased for the amputated limb (for instance, 1.25 ± 0.33> versus 1.09 ± 0.25 for the intact limb at 30°/s). The reduction of the abductor/adductor ratio of the operated limb reached the level of statistical significance at 60°/s only (1.25 ± 0.46 versus 1.07 ± 0.36 for the intact limb). In conclusion, isokinetic testing revealed a significant reduction of the hip stabilizing muscle strength as a consequence of lower limb amputation. The more marked decrease of the strength of the abductor and extensor muscle groups, resulting in imbalances of the agonist/antagonist strength ratios should be taken into account to adapt the conventional rehabilitation programs. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/IES-2001-0080

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 163-169, 2001

Authors: Cingel, van, E.H.R. | Kleinrensink, G.J. | Rooijens, P.P.G.M. | Uitterlinden, E.J. | Aufdemkampe, G. | Stoeckart, R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a motor learning effect exists during concentric isokinetic testing of the ankle invertor and evertor muscles of the dominant and non-dominant leg. Thirty-three subjects aged 22 to 57 years without any experience in isokinetic testing, were randomly assigned to one out of three test velocity groups (30, 60 or 120°/s). Each velocity group consisted of 11 subjects. Invertors and evertors of the dominant and non-dominant leg were …tested. All subjects performed five sets of two maximal concentric inversion-eversion movements on a calibrated CYBEX 6000 dynamometer. For the invertors of the dominant leg at 30 and 120°/s. the mean PKTQ%B the first set. For the evertors of the dominant leg and the invertors and evertors of the non-dominant leg no statistically significant difference was found. To exclude possible bias of learning effects in concentric isokinetic testing of inversion-eversion muscles, we advise a practice session of two sets of two maximal inversion-eversion movements. Show more

Keywords: ankle muscles, peak torque, warming-up

DOI: 10.3233/IES-2001-0081

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 171-177, 2001