Isokinetics and Exercise Science - Volume 32, issue 2

Authors: Claudio, Ana Carolina de Jacomo | da Silva, Luana Zava Ribeiro | Fonseca, Laís Gobbo | de Camargo, Caroline Coletti | Machado, Aryane Flauzino | Micheletti, Jessica Kirsch | Menossi, Berlis Ribeiro dos Santos

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The return to activities and sports after the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a critical decision. OBJECTIVE: To verify the most used elements during the isokinetic evaluation for discharge after ACL reconstruction. METHODS: Systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021224433). Research in the literature: PubMed, Medline, SciELO, Lilacs, CENTRAL, PEDro, Web of Science and Embase, in February 2022. Studies that performed isokinetic evaluation during the discharge period in male patients aged 18 to 59 years after ACL reconstruction. Descriptive synthesis on the most used parameters during isokinetic evaluation as a discharge criteria after ACL …reconstruction. RESULT: Twenty-three studies involving 1,792 participants were included. Medium and high quality evidence identified that most isokinetic evaluations targeted only muscle strength after rehabilitation of the ACL (peak moment). CONCLUSION: The most used elements during the isokinetic evaluation were: angular velocity of 60∘ /s, 1 set of 5 repetitions, concentric mode and peak moment. Show more

Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament, muscle strength dynamometer, return to sport

DOI: 10.3233/IES-220103

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 85-107, 2024

Authors: Ozdamar, Soner | Agopyan, Ani | Uzun, Selda

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited research exists on how various resistance training methods, such as TRX and dumbbells, impact sport-specific technical skills and muscle performance in young athletes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effects of 8-week Total-Body Resistance Exercise (TRX) suspension training and Traditional Dumbbell Training (TDT) on shoulder muscle strength, leg power, and spike speed in young male volleyball players. METHODS: Twenty-five male volleyball players were randomly assigned to either the TRX suspension group (n = 13) or the TDT group (n = …12). Anthropometric measures, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, spike speed, and shoulder joint isokinetic strength tests were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Both groups continued their volleyball training (5 days/week) and added TRX or TDT sessions for 2 months (60–90 minutes/day, 3 times/week), including 8 multi-joint exercises (1–3 sets/12 reps, 60 min rest). Statistical analysis involved Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, with effect size calculations. RESULTS: Compared to the TDT group, the TRX group showed significant improvements in CMJ height (+ 12.17% vs. + 0.83%; p = 0.001), CMJ power (+ 9.55% vs. - 0.24 %; p = 0.01), and spike speed (+ 11.49% vs. + 6.82%; p = 0.03) with a small to moderate effect size. CONCLUSIONS: In young male volleyball players, TRX suspension training may be more effective than dumbbell training in enhancing jump performance and spike speed. Show more

Keywords: Countermovement jump, spike velocity, strength, team sports, total body resistance exercise

DOI: 10.3233/IES-230001

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 109-123, 2024

Authors: Gomes, Gustavo N. | Duarte, Marvery P. | Bottaro, Martim | Lamarca, Fernando | Melendez, Mariana | Carvalho, Kênia M.B. | Dutra, Eliane S. | Lima, Ricardo M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The reduction of muscle mass and strength commonly observed after bariatric surgery might negatively affect the individual physical function. Muscle quality is also of functional relevance in different populations, but its significance in patients who underwent bariatric surgery has yet to be explored. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between muscle strength and quality with physical function in women mid- to long-term after Roux-en-Y gastroplasty (RYGB). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 133 women (43.7± 9.9 years) who have undergone RYGB at least two years before the study were included. All …participants underwent body composition evaluation using DEXA and knee extensors peak moment (PM) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle quality (MQ) was obtained through the ratio between absolute PM and dominant leg fat-free mass. Physical function was measured through the 30-second sit-to-stand (30-STS), 6-minute walking (6-MWT), and timed up-and-go (TUG) tests. RESULTS: Differences between PM tertiles were observed for 30-STS and 6-MWT tests. However, statistical significance disappeared when adjusting for age. Regarding PM relative to body weight, all functional tests were significantly different between tertiles. Comparing functional performance according to MQ tertiles, differences were found for 30-STS and 6-MWT tests, but significance disappeared when adjusting for age. Absolute PM was correlated to the 30-STS performance and 6-MWT, while PM relative to body mass and MQ were correlated with all functional tests. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle strength and quality seem to be associated with physical function in women mid-to-long-term after RYGB, but strength relative to bodyweight outperformed absolute strength and MQ. Show more

Keywords: Obesity, bariatric surgery, physical function, skeletal muscle

DOI: 10.3233/IES-230024

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 125-132, 2024

Authors: Mahmoud, Waleed S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Kinesio Taping (KT) is used for musculoskeletal problems. KT optimizes and reduces mechanical stresses on soft tissues. However, the benefits of KT and traditional exercises for different severities of knee osteoarthritis (OA) remains controversial. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of tension KT and traditional physical therapy on different severities of knee OA. METHODS: Fifty-six male patients with knee OA, aged 60–75-y years, were allocated to groups A and B based on grades 1 and 2 and grades 3 and 4 on the Kellgren-Lawrence scale, respectively. Tension KT and traditional …physical therapy were administrated to both groups for 6-wks. The extensor peak moment of quadriceps and knee flexion range of motion (ROM) were recorded using an isokinetic dynamometer and universal goniometer, respectively. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to score pain level. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANCOVA test. RESULTS: ANCOVA revealed an increase in peak extensor moment of quadriceps (Pre: 51.6 ± 2.8 Nm; Post: 63.3 ± 4.3 Nm), knee flexion ROM (Pre: 112.8∘ 7.2; Post: 122.9∘ 4.8), and pain improvement (Pre: 5.1 ± 1.07; Post: 2.8 ± 1.6) in group A (p < 0.001). Group B showed insignificant improvements in all outcome measures (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: KT with traditional physical therapy improved knee pain, quadriceps strength, and knee ROM in older males with knee OA grades 1 and 2. KT and traditional physical therapy were insufficient to produce considerable effects on grades 3 and 4 of knee OA. Show more

Keywords: Isokinetic dynamometer, kinesio taping, knee osteoarthritis, traditional physical therapy

DOI: 10.3233/IES-230028

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 133-143, 2024

Authors: Patel, N.L. | Quesada, P.M. | Wellwood, J. | Skutnik, B.C. | Daily, J.P. | Caruso, J.F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Excess heat accrual is perhaps the body’s most dangerous exercise-induced stressor. While palm cooling uses conduction to reduce body temperatures, to date the volume of heat transferred by this treatment resulting from exercise is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Asses continuous palm cooling’s impact on heat transfer and physiology. METHODS: Thirty-one subjects did two workouts; one with, and one without, palm cooling. Workouts entailed consecutive stages of submaximal pedaling against prescribed workloads. Gloves were worn at workouts; for palm cooling 10.6∘ C gel packs were inserted into gloves at the workout’s start and conclusion. Heart …rate, auditory canal and palm skin temperatures, and heat transfer across the palm were collected. Data were obtained pre-exercise, at the end of a warm-up, and at multiple times during the 25 minutes of pedaling and 30 minutes of recovery. RESULTS: Auditory canal temperatures had a significant treatment effect (palm cooling < non-palm cooling). Palm skin temperature had an interaction, with higher non-palm cooling values at multiple times. Conversely, heat transfer also produced an interaction, but palm cooling had significantly higher values at multiple times. Heat transfer was 32% higher for the palm cooling workout. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous palm cooling produced significantly higher heat transfer from submaximal exercise. Show more

Keywords: Heart rate, auditory canal temperature, palm skin temperature

DOI: 10.3233/IES-230077

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 145-153, 2024

Authors: Zabaleta-Korta, Aitor | Latorre-Erezuma, Unai | Fernández-Peña, Eneko | Torres-Unda, Jon | Santos-Concejero, Jordan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the last decades, emerging evidence has shown that muscle growth is not homogeneous along a muscle head. This phenomenon is known as regional muscle hypertrophy and has led to several questions regarding the implications it may have for health and sports performance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether regional hypertrophy can be predicted by surface electromyography (sEMG). METHODS: 36 participants performed two arm exercises (preacher curls and inclined curls) in a random order to muscle failure at 70% of the 1 RM of the bicep curl exercise. As …every participant performed a different number of repetitions, Peak sEMG and the integral of the sEMG of the last 3 repetitions was analyzed an compared to previously performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). RESULTS: The independent sample t -tests showed no significant differences neither in the peak nor in the integral of the sEMG between exercises for any given region. CONCLUSIONS: sEMG cannot be used to predict regional hypertrophy. Show more

Keywords: Arm, muscle growth, biceps brachii

DOI: 10.3233/IES-230079

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 155-161, 2024

Authors: Park, Won-Young | Bae, Dong-Yun | An, Da-In | Jung, Jong-Chul | Choi, Go-Eun | Yun, Hye-Lyeong | Shin, Yong-Il | Kim, Jun-Seok | Kim, Soo-Yong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUD: The control of hip and ankle joint movement is important for patients with dynamic knee valgus (DKV), but few studies have used non-elastic taping (NET) to adjust alignment of the hip and ankle joints during overhead squat (OHS) simultaneously in patients with DKV. OBJECTIVE: We investigated changes in lower extremity joint kinematics and dynamic balance after the application of NET to the hip and ankle joints during OHS. METHODS: A total of 30 DKV patients participated in this study. We determined the kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, and scores …on the lower quarter Y-balance test (YBT-LQ) during OHS under three conditions (non-taping, NET on hip and ankle, and sham taping). RESULTS: Hip internal rotation, knee valgus, and the ankle dorsiflexion angle were significantly lower with NET than with non- or sham taping. The hip flexion angle and scores on the YBT-LQ were significantly greater with NET than with non- or sham taping. CONCLUSIONS: The application of NET while performing a OHS is a useful method for correcting lower extremity alignment in patients with DKV, however, application of NET on the ankle should be considered. Show more

Keywords: Balance, knee valgus, overhead squat, taping

DOI: 10.3233/IES-230080

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 163-170, 2024

Authors: Lim, Wootaek

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported that exercise increases physical flexibility; however, no study has verified whether patients perceive an increase in physical flexibility after exercise. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the correlations between increased duration of exercise and the self-rated flexibility (SRF) and those between the SRF and quantitative flexibility. Variations in the SRF between males and females were also investigated. METHODS: The SRF of the hip (S-Hip) and ankle (S-Ankle) were rated by participants who completed a questionnaire. The range of motion of the hip (M-Hip) and ankle (M-Ankle) were measured using the …straight leg raise test and dorsiflexion, respectively. RESULTS: No significant correlation between exercise duration and S-Hip and S-Ankle were identified. S-Hip and S-Ankle (p < 0.001) and S-Hip and M-Hip (p < 0.001) were significantly correlated, though S-Ankle and M-Ankle were not (p = 0.660). The exercise duration, S-Hip, and S-Ankle were not significantly different between males and females. CONCLUSIONS: Given the significant correlation between hip flexibility and SRF and no gender effect, SRF may serve as a useful clinical indicator. Show more

Keywords: Self-rated flexibility, hip flexibility, ankle flexibility, exercise duration, sex difference

DOI: 10.3233/IES-230081

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 171-177, 2024

Article Type: Correction

DOI: 10.3233/IES-239002

Citation: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 179-179, 2024